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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of Impregnated Catalysts on Coal Particle Disintegration at Elevated Temperatures (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Energy & fuels 8 (1994), S. 1049-1054 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5029
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef00047a007
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formulation and Antitumor Activity Evaluation of Nanocrystalline Suspensions of Poorly Soluble Anticancer Drugs (1996)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 13 (1996), S. 272-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: anticancer agents ; poorly water soluble agents ; nanoparticles ; etoposide ; camptothecin ; piposulfan and paclitaxel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. Determine if wet milling technology could be used to formulate water insoluble antitumor agents as stabilized nanocrystalline drug suspensions that retain biological effectiveness following intravenous injection. Methods. The versatility of the approach is demonstrated by evaluation of four poorly water soluble chemotherapeutic agents that exhibit diverse chemistries and mechanisms of action. The compounds selected were: piposulfan (alkylating agent), etoposide (topoisomerase II inhibitor), camptothecin (topoisomerase I inhibitor) and paclitaxel (antimitotic agent). The agents were wet milled as a 2% w/v solids suspension containing 1 % w/v surfactant stabilizer using a low energy ball mill. The size , physical stability and efficacy of the nanocrystalline suspensions were evaluated. Results. The data show the feasibility of formulating poorly water soluble anticancer agents as physically stable aqueous nanocrystalline suspensions. The suspensions are physically stable and efficacious following intravenous injection. Conclusions. Wet milling technology is a feasible approach for formulating poorly water soluble chemotherapeutic agents that may offer a number of advantages over a more classical approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016051316815
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A formula for scoring human embryo growth rates in in vitro fertilization: Its value in predicting pregnancy and in comparison with visual estimates of embryo quality (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 3 (1986), S. 284-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: growth rate ; in vitro fertilization (IVF) ; pregnancy prediction ; embryo quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two systems for measuring embryo development in vitro were evaluated. One was a 1–4 scale based on a subjective evaluation of embryo quality (EQ) from microscopic appearance. In addition, a formula for scoring embryo growth rate in vitro was developed. The embryo development rating (EDR) was based on the ratio between the time at which embryos were observed at a particular stage after insemination and the time at which they would be expected to reach that stage in a hypothetical “ideal” growth rate with a cell cycle length of 11.9 hr. Using this scoring system, “normally” growing embryos scored 100. This approach was aimed at partially normalizing the data and allowed all embryos to be analyzed similarly regardless of the time of observation. Analysis of 1539 embryo replacements resulting in 232 clinical pregnancies showed that both EDR and embryo-quality scores were of value in predicting success, with clinical pregnancy most likely to eventuate from a combination of moderate to good EQ scores (2–4) coupled with average or above-average growth rates (EDR scores from 90 to 129). Poor-quality and very slowly or very rapidly growing embryos were underrepresented in cycles that proceeded to pregnancy. These inferences were based on all embryos transferred (mean, 2.73 per transfer cycle), and they were substantiated by an analysis of 33 pregnancies resulting from replacement of a single embryo and from 18 pregnancies in which all embryos scored the same with both systems. EQ and EDR were significantly associated with each other and together provide a valuable guide in predicting pregnancy, in selecting embryos for freezing, and in monitoring day-to-day performance in the in vitro fertilization (IVF) program.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01133388
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of two media in human in vitro fertilization program: Lack of significant differences in pregnancy rate (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 3 (1986), S. 326-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01133394
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Results using medium supplemented with either fresh or frozen stored serum in human in vitro fertilization (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 4 (1987), S. 5-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: human serum ; frozen storage ; in vitro fertilization (IVF)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study retrospectively compared the success of in vitrofertilization (IVF) among patients whose gametes had been incubated either in medium supplemented with freshly prepared pooled serum (331 cases) or in pooled serum which had been stored at −20°C prior to use (728 cases). Frozen stored serum was as effective as fresh serum with regard to the proportion of oocytes which fertilized and embryos which implanted and was not associated with any increased incidence of fetal loss during postimplantation development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01555427
