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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and immunoreactivity of cerebral micro-hamartomas in bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis (neurofibromatosis 2) (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 137-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurofibromatosis 2 ; Bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis ; Ghal hamartomas ; Immunohistochemistry ; S-100 protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis (neurofibromatosis 2, NF2) accounts for less than 10% of all cases of neurofibromatosis and manifests itself with bilateral acoustic schwannomas, multiple schwannomas of spinal nerve roots, meningiomas, glial tumors and hamartomatous CNS lesions. We have observed dysplastic foci of immature neuroectodermal cells in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia of six patients afflicted with neurofibromatosis 2, ranging from occasional clusters of immature, dysplastic cells to numerous, confluent lesions. These cells, although often polymorphic and multinuclear did not show mitotic acitivity or a tendency for neoplastic transformation. To determine the histogenesis of these foci, extensive immunocytochemical reactions were carried out with antibodies to a variety of glial, neuronal and nonneural cell lineages. With the exception of S-100 protein, no immunoreactivity was detectable. S-100 was consistently expressed in these foci, irrespective of their size, location, and degree of polymorphism. On the basis of cytological appearance, distribution and immunoreactivity we tentatively designate these foci as glial micro-hamartomas. Although we did not systematically analyze the CNS of patients with von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (neurofibromatosis 1, NF1), the present study strongly suggests that these micro-hamartomas constitute a morphological hallmark of bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis (NF2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294370
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclic variation pattern of cerebral blood flow velocity and postconceptional age (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 751-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Autoregulation ; Cerebral blood flow velocity ; Doppler ; Newborn ; Nonlinear control theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In preterm neonates, the risk for intracerebral haemorrhage is linked to immaturity of cerebral autoregulation. The preterm's 2–5/min cyclic variation pattern of cerebral blood flow velocity is thought to reflect the degree of immaturity of autoregulation — a speculation to be tested. In a cross-sectional study 15 infants (gestational age 26–40 weeks, postconceptional age (PCA) 26–42 weeks, age 1–99 days were investigated. We performed a 10 min pulsed Doppler tracing on an internal carotid artery by means of a computer controlled 5 MHz Duplex device. Systolic velocity (Vs) was recorded pulse by pulse. After appropriate data transformation, in all infants the Fast Fourier Transform of the time course of Vs revealed the presence of a 2–5/min cyclic variation pattern (one sample z-test,P〈0.0001). There was no significant correlation between proportionate spectral power of the 2–5/min frequency band and either PCA (r=0.23,P=0.42) or age (r=0.41,P=0.13). Between 26 and 42 weeks PCA, the cycling phenomenon is constant thus not reflecting cerebral maturation, and its presence does not mean immaturity of cerebral autoregulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01954493
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of aminophylline on cerebral haemodynamics and oxidative metabolism in premature infants (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words: Aminophylline – Cerebral blood volume – Cytochrome c oxidase – Near infrared spectroscopy – Newborn infant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The effect of aminophylline on cerebral blood volume and oxidative metabolism in newborn infants was investigated with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Thirteen mechanically ventilated premature infants who received aminophylline to facilitate weaning from the respirator were selected. Gestational age ranged between 26 and 34 weeks, postnatal age between 1 and 7 days and birth weight between 760 and 2300 g. A bolus of 6 mg aminophylline/kg body weight was infused within 2 min. NIRS was performed continuously across the head to monitor changes in cerebral blood volume and cytochrome c oxidase. Heart rate, transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (tcpCO2) and arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2) were recorded simultaneously. The infusion of aminophylline was associated with an increase in heart rate (median 12, interquartile range 5 – 20 beats per min, P=0.0004) and a drop in tcpCO2 (median −0.4, interquartile range −0.1 to −0.5 kPa, P=0.015). Oxygen saturation remained stable (±3%). A decrease in cerebral blood volume was measured with NIRS in 9/13 patients (median −0.15 ml/100 g brain tissue, interquartile range +0.08 to −0.28, P=0.10). Oxidized cytochrome c oxidase decreased in 11/13 patients (median −0.27 µmol/l, interquartile range −0.19 to −0.44, P=0.01). Our findings demonstrate an immediate step-response of heart rate and tcpCO2 to aminophylline in premature infants. The simultaneous reduction of cytochrome c oxidase in the brain cannot be explained as a consequence of changes in tcpCO2 or changes in cerebral blood volume. We therefore speculate that aminophylline interferes directly with cerebral metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01959223
