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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charge distribution in Teflon FEP (fluoroethylenepropylene) negatively corona-charged to high potentials (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 2280-2284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The charge distribution in negatively corona-charged Teflon FEP (fluoroethylenepropylene) films was investigated with the laser-induced pressure-pulse method. The 12.7- and 25.4-μm samples were charged to potentials up to −2500 and −4500 V, respectively, and thereafter stored at room temperature. Measurements of the charge distribution were taken at time intervals ranging from 1 min to several days after charging. The results indicate that the corona charge is initially trapped at the surface of the samples. A negative bulk charge which is nonuniformly distributed over the entire volume with a density of ∼1013 e/cm3 is found for samples kept at the highest voltages for periods of the order of hours. Within the resolution of the method, a spatial broadening of the surface-charge layer is not observed. These findings suggest that in highly surface-charged samples shallow-trapped holes in the bulk of the material, which compensate deeply trapped electrons, drift to the charged surface and thus cause the observed net-negative charge in the bulk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351127
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-beam poling of piezoelectric polymer electrets (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 1429-1432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Irradiation with a monoenergetic electron beam is demonstrated as a poling technique for piezoelectric polymer electrets. Poling-current measurements during electron irradiation indicate a ferroelectric polarization of typically about 0.1 C/m2. The generated nonuniform polarization profiles are probed by means of laser-induced pressure pulses. It is found that the thickness of the unpoled sample volume is proportional to the 1.5th power of the electron energy used. The proposed method thus allows the fabrication of polymer electrets with a polarization zone of predetermined thickness for, e.g., application in flexure-mode devices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339648
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bending piezoelectricity in monomorph polymer films (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 3643-3646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Studies with laser-induced pressure pulses show the existence of a piezoelectric monomorph polarization in 22–25-μm-thick PVDF films after irradiation with a 30-kV electron beam. The bending piezoelectric stress constant β31 and the tensile piezoelectric strain constant d31 were determined for such monomorph samples. Both β31 and d31 increase with increasing irradiation time and a linear relation between them is found. The highest values of β31 and d31 achieved are 90 nC/m and 3 pC/N, respectively. A theory is presented for a film with a step-shaped distribution of polarization along the thickness. A bending piezoelectric strain constant f31 is defined which relates the electric displacement to the stress gradient along the thickness. It is concluded that β31 is determined by the distribution of d31 and f31.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339243
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optoacoustic generation and electrical detection of subnanosecond acoustic pulses (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 58 (1985), S. 119-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The optoacoustic generation and electrical detection of acoustic pulses of about 0.5-ns duration in quartz and in several polymer materials is demonstrated. The ultrasonic pulses are generated by thermoelastic effects and/or ablation due to absorption of 70-ps laser-light pulses in an opaque coupling layer deposited on one of the sample surfaces. Detection of the acoustic pulses is possible by using electrically charged, piezoelectric, or biased samples which yield electrode signals upon transit of the pulses. The acoustic pulses have also have been used to measure ultrasonic velocity and attenuation in various materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.335712
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical conduction in polyimide films (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 318-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electrical conduction phenomena in polyimide (Kapton) films were studied with particular attention devoted to the separation of interface and bulk phenomena. The measurements were carried out with a variety of methods in the temperature range of 50 to 270 °C at electrical fields of 104 to 6×105 V/cm and at time intervals of up to 2×104 s after voltage application. Biased, two-side metallized samples yield, after sufficiently long voltage application, interface-controlled steady-state currents described by Schottky injection, modified by space-charge layers in the vicinity of the electrodes. The effective work function for aluminum-polyimide is estimated to be 1.7 eV in the temperature range between 100 and 270 °C. A distinct dependence of these currents on electrode material is observed. Bulk phenomena were studied on one-side metallized samples subject to positive-corona charge injection. At temperatures below 200 °C, significantly larger currents than those for biased, two-side metallized samples were observed. The current-voltage characteristics are ohmic at low fields and space-charge limited at high fields. From these data, trap modulated mobilities for positive carriers of 4×10−12 cm2/V s at 50 °C and 10−9 cm2/V s at 200 °C, ohmic bulk conductivities of 10−16 (Ω cm)−1 at 100 °C and 10−14 (Ω cm)−1 at 200 °C and an intrinsic carrier density of 5×1013 cm−3 independent of temperature are obtained. Activation energies for the mobility are between 0.2 and 0.8 eV for the temperature range between 50 and 200 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337646
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electromechanical response of cellular electret films (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 3405-3407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Charged polypropylene films with a cellular structure show pseudopiezoelectric properties. Measurements of the direct and inverse electromechanical transducer constants of such films, relating to the operation as sensors and as actuators, respectively, yield values of (approximate)200 pC/N. These values can be explained with a theoretical model by assuming reasonable charge distributions and charge densities. The experimental and the theoretical results show the reciprocity of the transducer constants. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125308
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermally poled silica glass: Laser induced pressure pulse probe of charge distribution (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 269-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Charge distributions in thermally poled silica glass are mapped by using laser induced pressure pulse technique. The experimental results may be explained through postulating the formation of both real space charge layers and dipole polarization inside the depletion region. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115659
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective poling of nonlinear optical polymer films by means of a monoenergetic electron beam (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 22-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron beams with an energy of 10 keV were employed for selectively poling only the lower part of a typical nonlinear optical guest/host polymer at a temperature of 90 °C. The resulting dipole orientation was examined by means of electro-optical measurements and thermally stimulated depolarization, while the nonuniform charge and polarization profiles were probed with laser-induced pressure pulses and thermal waves. The concept of nonlinear optical frequency conversion with simultaneous mode conversion is described as an example for the advantages of such a selective poling process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110904
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of charge distribution in polymer electrets by a new pressure-pulse method (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1981), S. 109-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The charge distribution in the thickness direction of 10 to 100 μm thick polymer electrets can be determined with a new method utilizing a 〈1 ns laser pulse to launch a pressure pulse in the sample. Propagation of the pressure pulse through the film causes electrode currents which yield the charge distribution. The method has been applied to electron-beam charged PETP and FEP samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256512
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1976)
    Springer
    Applied physics 11 (1976), S. 310-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00897073
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