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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circulating insulin-like growth factor I in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with retinopathy (1989)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 32 (1989), S. 753-758 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Somatomedin ; carrier protein ; diabetes complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationship between insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) and diabetic retinopathy was investigated. This somatomedin circulates bound to at least two large carrier proteins with molecular weights of approximately 150,000 and 35,000. Total and protein binding profiles of insulin-like growth factor I were determined in the serum of 18 patients who had had Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes for 15–20 years, but had no signs of nephropathy and a similar degree of mild subclinical neuropathy. Nine had preproliferative or proliferative retinopathy and 9 had little or no background retinopathy but there was no difference in diabetes duration, insulin doses or glycaemic control between the two groups. In the latter group, the amounts of the somatomedin I and the serum profiles were similar to those in 9 healthy control subjects. In patients with advanced retinopathy, however, binding of insulin-like growth factor I to the carrier proteins was significantly altered. Binding to the low molecular weight protein increased to 140% whereas binding to the large molecular weight protein decreased to 70% of the normal level. In the latter Type 1 diabetic patients total serum insulin-like growth factor I was decreased to 60% of the normal level (p〈0.02). When the alteration in serum profile was adjusted for, the level of somatomedin associated with the small carrier complex was normal whereas that associated with the large carrier complex was reduced by almost 60% in Type 1 diabetic patients with retinopathy. It is proposed that the total circulating somatomedin level is low in advanced diabetic retinopathy. Furthermore, changes in. the carrier binding of insulin-like growth factor I rather than in the total circulating level of the somatomedin may be involved in diabetic retinopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274537
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding and biological effects of insulin, insulin analogues and insulin-like growth factors in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Comparison of maximal growth promoting activities (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 307-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; insulin analogues ; insulin-like growth factors ; proliferation ; vascular smooth muscle cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Binding and growth promoting effects of insulin, insulin analogues modified in the B chain, proinsulin, insulin-like growth factor-I and -II were studied in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Specific binding of125I-insulin was 0.9±0.2% of total 125I-insulin added, and the IC50-value was estimated to 8.9 pmol/1. The insulin analogue B10 Asp tended to be more potent than insulin in displacing 125I-insulin, B28 Asp was equipotent, B9 Asp/B27 Glu was approximately 100 times less potent and insulin-like growth factor-I more than 1000 times less potent than insulin. Specific binding of 125I-insulin-like growth factor-I after 4 h incubation at 10 °C was five times higher than the specific binding of insulin (4.4±0.4% of total 125I-insulin-like growth factor-I added), and the IC50-value was 0.3 nmol/l. Insulin was approximately 500 times less potent than insulin-like growth factor-I in displacing 125I-insulin-like growth factor-I. The insulin analogue B10 Asp was slightly more potent and analogue B28 Asp was equipotent with insulin. Analogue B9 Asp/B27 Glu was ten times less potent and proinsulin was more than ten times less potent than insulin. The order of potency was similar for 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA: insulin-like growth factor-I 〉 B10 Asp 〉 insulin-like growth factor-II 〉 insulin 〉 B28 Asp 〉 B9 Asp/B27 Glu 〉 proinsulin. The maximal effect of insulin-like growth factor-I on 3H-thymidine incorporation was 71±16% higher than the maximal effect of insulin. The maximal effect of insulin-like growth factor-II was at least as high as the effect of insulin-like growth factor-I. Furthermore, the maximal effect of B10 Asp was 62±10% higher than the maximal effect of insulin. Insulin-like growth factor-I and B10 Asp tended to increase cell number more than insulin. In conclusion, this study shows that insulin analogues interact with different potencies with receptors for insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I in vascular smooth muscle cells and that insulin-like growth factors and the insulin analogue B10 Asp have more pronounced growth effects than insulin. Substitution of the amino acid Asp for His at position B10 in insulin makes the molecule more similar to insulin-like growth factor-I, chemically and probably also biologically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405001
