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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Mitochondrial myopathies ; Peripheral neuropathy ; Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy ; Schwann cells ; Arterioles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fifteen cases of mitochondrial myopathy, three cases of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) VI, and 280 cases of neuropathies of different etiologies were examined by electron microscopy for the presence of mitochondrial abnormalities in the sural nerve. Altered mitochondria were found in most cases of mitochondrial myopathy, in all cases of HMSN VI, and in 25 cases out of the series of unselected neuropathies. The mitochondrial changes comprised enlargement with an amorphous matrix and distorted cristae, with hexagonal paracrystalline inclusions, and with prominent cristae containing oblique striations, and a variety of rare changes. Most mitochondrial abnormalities were found in Schwann cells. An increase of the number of mitochondria was noted in smooth muscle and endothelial cells of epineurial arterioles of two cases with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Neuropathy was present in all cases of mitochondrial myopathy according to morphometrical analysis. Whether neuropathy is caused directly by mitochondrial dysfunction or by other pathogenetic mechanisms remains to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1988), S. 100-103 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron immunocytochemistry ; IgM ; Gammopathies ; Myelin sheaths ; Swine immunoglobulins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The IgM fraction of normal swine serum (NSS) was found to adhere to human peripheral nerve myelin sheaths from randomly selected neuropathies and control nerves in electron microscopic immunocytochemical assays. The reaction could be blocked by preincubation with undiluted fetal calf serum (FCS), whereas endoneurial background staining was already abolished by preincubation with 10% FCS. Only the IgM, but not the IgG or the IgA fraction of NSS adhered to peripheral nerve tissue. Such strong adherence of one of the components in an immunocytochemical assay may be a source of misinterpretation. Binding of swine IgM to human peripheral nerve myelin has not been described before and is of interest in the discussion about IgM binding to myelin-associated glycoprotein in IgM gammopathies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic body myopathy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Desmin ; Intermediate filaments ; Actin filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a fine structural and immunocytochemical study, the latter performed on semithin sections of epoxy resin embedded skeletal muscle fibers, three types of cytoplasmic bodies were identified in a case of cytoplasmic body myopathy: (1) The first type, the classical type, showed a central core and a light halo with radiating actin filaments at the periphery. (2) The second type, the spheroid body was characterized by irregularly arranged granular masses associated with intermediate filaments. Desmin immunoreactivity occurred in the central and peripheral parts, where filaments of intermediate size were visualized by electron microscopy. Desmin immunoreactivity was noted also at the Z-bands of striated annulets, within areas of disordered myofibrils, such as sarcoplasmic masses, and in atrophic muscle fibers. (3) The third type of the cytoplasmic body was composed mainly of large masses of uneven granularity and electron density. The center of this type reacted to anti-actin antibody suggesting that the 5- to 6-nm filaments, which ultrastructurally proved to be a major component, were of the actin type. By contrast, neither intermediate filaments nor actin microfilaments were found by electron microscopy in cytoplasmic bodies in a second case where no immunoreaction to desmin or actin occurred. Anti-vimentin antibody stained only the cytoplasm of endomysial cells, but not the inclusion bodies. Some other, unusual inclusions with 18- to 20-nm tubulo-filamentous structures have to be distinguished from the various types of filaments in cytoplasmic bodies. It is concluded, that pleomorphism and heterogeneity of “cytoplasmic bodies” have to be taken into consideration when classifying cytoplasmic body myopathies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 190-199 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyloidosis ; Neuropathy ; Immuno-electron microscopy ; Immunoglobulin light chains ; Perpheral nerve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sural nerve specimens from ten patients with amyloidosis (hereditary, associated with lymphoproliferative disorders, or of unknown origin) and peripheral neuropathy were investigated by immunohistochemistry at the light and electron microscopic level. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase and immunogold techniques were applied to glutaraldehyde-fixed, osmicated and epoxy-embedded tissue. In five cases, four of which associated with lymphoproliferative disorders, amyloid deposits strongly and exclusively reacted with antibodies to kappa or lambda light chains, respectively. By electron microscopy, bundles of immunogold-labelled amyloid fibrils could be identified in coated and uncoated single membrane-bound vesicles of endoneurial macrophages. Schwann cells did not contain intracellular amyloid but their processes were entangled in amyloid fibrils and their basement membranes were sometimes fused with the fibrillar masses. It is concluded that immunoglobulin light chains in AL (amyloid of immunoglobulin light chain origin) amyloidosis precipitate, forming amyloid fibrils, in the presence of, and presumably with the assistence of, endoneurial cells. Inefficiency of phagocytosis appears to be one of the major causes for the deleterious effects of amyloid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 4 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Bronchial reactivity to carbachol, estimated by the PD65, the provocation dose of inhaled carbachol inducing a 65% increase