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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization, transport, and magnetic properties of Co/Pd multilayers produced by pulsed laser deposition : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6421-6423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Metallic Co/Pd multilayers with equal layer thickness and periods ranging from 5 to 150 A(ring) were deposited using pulsed laser deposition. They have an fcc (111) texture and the diffraction patterns give clear evidence of a modulated period structure. From the period dependence of the in-plane electrical resistivity a diffuse interface between cobalt and palladium of thickness b=6±2 A(ring) has been deduced. Magnetic, magnetoresistance, and Kerr-effect measurements indicate in-plane magnetization. In low fields (B0≤10 mT) the magnetoresistance is highly anisotropic, varying by −2% in the transverse configuration and +1% in the longitudinal configuration due to orbital moment of cobalt in the interface region. The shape of the Kerr-effect major hysteresis loop can be explained by the in-plane component of the anisotropy of the cobalt layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352619
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal field in nitrogenated rare-earth intermetallics : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6934-6936 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The crystal-field in Sm2Fe17N3−δ and Sm(Fe11Ti)N1−δ due to interstitial nitrogen has been investigated. Intrinsic parametrization in the superposition model allows separation of the crystal field created by a neighboring nitrogen atom from a purely geometrical factor, which is different for Sm2Fe17N3−δ and Sm(Fe11Ti)N1−δ. Using published magnetic data, values for the intrinsic parameter A˜2 per nitrogen atom of A˜2=200±60 Ka0−2 and A˜2=270±60 Ka0−2 for Sm2Fe17N3−δ and Sm(Fe11Ti)N1−δ, respectively, are obtained. Because of charge penetration, which is discussed in the form of an explicit crystal-field weight function, it is not possible to interpret A20 or A˜2 as crystal-field parameters independent of the 4f ion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352439
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interstitial modification of rare-earth intermetallics : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6940-6942 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Interstitial modification of R2Fe17Zx is studied with R=Y, Sm, and Z=N, C, B, Si, and S. Equilibrium interstitial concentrations are calculated using a lattice gas model. For gas–solid reaction a low solubility is obtained at high temperatures, whereas a solid–solid reaction is predicted to yield R2Fe17Z1.5 in the high-temperature limit. Theoretical results are compared with data on Sm2Fe17Cx produced by solid–solid reaction at 500 °C. Volume expansions up to 4.8% were obtained, which corresponds to x(approximately-equal-to)2. The concentrations of interstitial boron and silicon are much lower.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352441
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the role of Zn in Sm2Fe17Nx permanent magnets : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6044-6046 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Coercivities up to 1.9 T were achieved by bonding micron-size Sm2Fe17Nx particles with zinc. X-ray analysis of Zn-bonded samples indicates the presence of the ZnFe Γ phase and no unreacted Zn, after heat treatment at about 390 °C for 100 min for samples with Zn content varying from 5 to 35 wt. %. The increase of coercivity occurs only for a more intense heat treatment, e.g., at 390 °C for 300 min or 425 °C for 100 min. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows two exothermic peaks at 388 and 426 °C, but no endothermic peak related to the melting of Zn (at 419.6 °C) was observed. In dilatometric measurements two peaks were observed for the rate of length change near the same temperatures as the DSC peaks. Polarization-versus-field curves point to an additional ferromagnetic phase with (i) a Curie temperature near 180 K and (ii) 2% of the net magnetization at low temperatures. The corresponding dip in low-temperature demagnetization curves, however, is about 10% in depth. Most of the Sm2Fe17Nx grains in the demagnetized Zn-bonded magnets are multidomain. We found γ≈3.4×10−2 J/m2 and Dc≈0.3 μm for the wall energy and for the critical single-domain particle diameter, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353464
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetism and morphology of Fe/Cu(111) films below two-dimensional percolation : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 3901-3903 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic properties of γ-iron films on Cu(111) below the two-dimensional percolation threshold of about 1.4 monolayer are investigated. Iron on flat Cu(111) surfaces forms triangular patches, while it forms stripes along step edges on vicinal surfaces. The films exhibit an easy magnetization axis perpendicular to the film plane and magnetic hysteresis at sufficiently low temperatures. The magnetization curves of the triangular iron patches are discussed in terms of Ising superparamagnetism. From Kerr hysteresis loops, we deduce that the first anisotropy constant K1 in the superparamagnetic films is of order 0.345±0.020 MJ/m3. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365064