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscle regeneration (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 264-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Regeneration ; Growth factors ; Growth hormone ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Against the background of the importance of growth hormone (GH) for normal muscle growth, a study was performed to investigate whether lack of GH after hypophysectomy affects the cell proliferation and the local production of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in the early stages of muscle regeneration in adult rats. The level of IGF-I in the serum of hypophysectomised rats was reduced to about 30% of that of controls. The incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine into the regenerating muscle showed a peak 6 days after the operation and then gradually declined to the end of the period of study 30 days after initiation of regeneration by ischemic necrosis. The DNA content rose to a maximum level after 6–8 days, and remained high after 30 days. There was no major difference in the incorporation of [3H]thymidine in regenerating muscle of hypophysectomised and control rats, but the DNA concentration in the regenerating muscles of hypophysectomised rats was significantly reduced after 30 days. There was a corresponding reduction in the number of nuclei per muscle fibre, indicating that hypophysectomy has a small effect on the cell proliferation during the early stages of muscle regeneration. Immunohistochemical demonstration of IGF-I in the regenerating muscle revealed the transient presence of immunoreactive material in satellite cells and myotubes after 6 to 8 days of regeneration but no immunoreactivity after 30 days. No obvious difference was observed between hypophysectomised and control rats, indicating that the endogenous production of IGF-I in regenerating skeletal muscle can occur independently of GH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687756
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 in sarcomas (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 16 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was studied in normal tissues, in eight benign lesions and in 50 sarcomas. In palmar fibromatosis the spindle cells in cell-dense areas exhibited a strong immunoreactivity. IGF-1 was variably found in leiomyosarcomas (7/8), malignant schwannomas (7/9), synovial sarcomas (2/3), liposarcomas (3/6), fibrosarcomas (1/3), malignant fibrous histiocytomas (10/18) and in one angiosarcoma. Two rhabdomyosarcomas failed to express IGF-1 and only the spindle cell component of synovial sarcomas was positive. Immunoreactivity for IGF-1 in 10 malignant filrous histiocytomas (MFH) appeared to be related to co-expression of smooth muscle actin. These findings imply that MFHs can be subdivided into a group of tumours which are devoid of morphological and immunophenotypic evidence of differentiation and a group which manifest immunophenotypic differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1990.tb01544.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological characterization of purified native 20-kDa human growth hormone
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects 925 (1987), S. 314-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-4165
    Keywords: (ob/ob mouse) ; Diabetogenic activity ; Growth hormone ; Growth-promoting activity ; IGF-1 level ; Insulin-Like activity
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-4165(87)90197-8
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) to primary cultures of chondrocytes from rat rib growth cartilage
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cell Biology International Reports 13 (1989), S. 655-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 0309-1651
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-1651(89)90042-8
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of insulin-like growth factor I in the adult rat (1988)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 89 (1988), S. 403-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rabbit antisera against native human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I; somatomedin C) or a synthetic tetradeca peptide, representing the carboxyterminal amino acids 57–70 of human IGF-I, were used to map immunohistochemically the distribution of IGF-I immunoreactive material in adult rats. Both antisera were specific for IGF-I, as characterized by immunoabsorption, immunoblotting and radioimmunoassay. There was no cross-reactivity to IGF-II, relaxin or pro-insulin; substances having a high degree of structural homology with IGF-I. High IGF-I immunoreactivity was observed in spermatocytes of the testis; in oocytes, granulosa and theca interna cells of the ovary during early stages of follicle development; in some lymphocytes and in reticular cells of lymphoid and hematopoetic organs; in salivary gland duct cells; in the adrenal medulla, the parathyroid gland and the Langerhans' islets. Chondrocytes in the epiphyseal and rib growth plates and at articular surfaces showed strong IGF-I immunoreactivity. Brown but