of baseline respiratory resistance, was measured in 355 asthmatic children (age 8.7 ± 2.6 years) and 149 healthy children (age 11.8 ± 2.3 years). The frequency distribution of PD65 snowed apart from 2 minima at 480 μg and 960 μg 2 significant peaks at 240 μg (p = 0.003) and 1200 μg (p = 0.01) to carbachol. reflecting a hyperreactive class (PD65 〈480 μg), an intermediate class (481 ug 〈 PD65 〈 960 μg) and a normo-reactive class (PD65 〉 961 μg). The intermediate class is characterised by a considerable overlap between “health” and “disease”. However, taking into account the degree of air pollution in which healthy children are living (best related factor to specificity) and the type of initial lung function disorder in asthmatic children, (the MEF50 to be the best related factor for specificiy), weighed specificity and sensitivity improved from 64 to 88%. Evaluating bronchial responsiveness in children, such interfering factors should be strongly considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 15 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Stress-controlled, low-cycle, push-pull fatigue tests were performed on three variants of the bearing steel SAE 52100 with slightly different compositions and heat treatments. The experiments demonstrated differences in the cyclic plastic behaviour of differently hardened steels (bainitically-hardened and martensitically-hardened, respectively), whereas the two martensitic variants, which differ in composition, behaved very similarly. Bainitically-hardened SAE 52100 steel exhibited initial hardening followed by cyclic softening above a stress amplitude level of 1200 MPa. In contrast, the martensitically-hardened variants showed a pronounced cyclic hardening. The deformation behaviour of the martensitically-hardened bearing steel in a monotonic tensile test and during the first cycles can be well understood on the basis of the transformation of retained austenite. This process leads to an onset of plastic deformation at lower stresses compared to the bainitically-hardened bearing steel. As a result of the subsequent cyclic hardening of the martensitic variants, the CSS curves are almost identical for the differently hardened conditions under investigation. Additional tests under pulsating compression documented that a high negative mean stress enhances the cyclic plasticity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 12 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogenic factor for many cell types and has been shown to be important in follicular development and vasculogenesis. In this study, we examined the expression pattern of both PDGF factors and their corresponding receptors in mesenchyme-derived dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and epithelial follicular keratinocytes (FKs). Both types of PDGF receptors are expressed in FKs, whereas DPCs only express PDGF receptor β on the protein level, a finding also seen in whole organ cultures. By examining the expression of PDGF ligands, we were able to show that cultured FKs synthesize both PDGF-A and PDGF-B, whereas, DPCs only express PDGF-A.As immunomodulatory cytokines were shown to affect hair growth, we investigated the effects of IL-1β, IL-4, TNF-α, TGF-β and IFN-γ on the expression levels of PDGF factors in cultured DPCs and FKs. Interestingly, we could show a significant down-regulatory effect by catagen-inducing cytokines like IL-1β or IFN-γ, suggesting a possible involvement of PDGF signaling in the induction of catagen. The question concerning the latter hypothesis remains to be elucidated in further studies on whole organ cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; dopaminergic neuron ; neurotrophin ; transplantation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. We investigated the expression of BDNF and its high affinity receptor trkB in fetal dopaminergic grafts in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Grafts were allowed to differentiate for 7, 14, 28, or 56 days, respectively and were analyzed immunocytochemically thereafter with antibodies directed against tyrosine hydroxylase, BDNF and trkB. At all time points investigated, grafts contained tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons. Immature grafts (7 days) displayed no immunoreactivity for BDNF which was restricted to glial cells at the graft-host interface. After longer differentiation periods BDNF-immunoreactivity was detectable in neurons and astrocytes within the grafts. No trkB immunoreactivity was found in immature grafts but a strong signal for trkB emerged in grafted neurons older than 14 days whereas glial cells remained unlabeled at all time points investigated. Expression of BDNF and trkB in grafted neurons and of BDNF in sourrounding glial cells suggests an autocrine or paracrine action of BDNF on dopaminergic neurons possibly mediated by activated glia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words     HLA-DR ; Neuropathies ; Macrophages ; Fibroblasts ; Schwann cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract      The expression of HLA-DR and the macrophage marker CD 68 was studied in 44 sural nerve biopsies from patients with inflammatory and non-inflammatory neuropathies and controls using immunohistochemistry on non-osmicated semithin sections, a technique that has not been used before in such a biopsy study. Most HLA-DR-immunoreactive (ir) cells were fibroblasts, macrophages or perineurial cells, some were perivascular and endothelial cells, and only few were Schwann cells. Counts of immunoreactive cells revealed (a) increased HLA-DR expression in severe as compared to less severe neuropathies and to controls, (b) no correlation between the numbers of HLA-DR-ir cells and CD 68-ir macrophages, and (c) no close correlation between diagnostic groups and the number of HLA-DR-ir cells, but higher numbers in inflammatory neuropathies. We conclude that endoneurial fibroblasts and macrophages as antigen-presenting cells may be mediators in various peripheral nerve diseases, not only in inflammatory disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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