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic reversal in Sm2Fe17Ny permanent magnets : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6047-6049 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Coercivity and nucleation fields for three-dimensional inhomogenities are calculated and discussed. For soft spherical inclusions in a hard magnetic matrix a (δ/R)2 dependence of the nucleation field on inclusion radius R and domain wall width δ has been obtained. To calculate propagation fields for spherical inhomogenities, a nonlinear model has been used. The corresponding coercive field can be much higher than the nucleation field, particularly if the magnitude of the anisotropy changes very steeply. Soft inclusions with sharp interfaces are ineffective at producing complete magnetic reversal. For partly nitrided particles coercivity and nucleation field are predicted to be identical, which is confirmed by experiments on high-performance Sm2Fe17N3−δ magnets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353465
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aligned two-phase magnets: Permanent magnetism of the future? (invited) : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)−intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 7059-7064 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Micromagnetic calculations are used to investigate coercivity and energy products of magnets consisting of an aligned hard-magnetic skeleton phase and a soft-magnetic phase with high saturation magnetization. Compared to the present-day theoretical limit of 516 kJ/m3 for single-phase Nd2Fe14B, the energy product in suitable nanostructured Sm2Fe17N3/Fe65Co35 composites is predicted to be as high as 1090 kJ/m3. The influence of the skeleton's texture and shape is discussed, and aligned nanocrystalline two-phase magnets are compared with remanence-enhanced isotropic magnets. In particular, it is shown how the nucleation-based analytical approach breaks down in the isotropic limit. Finally, we outline conceivable processing methods and discuss potential applications of "megajoule'' magnets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358027
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen diffusion in Sm2Fe17 and local elastic and magnetic properties (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 7602-7611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The reaction between nitrogen gas and an intermetallic compound is studied, with particular reference to Sm2Fe17 , treating the Sm2Fe17Ny system as a gas-solid solution. A simple lattice gas model is used to describe the reaction of nitrogen atoms with the metal lattice in terms of the net reaction energy U0=−57±5 kJ/mol. The equilibrium nitrogen concentration is calculated as a function of nitrogenation temperature and gas pressure. Refined diffusion parameters D0=1.02 mm2/s and Ea=133 kJ/mol, determined by thermopiezic analysis of the initial stage of nitrogen absorption, are used to calculate nitrogen profiles and the time dependence of the mean nitrogen content during nitrogenation. Assuming mechanically isotropic grains the elastic strain and stress profiles are calculated. Main results are a large uniaxial strain near the surface of nonuniformly nitrided particles, and core expansion even in the absence of any nitrogen there. Curie temperature and K1 profiles are calculated and suggestions are made regarding the influence of stress on coercivity and disproportionation of the material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353981
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cooperative magnetism and the Preisach model (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 7263-7265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cooperative and noncooperative magnetization processes in magnetic nanostructures are investigated. Using model calculations it is shown that the Preisach model and related approaches, such as Henkel, ΔM, and ΔH plots, describe magnetism on a mean-field level and cannot account for intra- and inter-granular cooperative effects. For example, the ΔM plot of a nucleation-controlled two-domain particle gives the false impression of a positive intergranular interaction. A simple but nontrivial cooperative model, consisting of two interacting but nonequivalent particles, is used to show that cooperative effects are most pronounced for narrow switching-field distributions, i.e., for nearly rectangular loops. This is unfavorable from the point of magnetic recording, where one aims at combining narrow loops with a noncooperative local switching behavior. A general rule is that the neglect of cooperative effects leads to an overestimation of the coercivity. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1355344
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Layer-resolved spin polarization in Sb overlayers on NiMnSb (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 7275-7277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetism of antimony overlayers on a ferromagnetic substrate is investigated by spin-polarized inverse photoemission and explained in terms of a spin-dependent envelope-function approximation (SDEFA). The atomic structure of the films, which were deposited by sputtering Sb onto a NiMnSb(001) substrate, is characterized by a unique combination of three features: (i) NiMnSb is a highly spin-polarized semi-Heusler alloy predicted to be halfmetallic, (ii) antimony is a semimetal, exhibiting a band structure reminiscent of indirect-gap semiconductors, and (iii) the small lattice mismatch ensures a well-controlled interface. Combined x-ray absorption spectroscopy and spin-polarized inverse photoemission yield a layer-resolved spin polarization decaying on a length scale of the order of 1 nm. The unusual range of the spin polarization in the paramagnetic overlayer is explained by considering the alloy–antimony interface as a spin-dependent perturbation potential and taking into account the low effective masses of the Sb conduction electrons (only about 0.1 for both electrons and holes). © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1357849
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