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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 4 (1965), S. 476-490 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Electronmicroscopical examination of the cerebral cortex of a typical case of gargoylism shows numerous abnormal corpuscles in the nerve cells as well as in the pericytes and the adventitial cells. The corpuscles within the nerve cells are characterized by stratification due to transverse osmiophilic layers: ranging from mitochondrion- or lysosome-like structures to monstrous conglomerates. Besides these, there are also corpuscles of concentric structure. Contrasting to this is the low electron density and the homogeneous or fine granular appearance of the vacuoles in the pericytes and in the adventitial cells. These findings confirm and add to the already known histopathological and chemical data of this disease. The nature of the abnormal substances and their interrelations are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung der Hirnrinde eines typischen Gargoylismus0Falles ergibt massenhaftes Auftreten von abnormen Körperchen sowohl in den Nervenzellen als auch in den Pericyten und Adventitialzellen. Die Körperchen in den Nervenzellen sind hauptsächlich durch den querlamellär geschichteten osmiophilen Aufbau von der mitochondrien- oder lysosomen-ähnlichen Natur bis zur monströsen Konglomeratbildung charakterisiert. Nebenbei finden sich auch Körper mit konzentrischer Struktur. Im Kontrast hierzu stehen die niedrige Elektronendichte und das homogene oder fein granuläre Aussehen der Vacuolen in den Pericyten und Adventitialzellen. Die Befunde können die bisherigen histopathologischen und chemischen Kenntnisse über diese Krankheit bestätigen und teilweise verfeinern. Dazu werden Bemerkungen über die Natur der abnormen Substanzen und ihre wechselseitige Beziehung gemacht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 117 (1992), S. 66-69 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Abducens nerve ; extraocular muscles ; intra-operative monitoring ; nerve injury ; oculomotor nerve ; skull base surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A ring-shaped electrode was developed and used in 20 patients to record evoked electromyographic responses directly from the extraocular muscles during skull base surgery. Intra-operative monitoring with this electrode helps the surgeon to localize the nerves that innervate the extraocular muscles precisely and to refrain from disturbing important neural structures during operations. Such monitoring also provides some insight into the pathophysiology of the dysfunction of these nerves resulting from skull base lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Non-ionic contrast media ; water soluble contrast media ; ventriculography ; cisternography ; myelography ; DIG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A non-ionic water soluble contrast medium, 3-Deoxy-3-Iodo-d-Glucose (DIG), was experimentally evaluated for use in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space, and compared with other contrast media. Two ml (180 mgI/ml) of DIG were injected either intraventricularly or intracisternally in 15 adult mongrel dogs (average weight: 6.4 kg), and X-ray photographic, CSF, EEG, and histological studies were then performed. Additional tests were made on four beagle dogs (average weight: 9.8 kg), focussing particularly on changes in cell count and protein in the CSF following alternate intracisternal injections of 2 ml (170 mgI/ml) of DIG and metrizamide (Amipaque®), and on epileptogenicity following intracisternal injection of 3 ml (300 mgI/ml)of DIG. That DIG provides adequate definition was demonstrated both by the ventriculograms and cisternograms, and by comparison with metrizamide. Neither epileptic discharges in the EEG nor epileptic symptoms were seen in any of the dogs used in the studies. In the CSF drawn 24 hours after the injection, protein tended to increase moderately with DIG, but pleocytosis was mild with both media. Histological studies of the central nervous system structures around the cisterna magna revealed no definite abnormal findings. Neither fibrosis nor arachnoid adhesions were seen in scanning electron microscopic observations of the basal subarachnoid spaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 90 (1988), S. 45-52 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Area cribrosa ; brainstem auditory evoked potentials ; cerebellopontine angle ; cochlear nerve ; hearing preservation ; internal auditory artery ; cerebellar retraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cerebellar retractions were performed in the cerebellopontine (CP) angle of rhesus monkeys to study the relationship between changes in brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and/or compound action potentials (CAP) from the cochlear nerve, and morphological changes in the cochlear nerve in order to investigate the nature of cochlear nerve injuries caused by this surgical procedure. The changes in the BAEP and/or CAP from the cochlear nerve that were seen during cerebellar retraction were similar to those seen in human patients during operation. After completion of each experiment the temporal bones were prepared for histological examination. Hemorrhages often developed at the fundus of the internal auditory canal as a direct result of cerebellar retraction. These hemorrhages were located at the area cribrosa, where the branches of the internal auditory artery penetrate the cribriform plate. As the hemorrhages appeared to be due to avulsion rupture of these branches, they were considered to be the probable cause of the sudden loss of all the components of the auditory responses. The cochlear nerve fibers, especially those at the basal turn of the cochlea, avulsed simultaneously at the area cribrosa in most cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Acoustic neuroma ; cochlear nerve ; hearing preservation ; nerve injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for