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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 2 (1962), S. 40-57 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die pathologischen Merkmale der Minamata-Krankheit, einer durch den reichlichen Genuß von Fischen und Muscheln aus der Minamatabucht in Japan verursachten, ungewöhnlichen neurologischen Störung, und darauf bezügliche experimentelle Ergebnisse werden zusammengefaßt. Die Minamata-Krankheit ist eine toxische Encephalopathie, die durch Kleinhirnrindenatrophie vom Körnerzelltyp, den bevorzugten Befall der Calcarina und zu einem geringeren Grad durch degenerative Schädigungen anderer Rindengebiete gekennzeichnet ist. Manchmal sind Läsionen auch an anderen Stellen des Nervensystems zu finden. In anderen Organen treten keine oder nur geringfügige Veränderungen auf, außer gelegentlich Zellverfettung in Leber und Niere, Erosionen der Darmschleimhaut und Hypoplasie des Knochenmarkes. Nicht nur Menschen, sondern auch verschiedene Tiere, die sich von den Meerestieren in der Bucht ernähren, werden von der Krankheit befallen; es wird mit pathologischen Befunden belegt, daß sogar die in der Bucht lebenden Fische erkranken. Chemisch ist bei der Autopsie an Menschen und Tieren eine beträchtliche Menge von Quecksilber in den Organen nachzuweisen. Das Verhältnis des Quecksilbergehaltes im Gehirn zu dem in der Leber und Niere zeigt die Wesenszüge einer organischen Quecksilbervergiftung. Auf experimentellem Wege wird die Minamata-Krankheit durch die Fütterung von Tieren mit Fischen und Muscheln aus der Bucht hervorgerufen. Gleichartige Symptome und pathologische Befunde wurden erzielt, indem Tieren organische Quecksilberverbindungen, besonders Alkylquecksilberverbindungen wie Alkylquecksilbersulfid, verabreicht wurden. Gegenwärtig wird angenommen, daß die Minamata-Krankheit durch den Genuß von Fischen und Muscheln verursacht wird, welche eine unter besonderen Umständen auf eine bis jetzt noch unbekannte Art und Weise entstandene Alkylquecksilberverbindung mit der R-Hg-S-Gruppe enthalten.
    Notes: Summary The pathological features and experimental results of Minamata disease are summarized. This disease is an unusual neurological disorder resulting from eating a large amount of fish and shellfish of Minamata bay in Japan. Minamata disease is a toxic encephalopathy characterized by cerebellar atrophy of granule-cell type, preferential injury of both calcarine regions and degenerative disturbances, to a lesser degree, of other cortical areas. Other parts of the nervous system may occasionally be disturbed. There are little or no remarkable changes in organs other than the nervous system, except for an occasional fatty degeneration of the liver and kidney, erosion in the digestive tract, and hypoplasia of the bone marrow. This disease affects not only human beings, but also various animals eating seafood from the bay, and it is pathologically demonstrated that even fish in the bay can be affected with the disease. Chemically, an appreciable quantity of mercury is demonstrated in organs of the human and animal autopsy cases. The ratio between the mercury content of the brain and that of the liver and kidney reveals a characteristic pattern of organomercury poisoning. Experimentally, Minamata disease is produced by feeding animals with fish and shellfish from the bay. The identical symptoms and pathological findings have been produced by administering to animals some organic mercury compounds, particularly alkyl-mercuric compounds such as alkylmercuric sulfide. At the present stage it is assumed that Minamata disease is caused by eating fish and shellfish containing an alkylmercuric compound with the R-Hg-S-group, which is produced under specific circumstances by yet unknown processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Medial mesodiencephalic junction ; Forel's field H ; Direct synaptic input ; Superior oblique motoneuron ; Inferior oblique motoneuron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study investigated the nature of synaptic inputs from the Forel's field H (FFH) in the medial mesodiencephalic junction to inferior oblique (IO) motoneurons in the oculomotor nucleus and superior oblique (SO) motoneurons in the trochlear nucleus in anesthetized cats, using intracellular recording techniques. Stimulation of the FFH induced monosynaptic EPSPs in IO motoneurons on both sides. Paired stimulation of the ipsilateral FFH and contralateral vestibular nerve substantiated that the FFH-induced EPSPs were caused mainly by direct excitatory fibers from the FFH to IO motoneurons and partly by axon collaterals of excitatory neurons in the vestibular nuclei. Among parts of the FFH, the medial part was most effective for producing the EPSPs. Systematic tracking with the stimulating electrode in and around the FFH revealed that effective sites of stimulation inducing negative field potentials in the IO subdivision of the oculomotor nucleus, identified as extracellular counterparts of the EPSPs in IO motoneurons, were also located in the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, nearby reticular formation and posterior commissure, besides within and near the medial part of the FFH. Areas far rostral, dorsal and ventral to the FFH were ineffective. EPSP-IPSPs or EPSPs were mainly induced in SO motoneurons on both sides by FFH stimulation. Latencies of these EPSPs and IPSPs were close to those of the EPSPs in IO motoneurons, indicating their monosynaptic nature. Effective stimulation sites for inducing these synaptic potentials overlapped those for the EPSPs in IO motoneurons. Based on these results, it was suggested that excitatory and inhibitory premotor neurons directly controlling IO and SO motoneurons were located within and near the medial part of the FFH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vertical fast eye movement ; Omnipause neuron ; Midline pontine tegmentum ; Direct inhibitory projection ; Medium-lead burst neuron ; Forel's field H