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parthenogenetic activation of unfertilized mouse oocytes by exposure to 1,2-propanediol is influenced by temperature, oocyte age, and cumulus removal (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 24 (1989), S. 269-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: propanediol ; dimethylsulfoxide ; ethanol ; hyaluronidase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cumulus-intact and -denuded unfertilized oocytes from two mouse strains were exposed to 1.5 m ethanol (EtOH) or two cryoproteclant solutions, 1.5 M propanediol (PROH) or 1.5 M dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), for 4.5 min at 27°C, and the proportion of activating or degenerating oocytes studied. Exposure to DMSO did not significantly increase activation above that of oocytes not exposed to DMSO. Treatment of oocytes in PROH resulted in the activation of up to 87% of viable oocytes. This was significantly higher (P 〈01) than in control oocytes and comparable to the rate of activation after treatment with EtOH (59-96% activation). In solutions at 1°C, 47% of control oocytes were activated, which was not significantly different from the rate of activation in EtOH (36%) or PROH (50%) at 1°C. Following treatment with PROH, up to 87% of oocytes degenerated within a period of 6 h in vitro. The age of the oocytes (h post hCG) and the time of cumulus removal with the enzyme hyaluronidase, relative to the time of exposure to the chemicals, influenced the level of degeneration in most groups. Significantly fewer oocytes degenerated when cumulus cells were removed before treatment (0-31%) than when the cumulus was left intact throughout the treatment and 6 h culture period (10-87%). Exposure to PROH at 1°C reduced oocyte degeneration to 5%. We conclude that PROH causes significantly greater losses of oocytes as a result of parthenogenetic activation and degeneration than of exposure to DMSO.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120240304
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organosilicon polymers for lithographic applications (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 1054-1058 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Linear polymers of silicone gums (polysiloxanes) have many attributes that make them attractive for lithographic applications, such as oxidative and thermal stability, good adhesion properties, solubility in common solvents, and resistance to etching in an oxygen plasma. When polysiloxanes are used as the top imaging layer (∼2000Å) in a two-layer resist system, the developed negative siloxane images act as a high resolution etch mask for the oxygen plasma etching of the bottom planarizing polymer layer. Commercially available polysiloxanes have been evaluated for their deep UV sensitivity at 2537Å, and have been found to have very high resolution capabilities (∼0.5μ) and high contrast (γ = 4). The negative images do not swell in the developer, and the line width is therefore independent of development time. The combination of high resolution, sensitivity, and ease of processing make this a simple multilayer system for deep UV and e-beam applications.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231816
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epoxy resins for deep UV lithography (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 907-910 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A negative resist based upon photo-acid initiated cationic polymerization of an epoxy resin (1, 2) was reported in the early eighties with the advent of onium salts (3-5). An efficient acid generating onium salt, triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate (6), absorbs light in the deep UV producing acid upon direct photolysis in this region of the spectrum. The resin component of such a negative resist system must be optically transparent over the exposure wavelengths to obtain vertical image profiles. Another difficulty often encountered with crosslinking negative resists is swelling of the crosslinked matrix during development with organic solvents. This swelling manifests itself in distorted images and/or complete adhesion loss, especially when submicron features are involved. Our goal has been to address these problems and develop an organic developable deep UV resist capable of providing submicron images. Optically transparent commercial resins, styrene-allyl alcohol copolymers, have been converted to glycidyl ethers, thereby providing cationically polymerizable functionalities. Careful choice of the resin was made to obtain reactive ion etch resistance, thermal stability, good adhesion, and coating properties. The synthetic procedure and characterization of the epoxy resin will be presented. The effect of the molecular weight distribution upon swelling during development and general solubility properties also will be discussed. Resist formulations exhibited sensitivities of 19 to 30 mJ/cm2 on a Perkin Elmer 500 in the deep UV (UV2) mode. The electron beam sensitivity is 3 to 5 μC/cm2 at 20 KeV. Submicron images have been generated in both optical and electron beam lithography.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760291405
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