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  • 1
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Keywords: amino acids ; gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ; glycerol ; organic acids ; t-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives ; urea
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Electrochimica Acta 13 (1968), S. 625-643 
    ISSN: 0013-4686
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Electrochimica Acta 22 (1977), S. 121-128 
    ISSN: 0013-4686
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Electrochimica Acta 5 (1961), S. 180-201 
    ISSN: 0013-4686
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Electrochimica Acta 5 (1961), S. 301-318 
    ISSN: 0013-4686
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 25 (1986), S. 293-303 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: iron oxidation ; rate of the phase-boundary reactions ; mass transfer in scale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The layered system Fe/FeO/Fe3O4/Fe2O3/O2 is formed during the oxidation of iron in air or oxygen at temperatures above 580°C. Phase transformations as well as transfer of ions, electrons, and vacancies occur at the phase boundaries; these phenomena have not been fully described in the literature. Equations are given in this paper which allow a complete estimation of the rates of all partial reactions. Fe3O4 is formed by phase transformation of Fe2O3. The formation of Fe2O3 is described theoretically, but a decision from which of several reactions Fe2O3 is really formed is not possible because of experimental difficulties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 23 (1999), S. 808-815 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Neither experimental nor clinical data confirm the repeatedly published opinion that video-endoscopic surgery promotes tumor growth or the occurrence of implantation metastases in cancer patients. On the contrary, alterations due to pneumoperitoneum by the application of different gases, pressures, and temperatures might provide the basis for a new therapeutic approach to cancer surgery. Oncologically adequate resections defined by such terms as “no touch isolation” and “monobloc resection” can be performed video-endoscopically in a variety of intraabdominally or intrathoracically located cancers if a standardized technique is used. The benefit of video-endoscopic surgery is limited in large tumors, especially if they have reached the organ surface. There is still a major deficit in the clinical evaluation of video-endoscopic interventions in most oncologic diseases. Randomized studies comparing video-endoscopic and conventional surgery have been reported only for the resection of colorectal carcinoma. They show that laparoscopic resections can be performed with a minimum of postoperative complications to the same extent as conventional resections and offer several advantages during the early postoperative period. No reliable data from comparative trials are as yet available on the long-term results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Primary colorectal cancer ; Laparoscopic surgery. ; Schlüsselwörter: Primäres colorectales Carcinom ; Laparoscopie.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Bei Patienten, die wegen eines primären colorectalen Carcinoms elektiv reseziert wurden, wurde in einer prospektiven Studie untersucht, aus welchen Gründen die Operation konventionell durchgeführt wurde, wenn bei allen Patienten die laparoskopische Operation grundsätzlich angestrebt wird. Damit sollte die gegenwärtige Bedeutung der laparoskopischen Technik in der elektiven Behandlung des primären colorectalen Carcinoms geklärt werden. Von 111 Patienten, die innerhalb von 12 Monaten operiert wurden, wurde bei 22 Patienten der Tumor laparoskopisch reseziert und bei 4 Patienten ein laparoskopisch-assistiertes Verfahren gewählt. Alter, Geschlecht und Tumorstadien waren vergleichbar zwischen den Gruppen. Die Operationszeiten waren in der laparoskopischen Gruppe deutlich länger, die des postoperativen Ileus und Verweildauer waren kürzer. Die häufigste Indikation zur konventionellen Resektion waren Rectumcarcinome (n = 29), gefolgt von Verwachsungen (n = 15), randomisierten Patienten (n = 14) und infiltrierenden Tumoren (n = 12). Allgemeine Risikofaktoren waren weniger bedeutend. Die laparoskopischen Operationstechniken spielen zur Zeit noch eine untergeordnete Rolle in der primären Behandlung des colorectalen Carcinoms (24–37 %). Operationstechnische Gesichtspunkte lassen eine sphinctererhaltende Resektion von Rectumcarcinomen im mittleren und unteren Drittel noch nicht empfehlen. Allgemeine Risiken sind selten eine alleinige Kontraindikation zur laparoskopischen Resektion.