intraoperative and postoperative hearing deficits associated with cerebellopontine (CP) angle operations were explored experimentally in dogs. The CP angle operative manipulations performed were the same as those experienced by human patients, and auditory evoked potentials were monitored intraoperatively. As a result of the operative manipulations, petechial or confluent hemorrhages occurred at the compressed portions of the cochlear nerve, and intravascular clots were often observed. Disintegration of the nerve fibers was verified by ultrastructural examination. Moreover, rupture of the microvasculature within the cochlear nerve occurred at locations remote from the operative site, due to stretching of the nerve trunk. The Obersteiner-Redlich zone, the Schwann-glial junction of the cochlear nerve, was a locus minoris resistentiae in CP angle surgery; the vasa nervorum easily bled at this zone and the peripheral and central myelins easily separated at their junctional zones (“central” avulsion injury). Intracochlear hemorrhages were identified as the most probable cause of the sudden loss of all components of the auditory evoked potentials, a frequent predictor of postoperative hearing loss, although rupture, occlusion, or vasospasm of the main trunk of the internal auditory artery have also been implicated as possible causes of such hearing losses. The results of this study show that hearing preservation is highly dependent on preserving not only the nerve at the operative site but also the remote O-R zone and intracochlear structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 113 (1991), S. 166-170 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: 11-dehydro-TXB2 ; TXB2, 6-keto-1α ; subarachnoid haemorrhage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Changes of plasma thromboxane level in subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) were studied clinically and experimentally using 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (11 DTX) as a measuring index. 11 DTX is a major long-lived metabolite formed from thromboxane (TX) B2, and is said to be a more reliable parameter for detecting TXA2 production in biological systems. In this clinical study, blood was sampled from the cubital vein of 10 SAH patients on the earliest possible day (day 0 or 1), during the vasospasm predilection period (day 7∼11) and in the chronic stage (day 16∼32). Plasma concentrations of 11 DTX and 6-keto-1α were measured in clinical cases. A canine SAH model was produced by the two haemorrhage methods and blood was sampled from the superior sagittal sinus before and on day 4 of the first cisternal blood injection. 11 DTX, TXB2 and platelet function were examined in each sample. In the clinical studies, plasma 11 DTX levels tended to be higher in the early stage of SAH but decreased thereafter to the normal or lower level. Plasma concentrations of 6-keto-α tended to decrease mildly during the vasospasm predilection period. In the experimental study, neither definite change of plasma 11 DTX level nor neurological deficit could be induced by the mimic SAH, while an increase in platelet aggregability and narrowing of the basilar artery were observed. 11 DTX was inferred to be a more reliable parameter of TX biosynthesis than TXB2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 135 (1995), S. 201-202 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Aneurysm ; clipping ; flexible ; forceps ; clip applier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A flexible aneurysm clip applier with a small spindle-shaped head was manufactured. It is useful for aneurysmal clipping through a narrow space and the clip can be set in various directions due to its flexibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 100 (1989), S. 87-88 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Brain spatula w]brain retractor ; self-retaining retractor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A flexible copper spatula, usually used by us as retractor in brain surgery, was easily converted to be come self-retaining without any other apparatus, by a simple minor modification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 102 (1990), S. 108-113 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Vestibular nerve ; facial nerve ; nerve injury ; avulsion injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To elucidate how surgery in the cerebellopontine (CP) angle may cause vestibular and facial nerve injury, the 7th and 8th cranial nerves of dogs were manipulated as in human surgery along with monitoring of auditory evoked brain stem responses. Postoperatively, histological examinations were performed to investigate the effect of the surgical manipulations. We found that the occurrence of vestibular, facial and cochlear nerve injury was dependent on the direction of theexcessive movement of the nerves in the cerebellopontine (CP) angle. Caudal-to-rostral shift of the nerve trunk most effectively avulsed the vestibular nerve. Haemorrhages were revealed between the vestibular ganglion and the fundus of the internal auditory canal. This caudal-to-rostral retraction could also damage the facial nerve in its intrapetrous labyrinthine portion. This was likely to be one of the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for postoperative facial nerve palsy occasionally observed in human cases. Rostral-to-caudal retraction of the cerebellum damaged the cochlear nerve selectively. Although caudal-to-rostral retraction, instead of lateral-to-medial one, has been recommended to protect the cochlear nerve, this retraction was shown to be dangerous to the vestibular nerve if excessive. The clinical significance of the fragility of the vestibular nerve was discussed and the importance of preserving the vestibular nerve function is stressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 367 (1974), S. 32-38 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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