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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stream response to subsidence from underground coal mining in central Utah (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 39 (2000), S. 279-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Longwall mining ; Channel morphology ; Landslides ; Aquatic habitat ; Wasatch Plateau
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Short-term geomorphic and hydrologic effects of subsidence induced by longwall mining under Burnout Creek, Utah were evaluated. During the year after longwall mining, 0.3–1.5 m of subsidence was measured near impacted reaches of the mountain stream channel. The major channel changes that occurred in a 700-m reach of Burnout Creek that was subsided from 1992 to 1993 were: (1) increase in lengths of cascades and to a lesser extent glides; (2) increases in pool length, numbers and volumes; (3) increase in median particle diameter of bed sediment in pools; and (4) some constriction in channel geometry. Most of the changes appeared short-lived, with channel recovery approaching pre-mining conditions by 1994. In a 300-m reach of the South Fork that was subsided from 1993 to 1994, only channel constriction was observed, although any impacts on pool morphology may have been confounded by heavy grazing in the riparian reaches during the dry summer of 1994. Similar near-channel sedimentation and loss of pool volume between 1993 and 1994 were noted throughout Burnout Creek and in adjacent, unmined James Creek. Subsidence during the 3-year period had no effect on baseflows or near-channel landslides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050007
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subsidence and rock creep in a cross-valley fill (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 24 (1994), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Mine dump stability ; Subsidence ; Creep ; Pore water pressure ; Phosphate mines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Cross-valley fills composed cf waste rock from mining operations pose environmental concerns related to their long-term stability. A large (2.06×107 m3) phosphate waste dump in southeastern Idaho was monitored from 1981 to 1988 for subsidence and horizontal displacement in conjunction with different surficial rock types and long-term precipitation patterns. Most of the 19 surveyed benchmarks on the dump face moved in the northeast direction during the 7-yr study period, roughly the same orientation as the aspect of the fill face. Average vertical subsidence rate decreased exponentially with time from a high of 0.15 m/yr in 1981–1982 to a fairly stable level of 0.008 m/yr by 1988. Net displacement similarly decreased from 0.19 m/yr shortly after dump construction to 0.023 m/yr by 1988. Both subsidence and net displacement were initially higher in the shale cap on the west side of the chert-filled dump; however, by 1986–1988 subsidence and displacement rates were actually lower in the shale material. Subsidence and net displacement appeared unaffected by temporal precipitation patterns; both subsidence and net displacement rates declined significantly during the very wet snowmelt seasons of 1983 and 1984. The temporal patterns of movement at the dump site suggest that the breakdown of the rock (especially shale) occurs primarily during the first 1.5 yr following dump construction. Periodic saturation of the upper 6 m of spoil occurred in nine of 60 neutron access tubes, normally during the spring snowmelt seasons. Saturation occurred at depths ≥1.8 m and is thought to be associated with uneven compaction or heterogeneities in the fill. Overall, the dump appeared to be internally well drained with rates of rock creep unaffected by seasonal water inputs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00766885
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BEDLOAD TRANSPORT IN A POOL-RIFFLE SEQUENCE OF A COASTAL ALASKA STREAM (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A Helley-Smith pressure differential bedload sampler was used to measure bedload transport at consecutive riffle sections of a riffle-pool-riffle sequence on Bambi Creek, a small (154 ha), second-order stream on Chichagof Island, Alaska, during four storms over a 2-year period. Maximum bedload transport rate measured was 4920 kg/h at a streamflow of 2.35 m3/s corresponding to a storm having a 5-year return interval. Transport of larger sediment (〉 8 mm) varied systematically with streamflow at the two sampling locations. At flows up to approximately bankfull, transport of large sediment was greatest at the upstream site; at flows above bankfull, transport of large sediment was greatest at the downstream site. The net import of large sediment to the pool during moderate stormflows and net export of large sediment from the pool during flows above bankfull may be related to a “convergence” or “reversal” of competence between the upstream riffle and subsequent pool at flows approximating bankfull stage. Cross-sections monitored within the study reach indicate that stormflows resulted in net filling of the riffle sections and net scour of the pool; periods of low streamflow resulted in net scour of the riffles and net filling of the pooL
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05373.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aqueous release of heavy metals from two sewage sludges (1977)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 8 (1977), S. 453-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Two anaerobically digested sewage sludges, one of relatively low and the other of relatively high heavy metal content, were extracted several times with water to determine the levels of Cu, Zn, and Cd that would be readily available for transport in the soil water if these sludges were applied to land. Generally, the quantity of metal released in the aqueous extracts was between 1 to 7% of the total content with Cu and Zn being released to a greater extent than Cd. The porportion of relatively mobile, non-cationic heavy metals in the aqueous extract differed in the two sludges and ranged from 〈 1% for Zn and Cd in one sludge to 56.2% for Cd in the other sludge.[/P ]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228659
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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