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of bladder and bowel control: significance of prematurity, perinatal risk factors, psychomotor development and gender (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 115-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Bladder and bowel control ; Toilet-training ; Prematurity ; Psychomotor development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Development of bladder and bowel control from 6 months to 6 years was investigated in 140 preterm children and a control group of 349 healthy term children. Structured parental interviews and neurodevelopmental assessments were carried out when the child was 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months, and at yearly intervals thereafter. Even though preterm children were put on the potty at significantly earlier ages and significantly more frequently than term children, they expressed their need for evacuation and attained day and night bladder and bowel control at the same corrected age as term children. Initiation and intensity of toilet-training were not significantly correlated with the development of bladder and bowel control. Gestational age, being too small for gestational age, adverse perinatal conditions and mild to moderate neurological impairment did not affect the occurrence of the child's initiative and the development of bladder and bowel control. Neither developmental and intelligence quotients at the age of 1 to 3 years nor the socioeconomic status of the families influenced the age at which the child became clean and dry. Girls were significantly more advanced in expressing their needs and gaining bladder and bowel control than boys in both the preterm and term groups. Conclusion Development of bladder and bowel control is largely a maturational process which cannot be accelerated by an early onset or a high intensity of training. It is not affected by prematurity, adverse perinatal events or mild to moderate neurological impairment, nor is it related to psychomotor development or actual Swiss socioeconomic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310051030
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral blood flow and neurological outcome in the preterm infant (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 138-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Cerebral blood flow ; Preterm infants ; Neurological outcome ; Brain development ; 133Xenon method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cerebral blood flow (CBF) studies have provided some insight into pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral damage in newborn children; their value in predicting brain damage, however, remains elusive. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the role of CBF measurements in predicting developmental outcome in preterm neonates at 18 months. Preterm babies with a gestational age of less than 34 weeks and a birth weight of less than 1500 g (n = 71) were enrolled in the study. CBF was measured by the nonivasive intravenous 133Xe method on three different occasions. We classified our measurements into three groups: depending on the time when performed group 1: between 2 and 36 h (n = 52); group 2: between 36 and 108 h (n = 44); group 3: between 108 and 240 h (n = 41). At the age of 18 months neurodevelopment testing was performed according to the Bayley mental and motor scales. Surviving infants had a higher mean CBF over the three groups than non surviving children (15.2 ± 3.5 ml/100 g brain tissue/min vs 13.0 ± 2.1 ml/100 g brain tissue/min, P 〈 0.05). There was no correlation of CBF with mental or motor development in our study population in either of the three groups. Conclusion In preterm infants basal CBF is higher in surviving than in non surviving infants, but there is no correlation of resting CBF and later neurological outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310051034
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of aminophylline on cerebral haemodynamics and oxidative metabolism in premature infants (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Aminophylline ; Cerebral blood volume ; Cytochrome c oxidase ; Near infrared spectroscopy ; Newborn infant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of aminophylline on cerebral blood volume and oxidative metabolism in newborn infants was investigated with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Thirteen mechanically ventilated premature infants who received aminophylline to facilitate weaning from the respirator were selected. Gestational age ranged between 26 and 34 weeks, postnatal age between 1 and 7 days and birth weight between 760 and 2300 g. A bolus of 6 mg aminophylline/kg body weight was infused within 2 min. NIRS was performed continuously across the head to monitor changes in cerebral blood volume and cytochrome c oxidase. Heart rate, transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (tcpCO2) and arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2) were recorded simultaneously. The infusion of aminophylline was associated with an increase in heart rate (median 12, interquartile range 5–20 beats per min,P=0.0004) and a drop in tcpCO2 (median −0.4, interquartile range −0.1 to −0.5 kPa,P=0.015). Oxygen saturation remained stable (±3%). A decrease in cerebral blood volume was measured with NIRS in 9/13 patients (median −0.15 ml/100g brain tissue, interquartile range +0.08 to −0.28,P=0.10). Oxidized cytochrome c oxidase decreased in 11/13 patients (median −0.27 μmol/l, interquartile range −0.19 to −0.44,P=0.01). Our findings demonstrate an immediate step-response of heart rate and tcpCO2 to aminophylline in premature infants. The simultaneous reduction of cytochrome c oxidase in the brain cannot be explained as a consequence of changes in tcpCO2 or changes in cerebral blood volume. We therefore speculate that aminophylline interferes directly with cerebral metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01959223
