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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Erythropoietin ; Hämatokrit ; Herzchirurgie ; Zeugen Jehovahs ; Key words Cardiac surgery ; Cell saver ; Erythropoietin ; Hematocrit ; Jehovah's Witnesses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Members of Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood transfusions and blood products under any circumstances. Because of an improvement in blood salvage techniques in our centre, they are not excluded from open-heart surgery. In recent years recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has been applied to correct perioperative anemia in these patients. Methods. Seventeen members of Jehovah's Witnesses who were more than 18 years of age were operated on using various blood salvage technique, e.g., haemoseparation and a high dose of Aprotinin. We present the first three patients treated with 4×500 U of i.v. rhEPO/kg body wt. given within 11 days preoperatively. Thirteen of the patients operated on had elevated preoperative risk factors, for instance poor left ventricle, severe aortic valve stenosis, metabolic syndrome, age older than 70 years, etc. In other centres that perform cardiac operations on members of Jehovah's Witnesses, these risk factors represent contraindications for open-heart surgery in these patients. Results. Patients with rhEPO treatment showed a preoperative hematocrit increase of 7 Vol.% within 10 days and no postoperative complications. At the 6th postoperative hour the hematocrit returned to the starting values; in patients without rhEPO, however, the hematocrit generally had not increased to preoperative values even by the 8th day after operation. In 9 patients with preoperative elevated risk factors and a postoperative relative decrease in hematocrit below 33% we observed an uncomplicated postoperative period. Four patients with these risk factors, a pronounced decrease in hematocrit and blood loss postoperatively had various severe complications. Conclusions. Preoperative treatment with a high dose of rhEPO to enhance the hematocrit and maturity by precursor red blood cells in patients with a hematocrit below 45 Vol.% is a possibility to compensate for the blood loss perioperatively and to avoid complications from a decrease in oxygen transport capacity. The anaemia and high blood loss postoperatively are the main causes for a slightly elevated operation risk in members of Jehovah's Witnesses in all heart centres that perform cardiac operations on these patients. Nevertheless, Jehovah's Witnesses should be not excluded from cardiac operations, since open-heart surgery without use of homologous blood is becoming a routine procedure.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Optimierung blutsparender Verfahren ermöglicht es, Herzoperationen bei „Zeugen Jehovahs“ risikoarm durchzuführen. Bei uns wurden 17 erwachsene Patienten dieser Glaubensgemeinschaft unter Anwendung verschiedener blutsparender Techniken operiert. Berichtet wird über 3 Patienten mit präoperativ niedrigem Hämatokrit (35–37 Vol.-%), die wir erstmalig hochdosiert mit rekombinantem humanen Erythropoietin (rhEPO) behandelten. Während dieser Behandlung kam es bei diesen Patienten zu einem Hämatokritanstieg von 7–8 Vol.-% innerhalb von 10 Tagen und zu einem geringerem postoperativem Hämatokritabfall als bei den 14 Patienten ohne rhEPO-Therapie. Es wurden 13 Patienten mit präoperativen Risikofaktoren operiert, die in einigen Zentren, die „Zeugen Jehovahs“ herzchirurgisch versorgen, als Kontraindikationen bei diesen Patienten gelten. 9 Patienten aus dieser Gruppe hatten bei einem postoperativen relativen Hämatokritabfall 〈33% einen unkomplizierten postoperativen Verlauf. Bei 4 Patienten mit diesen Risikofaktoren und höherem postoperativen Hämatokritabfall und Drainageverlust waren postoperative Komplikationen zu beobachten. Die hochdosierte präoperative rhEPO-Gabe zur Hämatokriterhöhung ist bei Patienten mit einem präoperativen Hämatokrit 〈45 Vol.-% eine Möglichkeit, den perioperativen Blutverlust zu kompensieren. Somit könnten Komplikationen, beruhend auf einer verringerten Sauerstofftransportkapazität, bei „Zeugen Jehovahs“ vermieden werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 241-245 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Erythropoietin ; Stability ; Radioimmunoassay ; Polycythemic mouse bioassay ; Recombinant DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Radioimmunoassays for erythropoietin are limited so far to a few specialized laboratories and this requires transport and storage of samples. We therefore tested the stability of immunoreactive erythropoietin in serum and plasma samples obtained from a uremic and a nonuremic anemic patient. No significant change in the concentration of immunoreactive erythropoietin was found in either serum or plasma samples for up to 14 days of storage. This type of stability was observed no matter whether the samples were stored at room temperature, 4° C, or −20° C. There was no difference between the estimates of erythropoietin in serum and heparinized plasma. Validity of the radioimmunoassay used in this study was demonstrated by parallelism of dilution curves of test specimens and the 2nd International Reference Preparation for erythropoietin and by a close correlation between the immunoreactivity and the bioactivity of the hormone, as assessed in the same samples by the exhypoxic polycythemic mouse bioassay. In conclusion the data obtained clearly indicate that the necessity of storage and transport of clinical samples does not limit the practicability of the radioimmunoassay for erythropoietin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 86 (1978), S. 1007-1010 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: erythropoietin ; erythropoiesis inhibitor ; hypoxic neonates (neonates with transposition of the major arteries) ; polycythemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Erythropoietin and erythropoiesis inhibitor were studied in 22 healthy neonates and 31 neonates with transposition of the major arteries (TMA) using polycythemic mice as the model. Erythropoietin could not be detected in the plasma or urine of healthy neonates aged 5–7 days, but erythropoiesis inhibitor was found during this period. The erythropoietin level was raised in neonates with TMA until the 14th day, and lowered from the 14th to the 56th day. In concentrates of the 24-hourly urine sample from neonates with hypoxia aged 3–4 weeks erythropoiesis inhibitor also was found. The role of erythropoiesis inhibitor as a physiological regulator appearing in the blood of healthy neonates and neonates with hypoxia in the normalization of erythropoiesis during the first weeks after birth is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 236-240 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Recombinant human erythropoietin ; Stem cells ; Megakaryopoiesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo), now available, might become increasingly more important for clinical use, e.g., in the treatment of anemia of chronic renal failure. As a prerequisite of clinical trials, we analyzed the stimulatory and suppressive effects of rhEpo on human hemopoiesis by adding rhEpo to in vitro cultures of nonadherent low-density bone marrow cells obtained from normal persons and from patients undergoing hemodialysis for chronic renal failure. rhEpo was shown to be an effective stimulus for erythroid and multilineage colony formation. The dose-response curve was similar for erythroid progenitors BFU-E from normal controls and patients with chronic renal failure. rhEpo had no effect on megakaryocytic colony formation nor on the megakaryocytic differentiation of multilineage stem cells. Because of a good stimulatory activity on erythroid and multilineage stem cells and lack of toxic effects, rhEpo might be useful in the treatment of certain kinds of anemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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