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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twenty-five year mortality from coronary heart disease and its prediction in two Croatian cohorts of middle-aged men (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 11 (1995), S. 259-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Coronary heart disease ; Mortality ; Prediction ; Risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two cohorts of men aged 40–59 in geographically defined areas of Croatia, former Yugoslavia, were enrolled in 1958 and cardiovascular risk factors were measured. The cohort of Dalmatia, on the Adriatic coast, was made up of 671 men (participation rate 98%), that of Slavonia, in the inland plain, of 696 men (participation rate 91%). Similar examinations were repeated 5 and 10 years after the entry one. A complete follow-up for vital status and causes of death was run for 25 years. Death rates in 25 year from coronary heart disease (CHD) were 90 per 1000 in Dalmatia and 148 per 1000 in Slavonia where also all other major causes of death and all-cause mortality rates were higher (642 vs 465 per 1000 in 25 years). Univariate and multivariate analysis relating ten risk factors to CHD mortality, showed that age and systolic blood pressure were significant predictors in Dalmatia; age, subscapular skinfold and body mass index (inverse) in Slavonia; and age, systolic blood pressure and subscapular skinfold in a multivariate model with lumped cohorts, where dummy variables identifying cohorts indicated a large unexplained extra-risk in Slavonia. In the pooled analysis cigarette smoking and serum cholesterol carried non significant coefficients. Blood pressure change in the first 10 years of follow-up added predictivity to a model exploring the delayed CHD morality occurring between year 10 and 25 of follow-up. Among the base-line mea surements only serum cholesterol was significantly different between the two groups (188 mg/dl in Dalmatia and 199 mg/dl in Slavonia). The method for covariance adjustment of rates based on the logistic regression was able to explain only 9% of the difference in CHD mortality between the two cohorts using the available risk factors. Dietary habits, measured only on subsamples, add some explanation in CHD mortality difference between the two cohorts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01719429
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inter-cohort differences in coronary heart disease mortality in the 25-year follow-up of the seven countries study (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 9 (1993), S. 527-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Coronary heart disease ; Risk factors ; Population comparison
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sixteen cohorts of men aged 40–59 years at entry were examined with the measurement of some risk factors and then followed-up for mortality and causes of death for 25 years. These cohorts were located in the USA (1 cohort), Finland (2), the Netherlands (1), Italy (3), the former Yugoslavia (5), Greece (2), and Japan (2), and included a total of 12,763 subjects. Large differences in age-adjusted coronary heart disease (CHD) death rates were found, with extremes of 45 per 1000 in 25 years in Tanushimaru, Japan, to 288 per 1000 in 25 years in East Finland. In general, higher rates were found in the US and Northern European cohorts as compared to the Southern European and Japanese cohorts. However, during the last 10 years of follow-up large increases of CHD death rates were found in some Yugoslavian areas. Out of 5 measured entry characteristics treated as age-adjusted levels (serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking, body mass index and physical activity at work), only serum cholesterol was significant in explaining cohort differences in CHD death rates. Over 50% of the variance in CHD death rates in 25 years was accounted for by the difference in mean serum cholesterol. This association tended to decline with increasing length of follow-up, but this was due to the great changes in mean serum cholesterol in the two Jugoslavian cohorts of Velika Krsna and Zrenjanin. When these two cohorts were excluded the association increased with time. Changes in mean serum cholesterol between year 0 and 10 helped in explaining differences in CHD death rates from year 10 onward. It can be concluded that this study suggests that mean serum cholesterol is the major risk factor in explaining cross-cultural differences in CHD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209531
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coronary heart disease prevention: Relationship between socio-economic status and knowledge, motivation and behaviour in a free-living male, adult population (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 7 (1991), S. 166-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Social classes ; Coronary heart disease ; Prevention ; Behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A questionnaire concerning knowledge, motivation and behaviour connected with coronary heart disease (CHD) prevention was administered to 6074 men aged 46 yrs, residents of Rome. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate whether differences exsisted between three socio-economic (SE) classes arbitrarily defined as medium-high (MH), intermediate (I), and medium-low (ML). Knowledge on CHD and its prevention was more satisfactory in the MH class than in the ML class. The same was observed for attitudes toward prevention (the NM class demonstrated more attention to prevention than ML class). Data were less straightforward for behaviour, which seemed to be dependent on both economic status and education. In fact the MH class claimed to smoke less than ML class, to spend more leisure time in physical activity and to check blood pressure and serum cholesterol more often. Their diets, however, were more expensive and rich than those of the ML class. By contrast the ML class, when compared to MH class, seemed to drink more alcoholic beverages and to be heavier, but they walked more and their diet resembled more closely the Mediterranean one. Altogether, in this study population, the highest social class seemed to be associated with better behaviours toward CHD prevention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237361
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mean levels and distribution of some risk factors for atherosclerosis in Sardinia: The ATS-Sardegna survey (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 7 (1991), S. 39-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Atherosclerosis ; Blood pressure ; Cholesterol ; Lipoproteins ; Smoking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Six population samples of randomly chosen men and women aged 20–59 years in the four provinces of the island of Sardinia, for a total of 5,697 individuals (overall partecipation 55%), were examined to determine the mean levels and distribution of some risk factors for atherosclerosis. A remarkable uniformity of such levels, with some minor exceptions, was found throughout the island. The overall, age-standardized mean levels for the factors considered are as follows (men and women, respectively): total cholesterol (TC) (mg/dl) 204 and 196; LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) (mg/dl) 131 and 125; apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (mg/dl) (five out of six areas) 112 and 104; HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) (mg/dl) 48 and 53; triglyceride (TG) (mg/dl) 117 and 89; systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 129 and 128; diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 81 and 80; body mass index (BMI) [kg/(m)2] 26 and 25; prevalence of smokers (%) 48 and 15; cigarettes per day among smokers 19 and 11. A regular increase with increasing age exists for TC, LDL-C, ApoB, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and BMI. Compared to the results of a previous survey eight years earlier, an unfavorable trend is in progress, particularly for TC levels in both sexes and smoking among women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221340
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prediction of future health in healthy middle-aged men (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 2 (1986), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Risk factors ; Health prediction ; Multivariate analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two cohorts of men aged 49–59 at entry, representing cluster samples of two rural areas in Northern and Central Italy, for a total of 1712 subjects have been followed-up for 20 years within an epidemiological study originally designed for cardiovascular disease. After 20 years, only 41 men have been judged to have remained substancially healthy throughout the observation period, i.e. free from a number of major diseases. Univariate and multivariate analyses trying to predict the maintenance of health status showed that among 21 selected characteristics only the following one had a significant power: age, cigarette smoking (adverse effect) and vital capacity( favourable effect). A minor role was also played by the body mass index (adverse effect) and forced expiratory volume (favourable effect). Those who did not remain healthy exibited a greater increase in blood pressure and body mass index.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211537
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