    Notes: Summary. Patients who had undergone elective resection for primary colorectal cancer were included in a prospective study. The purpose of the study was to specify the current role of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Therefore, the reasons for performing the resection conventionally were documented under the general guideline that all colorectal cancer should be resected laparoscopically. Of 111 patients treated in 1995, only 22 underwent a laparoscopic resection and 4 patients a laparoscopic-assisted resection. Age, sex and tumor stage were comparable between groups. Operative time was longer in the laparoscopy group; duration of postoperative ileus and postoperative hospital stay were shorter. The most frequent indications for using a conventional approach were rectal cancer (n = 29), adhesions (n = 15), randomly selected patients (n = 14) and advanced cancer (n = 12). Cardiovascular risk factors were not so important. Laparoscopic techniques were only applied in a minority of patients with colorectal cancer (24–37 %). Laparoscopic sphincter-preserving surgery is currently not recommended for rectal cancer in the middle and lower rectum. General risk factors are rarely a contraindication for a laparoscopic approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 70 (1999), S. 453-455 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Laparoscopic surgery ; Colorectal cancer ; Long-term results. ; Schlüsselwörter: Laparoskopische Chirurgie ; colorectale Carcinome ; Langzeitergebnisse.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Die laparoskopische Operationstechnik wird zur Behandlung des colorectalen Carcinoms eingesetzt, obwohl noch keine Langzeitergebnisse aus kontrollierten Studien vorliegen, die belegen, daß diese Methode zur kurativen Behandlung des Carcinoms geeignet ist. Methode: Alle Patienten, die sich von 1995 bis 1997 einer laparoskopischen Resektion wegen eines colorectalen Tumors unterzogen, wurden in eine prospektive Beobachtungsstudie aufgenommen. Die Langzeitergebnisse wurden zur Qualitätskontrolle überprüft. Ergebnisse: In dem Zeitraum wurden 68 Patienten laparoskopisch reseziert. Bei 3 Patienten fanden sich histologisch lediglich Adenome und bei 10 Patienten lag zum Zeitpunkt des Ersteingriffs bereits eine diffuse Lebermetastasierung vor. Bei 55 Patienten wurde eine R0-Resektion vorgenommen. Das Durchschnittsalter der 55 Patienten (29 Frauen und 26 Männer) betrug 62,8 ± 14,6 Jahre. Es wurden 11 Hemicolektomien rechts, eine Hemicolektomie links, 21 Sigmaresektionen, 16 anteriore Rectumresektionen und 6 abdominoperineale Rectumexstirpationen durchgeführt. Bei 2 Patienten (3,6 %) waren die Langzeitergebnisse nicht erhebbar. Die Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug im Median 27,1 Monate (Bereich 9,1–45,1 Monate). Trokarmetastasen traten nicht auf. Bei 2 noch lebenden Patienten (3,6 %) wurde nach laparoskopischer Sigmaresektion ein Tumorrückfall diagnostiziert. Ein Patient, bei dem wegen eines synchronen malignen Lymphoms keine systematisch-regionäre Lymphadenektomie durchgeführt wurde, erlitt ein locoregionäres Rezidiv und eine Patientin entwickelte Lungenmetastasen. Eine Patientin verstarb in der Nachbeobachtungszeit an einem Myokardinfarkt. Schlussfolgerungen: Trotz der relativ kurzen Nachbeobachtungszeit scheint die Rezidvrate nach laparoskopischer Resektion nicht erhöht zu sein. Ob die laparoskopische Methode onkologisch gleichwertig ist, wird zur Zeit in multizentrischen Studien geklärt.
    Notes: Summary. Background: Laparoscopic techniques are currently used for curative resection of colorectal cancer although long-term results from controlled clinical trials are not available yet that prove laparoscopic procedures are adequate. Methods: All patients who underwent a curative resection of a colorectal tumor from 1995 to 1997 were included in a prospective cohort study to evaluate the short- and long-term results. Results: Laparoscopic colorectal resections were accomplished in 68 patients. In only 3 patients was an adenoma (stage 0) found, and 10 patients had multiple liver metastases at the time of palliative resection. An oncological resection was performed in 55 patients. The average age was 62.8 ± 14.6 years (29 female and 26 male patients). Eleven right colectomies, 1 left colectomy, 21 sigmoid resections, 16 proctosigmoidectomies and 6 abdominoperineal resections were carried out. Two patients (3.6 %) were lost during follow-up. The median follow-up was 27.1 months (range 9.1–45.1 months). No port-site metastases were found. Two patients who are still alive after sigmoid resection suffered from a recurrence. The first patient underwent only limited lymphadenectomy because of synchronous malignant lymphoma. The second patient developed bilateral lung metastases. Only one patient died during the follow-up period because of myocardial infarction. Conclusion: Although the follow-up is short, it seems that the recurrence rate is low. Controlled multicenter clinical trials are currently performed to evaluate whether laparoscopic surgery is really adequate to treat colorectal cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 12 (1998), S. 7-11 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy — Pneumoperitoneum — Pneumatic compression — Thrombosis — Prophylaxis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Fifty patients were included in a prospective randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of intermittent sequential compression (ISC) of the lower extremities in preventing venous stasis during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: We treated 25 patients with (+ISC) and 25 without (–ISC) intermittent sequential compression. Peak flow velocity (PFV) and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the right femoral vein were measured by Doppler ultrasound before, during, and after capnopneumoperitoneum with 14 mm Hg. Results: PFV was 26.4 (8.4) cm/s and CSA was 1.03 (0.23) cm2 before pneumoperitoneum was induced. During abdominal insufflation, PFV decreased to 61% of the baseline value in the (–ISC) group but remained unchanged in the (+ISC) group (t = 5.17, df = 42.8, p 〈 0.01). CSA was 1.06 (0.22) cm2 before insufflation. It increased to 118% of the baseline in the (–ISC) group and to 108% in the (+ISC) group (t =–1.55, df = 47.1, p= 0.13). PFV and CSA returned to baseline values within 5 min after abdominal desufflation. Conclusions: ISC effectively neutralizes venous stasis during laparoscopic surgery and may decrease the risk of postoperative thromboembolic complication. Therefore, it is recommended for all prolonged laparoscopic procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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