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study examines the nature of the efferent projection of omnipause neurons (OPNs) in the midline pontine tegmentum to medium-lead burst neurons (BNs) in the Forel's field H (FFH), both of which exhibit activities related to vertical eye movements, using chronically prepared alert cats. Antidromic spikes of the BNs evoked by oculomotor nucleus stimulation were suppressed by shortly preceding (less than 5 ms) microstimulation within the OPN area including actual recording sites of OPNs. Many OPNs were antidromically activated by microstimulation at recording sites of the BNs. Furthermore, systematic tracking in and around the FFH with the stimulating microelectrode substantiated that the OPNs issued axonal branches within the BN area. These results suggest direct inhibitory projection of OPNs to the BNs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 57-58 (July 1997), p. 37-42 
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects 199 (1988), S. 75-83 
    ISSN: 0165-1161
    Keywords: Bloom syndrome patients ; Cell fusion ; Deoxynucleosides ; Lymphoblastoid B cell lines ; Sister-chromatid exchanges
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 5099-5110 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated in detail the influence of interlayer structures on nonalloyed ohmic contact resistance (ρc), in terms of the crystalline defects and the potential barrier at the interlayer/GaAs interface. The interlayer structures are a graded-band-gap InAs/GaAs strained-layer superlattice (graded SLS), a graded-band-gap InGaAs, and conventional SLSs without graded band gaps. A two-layer transmission line model indicates that the barrier resistance in the interlayer highly depends on the interlayer structure: ≤5×10−8 Ω cm2 for the graded SLS and graded InGaAs interlayers and 10−5–10−6 Ω cm2 for the conventional SLS interlayers. To explain the large dependence of the interlayer structure, first, the density and distribution of the misfit dislocations and stacking faults caused by the large lattice mismatch between InAs and GaAs have been investigated in detail by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. In the graded SLS and conventional SLS interlayers, the influence of the high-density depletion regions spread near the crystalline defects is found to be negligible because of the high doping concentrations (∼1019 cm−3) in the interlayers. Second, the potential barrier at the interlayer/GaAs interface has been investigated by simulating the barrier resistance. The potential barrier profile is calculated self-consistently with Poisson's equation and the Schrödinger equation. Tunneling current through the barrier is analyzed using the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation or the numerical wave solution to the Schrödinger equation. The graded SLS interlayer has the effectively smooth conduction band profile without the barriers, which is similar to that of the graded InGaAs interlayer, because of its short period SLS. In the conventional SLS interlayers, the reasonable barrier heights of 0.14–0.26 eV obtained by this simulation indicates that these barriers are the dominant factor which increases the contact resistances. For the low-resistance nonalloyed ohmic contact, therefore, a smooth conduction band profile without band discontinuity is more predominant than the reduction in the crystalline defect density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 97 (1992), S. 9138-9143 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In an ion beam study of the luminescent charge-transfer reaction F+(3P0,1,2)+CO(X 1Σ+)→F(2P1/2,3/2) +CO+(A 2Π1/2,3/2), the product CO+(A) emission spectra have been examined at a collision energy of 11.9 eVCM, using high (∼1 A(ring) FWHM) optical resolution. For the near-resonant vibrational level v'=5, the 2Π3/2 S/O component of CO+(A) was found to be formed with an excess population of ∼40% relative to the 2Π1/2 component. Lower-resolution data show a similar enhancement of 2Π3/2 also for the v'=6 level, but not for v'=4 and 3. This can be rationalized in terms of recent ab initio calculations. Also in accordance with these calculations, the product rotational excitation was found to be very low in the v'=5 level. The best-fit rotational "temperature'' is for this level actually less than the target gas temperature, a common artifact in collisional processes with small angular momentum transfer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Cell Research 164 (1986), S. 163-173 
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 50 (1990), S. 175-187 
    ISSN: 0165-4608
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research Letters 122 (1983), S. 223-228 
    ISSN: 0165-7992
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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