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  • 1
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Spherical beta-tricalcium phosphate (b-TCP) granules synthesized using a unique dropping slurry method expressed good osteoconductivity with prominent bone apposition and bioresorbability when implanted into the rat femur (Gonda et al., Key Eng. Mater. 361-363:1013-1016, 2008). The spherical b-TCP granules were implanted into the bone defect created in the distal end of the right femur of each 8-week-old female Wistar rat. To analyze performance of the spherical b-TCP granules as bone substitute in the bone with reduction in osteogenic potential, the right sciatic neurectomy was performed after implantation and the right hind limb was kept unloaded for 2 weeks before euthanization. Four weeks after implantation, some spherical b-TCP granules with resorption in part were surrounded by newly formed bone. Eight and 12 weeks after implantation, most of the residual b-TCP granules were embedded in newly formed bone, and total volume of the implant and newly formed bone was more than the other portions of the bone or the bone of control animals. Osteoclast activity in the implanted area was also higher than the other portions of the bone or the bone of control animals. Replacement of the intraosseous residual b-TCP granules for bone progressed at 12 weeks after implantation compared to those at 8 weeks after implantation. These data suggested that the spherical b-TCP granules stimulated osteogenesis and osteoclast activity of the unloaded bone
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  To examine the role of T cell subgroups, Th1 and Th2, in the development of periodontitis, the expression of various cytokines was investigated in a mouse model of alveolar bone resorption using in situ hybridization (ISH) with digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotides. When mice received repetitive injections with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide into the gingiva every 48 h, alveolar bone resorption was detectable after the fourth injection, reaching a maximum after the 13th injection. For the best performance of ISH, we first had to choose a decalcification protocol. Among various decalcification protocols, 10% EDTA (4°C, 5–6 days) was the best for 28S rRNA staining. Positive cells for transcripts of interferon-γ (Th1 product) were detected after the fourth injection, reaching a maximum after the tenth injection. A similar pattern was obtained for interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA (Th2 product) and IL-1β, while the positive cell number reached a maximum after the 13th and 10th injections, respectively. The number of IL-4 mRNA (Th2 product)-positive cells remained low till the tenth injection, but increased thereafter. Consequently, we found that the population change from Th1 to Th2 in the inflammation site correlated with the transition from gingivitis to periodontitis, indicating differential roles of T cell subgroups in the development of periodontitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To analyse DNA strand breaks by terminal deoxy(d)-UTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) in calcified tissues including bones and teeth, it is important to decalcify the tissues first. However, the effects of decalcifying reagents on the integrity of DNA are largely unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the usefulness of various decalcifying reagents including 10% EDTA (pH 7.4), 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), 5% formic acid, 5% HCl, 10% nitric acid, Plank–Rychlo's solution, Morse's solution and K-CX solution in TUNEL staining. Mouse maxilla was selected as the experimental system. Apoptotic cells naturally occurring in the epithelium were analysed. Tissues were assessed by soft X-ray imaging to confirm complete decalcification. The time required for decalcification of the tissue was 7 days with 10% EDTA and 2 days with other decalcifiers. Decalcified tissues were stained with Methyl/Green–Pyronine Y or 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole for assessment of DNA integrity. Nuclei of epithelial cells were strongly positive for both dyes after decalcification with 10% EDTA, 5% TCA, Morse's solution and 5% formic acid. The other reagents failed to retain DNA. Our results demonstrated good TUNEL staining of the maxilla treated with 10% EDTA or 5% TCA . Based on the required time for processing and the signal-noise ratio, we recommend 5% TCA as the decalcifying reagent to analyse for DNA strand breaks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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