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frühkindliche Hirnschäden: Zumeist nicht intrapartal. Zur Ätiologie geistiger und neurologischer Behinderungen* (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 256 (1995), S. S71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. Mäßige und schwere geistige und neurologische Behinderungen lassen sich nur bei 15% aller betroffenen Kinder auf perinatale Komplikationen zurückführen. Die Mehrzahl der Behinderungen sind pränatalen Ursprungs. Nur wenige Prozent sind durch postnatale Ereignisse wie Verletzungen oder Infektionen des Zentralnervensystems bedingt. Ein erheblicher Prozentsatz der geistigen und neurologischen Behinderungen, v.a. diejenigen leichten und mäßigen Schweregrads, können mit dem heutigen Wissensstand und den derzeitigen diagnostischen Möglichkeiten ätiologisch nicht geklärt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02201940
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frühindliche Hirnschäden: Zumeist nicht intrapartal. Zur Ätiologie geistiger and neurologischer Behinderungen (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 256 (1995), S. S71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mäßige und schwere geistige und neurologische Behinderungen lassen sich nur bei 15% aller betroffenen Kinder auf perinatale Komplikationen zurückführen. Die Mehrzahl der Behinderungen sind prdnatalen Ursprungs. Nur wenige Prozent sind durch postnatale Ereignisse wie Verletzungen oder Infektionen des Zentralnervensystems bedingt. Ein erheblicher Prozentsatz der geistigen und neurologischen Behinderungen, v.a. diejenigen leichten und mäßigen Schweregrads, können mit dem heutigen Wissensstand und den derzeitigen diagnostischen Möglichkeiten ätiologisch nicht geklärt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02201940
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ophthalmologische Störungen bei ehemals extrem kleinen Frühgeborenen im Alter von 10 Jahren Eine Erhebung der Jahrgänge von 1983–1985 in der ganzen Schweiz (1998)
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 146 (1998), S. 230-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Extrem Frühgeborene ; Visus ; Strabismus ; Amblyopie ; Retinopathie ; Key words Extremely low birth weight infants ; Strabismus ; Vision ; Amblyopia ; Retinopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Aim of the study: The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of ophthalmological abnormalities in 10 year old survivors with extremely low birthweight of 500–999 g. In addition the association between retinopathy of prematurity and other ophthalmological disorders was studied. Methods: The parents of all surviving newborns (N=117) with birthweight 500–999 g born in Switzerland between 1983 and 1985, were asked for eye problems in their children. When the history was positive, additional information was obtained from the ophthalmologist. Results: At the age of 10±1 years the very low birthweight infants had significantly more ophthalmological problems (37%) than found in the general population (10%). Whereas low vision ( 〈1.0) of at least one eye (35%), strabism (19%), amblyopia (11%) and astigmatism (7.5%) were significantly more frequent compared with the normal population, myopia (12%) was not. Retinopathy was not significantly associated with other ophthalmological disorders. Conclusions: We conclude that all extremely low birth weight infants irrespectively of retinopathy have a significantly increased risk for ophthalmological disorders. Therefore they should have regular ophthalmological reevaluations until school age.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Wie häufig sind ophthalmologische Störungen bei ehemals sehr kleinen Frühgeborenen im Alter von 10 Jahren? Bestehen Assoziationen zu einer durchgemachten Frühgeborenenretinopathie? Methode: Die Eltern aller überlebenden Frühgeborenen (n=117), die in den Jahren von 1983–1985 in der Schweiz mit einem Geburtsgewicht zwischen 500–999 g geboren worden waren, wurden nach Augenproblemen ihrer Kinder befragt. Bei positiver Anamnese wurden zusätzliche Informationen vom Ophthalmologen eingeholt. Ergebnisse: Die Frühgeborenen zeigten im Alter von 10±1 Jahren hochsignifikant mehr ophthalmologische Störungen (37%) als die Durchschnittsbevölkerung (10%). Signifikant häufiger waren Visusminderung (35%), Strabismus (19%), Amblyopie (11%) und Astigmatismus (18%). Die Myopierate (12%) war nicht wesentlich erhöht. Nach einer durchgemachten Retinopathie waren die Werte noch höher, die Unterschiede zu ehemaligen Frühgeborenen ohne Retinopathie waren jedoch nicht signifikant. Schlußfolgerung: Sehr kleine Frühgeborene weisen ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko für ophthalmologische Störungen auf und nicht nur, wenn in der Neonatalperiode eine Retinopathie nachgewiesen wurde. Sie sollten deshalb alle mindestens bis ins Schulalter regelmäßig ophthalmologisch kontrolliert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001120050268
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