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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 52 (1999), S. 366-372 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) leached with water or treated with chelating agents to remove metal cations, pasteurised to remove any harmful micro-organisms and mixed with peat has potential as a casing material for mushroom production. The microbial and chemical changes in SMS after treatment with citric acid, ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and water were compared; treatment with the chelating agents resulted in lower ash content, conductivity and minerals, higher fibre fractions, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. The microbial and chemical changes in the materials after treatment with the two chelators and water were compared. Blending peat with the heat-treated materials at a ratio of 1:1 resulted in improved physical properties. The casings prepared from the test materials and the control, consisting of 100% peat, were compared after neutralising with lime for their productivity in a mushroom yield trial. As expected, the compost bags cased with the control were the most productive compared to the other casings. Of the three treated materials, casing prepared from SMS treated with EDTA blended with peat was the most productive. Dry matter of harvested mushrooms from chelated-SMS casings was significantly higher than the control casing. Comparison of the main components of peat and chelated SMS revealed that the major differences were in the proportions of ash, lipid, lignin and fibre fractions. The stability of some of these components, when complexed with metal cations present in lime may play an important role in determining the composition of the cell wall in fruiting bodies leading to high dry matter content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Colonisation assessments confirmed that Trichoderma harzianum biotypes Th1, Th2a, Th2b and Th3 inoculated into two distinct compost types at spawning became established by first flush assessment; the extension rate of two Th2 isolates was over 1000 times that of Th1 and Th3. Results subsequently confirmed that while Th1 and Th3 did not significantly affect yield, Th2 could reduce mushroom quality and productivity by as much as 80%. Analysis of compost type also indicated that the speed and magnitude of T. harzianum colonisation was influenced by key compost characteristics, most notably, moisture, ash content and degree of fermentation. This study has shown that compost parameters which have a positive influence on Agaricus growth and productivity also resulted in increased compost colonisation by T. harzianum. Commercially acceptable yields obtained from uninoculated compost confirmed that production of a high quality, productive substrate does not confer inherent immunity to colonisation by T. harzianum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 33 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Twenty-one spring barley cultivars were tested for their reaction to Pyrenophora teres using three methods of assessment: inoculation of plants grown outdoors, a detached-leaf inoculation assay, and bioassay with P. teres toxins produced in vitro. Dram was the most resistant of the cultivars tested; a number of other cultivars including Goldmarker, Egmont and Georgie were also moderately resistant. Akka and Havila were highly susceptible. Good correlation was obtained between results from the three test methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 25 (1987), S. 542-546 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Among the four strains of Pleurotus tested, hybrid strain A was found to degrade flax shive faster than the other three strains. Strain A produced more polygalacturonase, pectinlyase, cellulase and laccase enzymes than the other three strains of Pleurotus. Maximum activities of laccase and polysaccharide degrading enzymes were correlated with high weight loss, reduction in the yield of lignin and holocellulose and the degree of polymerisation of holocellulose. The addition of crude extract of flax shive on unextracted-shive increased the production of primordia of all the four strains, but it did not increase the degradation of flax shive. Flavonoid type compounds were detected in the crude extract of flax shive and they may be responsible for the increase in the production of mushroom primordia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 26 (1987), S. 358-362 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A mixture of Pectional AC and Ultrazym, and enzyme extracted from cultures of Ceraceomyces sublaevis was the most suitable enzyme preparation for depolymerising non-cellulosic materials present on dew-retted fibre at 45°C. All the enzyme treated roves produced high quality yarns compared with the yarns spun from untreated roves. Fludity of all the yarns spun from enzyme treated roves was low, suggesting that the enzymes have not affected the cellulose fibres. The use of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes for the removal of non-cellulosic material present on flax fibre may be more energy efficient than traditional caustic boil treatment (using NaOH) for removing residual non-cellulosic polysaccharides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 24 (1986), S. 463-467 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The bacteria present on samples of desiccated flax stems were Bacillus mycoides, B. subtilis, Erwinia carotovora, Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. putida and Micrococcus sp. and the fungi present were Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium culmorum, Botrytis cineria, Epicoccum nigrum and yeast. When inoculated on autoclaved stems or in liquid culture, B. subtilis produced mainly pectin-lyase and xylanase. However, only pectin-lyase was detected in significant levels in autoclaved stem sections or in liquid cultures inoculated with E. carotovora. Enhanced pectin-lyase and xylanase levels were detected in field-retted stems sprayed with B. subtilis compared with enzyme levels in stems sprayed with E. carotovora or the control stem tissues. Increases in the fungal population coincided with a reduction in the bacterial population on treated stems at the later part of retting. Enhanced retting was observed in stems sprayed with B. subtilis and consequently the stems produced finer fibres than fibres from E. carotovora-sprayed or control stems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 8 (1986), S. 219-223 
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Application of chemical additives to alter the rate of retting of desiccated flax stems was successful. Treatment with ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and urea increased the rate of retting. Increases, in the population of fungal colonisers were observed on urea-treated stems but not after EDTA treatment. Enhanced PG activities were detected in stems treated with EDTA and maimum PL and xylanase activities were detected in stems treated with urea. Urea treated stems produced relatively finer fibres compared to fibres from EDTA treated stems of controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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