not white fat cells were stained. Nerve cells in the peripheral and autonomic nervous system showed faint to intense IGF-I immunoreactivity. In contrast, neurons and neuroglial cells in the central nervous system were generally negative; motor neurons being an exception. Erythropoeitic, trombocytopoeitic and myeloic cells in the bone marrow showed IGF-I immunoreactivity, but only at defined developmental stages. Hepatocytes showed faint IGF-I immunoreactivity, but became more intensely stained after pretreatment with colchicine. The present results suggest that IGF-I is synthetized by cells in several tissues and organs in the adult rat. There was an apparent association between the localization of IGF-I and cell differentiation. Certain cells involved in secretory processes also displayed high IGF-I immunoreactivity. The wide distribution of IGF-I indicates that the circulating pool of IGF-I has multiple origins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500644
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatomedin C in the pancreas of young and adult, normal and obese, hyperinsulinemic mice (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 467-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insulin-like growth factor I ; Somatomedin C ; Hyperinsulinemia ; Liver ; Pancreas, endocrine ; Endocrine cells ; D cells ; Mice, hyperinsulinemic: obese (ob/ob), lean (l/l) ; Mouse l/l
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical, immunochemical and RNA-hybridization techniques were used to map the distribution of somatomedin C (Sm-C; insulin-like growth factor I; IGF-I) in the pancreas of young and adult lean and obese mice. The D cells in the islets of Langerhans showed intense cytoplasmic Sm-C immunoreactivity, extending into their processes. Only slight Sm-C immunoreactivity was seen in A and B cells, apparently confined to the plasma membranes. In the exocrine pancreas scattered duct cells were immunopositive. Starvation increased, while feeding decreased the Sm-C immunoreactivity in B cells. RNA-hybridization analyses revealed that roughly the same number of Sm-C mRNA molecules, as calculated per DNA amount in the pancreas, could be demonstrated in young and adult, lean and obese mice. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) determinations of total Sm-C showed that there were about equal concentrations in the pancreas of lean and obese mice. There were marked differences between the liver and the pancreas, in that the RIA Sm-C values for the former were twice those in the latter while, in contrast, the corresponding values for the Sm-C mRNA, i.e. the agent determining the synthesis of Sm-C, were about 100 times higher in the liver as compared to that in the pancreas. We interpret our results as follows: The D cells in the islets form and secrete Sm-C in both young and adult, lean and obese mice, while A and B cells bind, but do not necessarily synthesize this peptide. Our results obtained in vivo on mature pancreatic tissue are in contrast to those obtained in tissue-culture studies on fetal and neonatal islets, in which B cells synthesize Sm-C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224132
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid axoplasmic transport of insulin-like growth factor I in the sciatic nerve of adult rats (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 241-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatomedin C ; Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) ; Axoplasmic transport ; Sciatic nerve ; Schwann cell ; Trophic influence ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Somatomedin C (Sm-C; insulin-like growth factor I; IGF-I) is a polypeptide (Mr 7649), often dependent on growth hormone (GH), with trophic effects on several different tissues. Monospecific IGF-I antisera were used to investigate its localization in the sciatic nerve and corresponding nerve cells, as well as its possible axoplasmic transport in the adult rat. IGF-I-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated in anterior horn motor nerve cells in the spinal cord and in spinal- and autonomic ganglion nerve cells. Faint IGF-I immunoreactivity was under normal conditions observed in axons of the sciatic nerve and in the Schwann cells. Using crush technique, accumulation of IGF-I immunoreactivity was seen in dilated axons within 2 h, both proximal and distal to the crush. However, only a small fraction of the anterogradely transported IGF-I immunoreactive material could be demonstrated to be transported in retrograde direction. Colchicine injected proximal to a crush prevented accumulation of IGF-I immunoreactivity proximal to the crush, but not distal to it. IGF-I-immunoreactive material is synthesized in the cell bodies of peripheral sensory and motor nerve cells. It is transported at rapid rates in the axoplasm of the sciatic nerve of adult rats both in anterograde and retrograde directions. We propose that axonally transported IGF-I may be released and exert trophic influence on innervated cells, tissues and organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218305
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