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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: CT ; Pneumatosis intestinalis ; Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis ; Intestinal ischemia ; Pneumoperitoneum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Case reports of five patients with pneumatosis intestinalis diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) are presented. Etiology, differential diagnoses, and clinical consequences arising from CT imaging are discussed. In four of the patients, pneumatosis was found to be secondary to gastric ulcer, colon carcinoma, metastasis in the mesentery, and trauma-induced mesenteric ischemia. In one patient, the etiology remained elusive. Using CT, both the extent and the distribution pattern of pneumatosis could be depicted, allowing for differentiation of primary and secondary forms and assessment of prognosis. Evaluation with a lung window is a prerequisite for reliable diagnosis of pneumatosis with CT. The presence of gas in the mesenteric or portal venous system in mesenteric ischemia is indicative of an unfavorable prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Computer tomography ; Insufficiency fracture ; Sacral bone ; Vacuum phenomenon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sacral insufficiency fractures develop over a period of time and show time-dependent changes. We report on 15 CT examinations of 5 patients with early-stage insufficiency fractures of the sacrum. In 4 patients only irregular sclerosis without distinct fracture lines was present in 7 of 8 fractures. Of these 4 patients; 3 exhibited intraosseous gas inclusions in a ventral part of a lateral mass; 5 of 8 fractures disclosed a ventral cortical break. When distinct fracture lines had developed in 1 patient, intraosseous vacuum phenomenon had disappeared. Fracture lines evolve over weeks to months and show central bone absorption. The fractures can heal as demonstrated in 4 of 6 fractures in 3 patients, can persist over 1 year without significant changes or can progress to pseudoarthrosis with bone destruction similar to neuropathic joint disease. Intraosseous vacuum phenomena can persist to this stage. Intraosseous vacuum phenomenon is recognized as a potential finding in the early stage of sacral insufficiency fracture, which also is true for irregular sclerosis and ventral cortical disruption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Bone cysts ; Fractures ; Complications ; Cortical defect ; MRI greenstick fractures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Posttraumatic bone-cyst formation is a known but rare process. Typical location is the distal radius, usually as a result of a greenstick fracture. The pathogenesis is unknown; however, subperiosteal migration of fat or hemorrhage with later absorption may cause cyst formation. We present the first reported case of MR imaging of this lesion. At MRI subperiosteal hemorrhage was found to be the cause of cyst formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Spinal cord herniation ; MRI ; Ankylosing spondylitis ; Spinal trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this paper is to describe clinical and imaging findings in three patients with ventral dural defects and herniation of the spinal cord or cauda equina. The literature is reviewed and the clinical, radiological and operative findings are compared. Three patients with ventral dural defects of different etiologies are presented. One patient gave a longstanding history of ankylosing spondylitis, the second patient presents 37 years after spinal trauma, and the third patient presents with spontaneous spinal cord herniation. All patients had typically slowly progressive neurological symptoms with multiple hospitalizations until diagnosis was made. Characteristic findings in postmyelographic CT included a ventral or ventrolateral displacement with deformation of the spinal cord or the cauda equina. Sagittal MRI showed this abrupt and localized anterior deviation of the spinal cord or the cauda equina to the posterior portions of a vertebral body with or without a bony vertebral defect optimally. Additionally, due to the ventral displacement of the spinal cord, the dorsal subarachnoid space was relatively enlarged without evidence of an arachnoid cyst, in all patients. Magnetic resonance imaging and postmyelographic CT can diagnose ventral dural defects with spinal cord herniation or nerve root entrapment. Dural defects must be considered in the presence of neurological symptoms in cases of longstanding ankylosing spondylitis, late sequelae of fractures of vertebral bodies, and without history of spinal trauma or surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 652-661 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Gradient-echo sequence ; Chemical-shift imaging ; Bone marrow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Signal intensity for opposed-phase gradient-echo (GE) sequences of tissues composed of fat- and water-equivalent cells such as red bone marrow is extremely sensitive to variation of the ratio of both cell populations (fat-to-water ratio QF/W). Because most bone marrow pathology results in variation of QF/W, GE sequences are characterized by high-contrast imaging of pathology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of TR, TE, FA, QF/W and histology on signal intensity. Signal intensity of opposed-phase GE sequences as a function of TR, TE, FA, and QF/W was measured for a fat-water phantom and cadaver specimens of normal bone marrow (red and yellow) and pathological bone marrow (tumors). All specimens were correlated to histology. Opposed-phase GE imaging of red bone marrow pathology results in low-signal-intensity imaging of intact red bone marrow and high-signal-intensity positive contrast imaging of pathology associated with a change in QF/W. In first-order approximation the signal intensity of pathology is linearly correlated to the change in QF/W. Opposed-phase GE imaging is a sensitive imaging technique for red bone marrow pathology. Relative contrast of red bone marrow pathology is similar to fat-suppressed imaging techniques. Acquisition time is identical to T1-weighted SE sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 525-528 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Hypereosinophilic syndrome ; Polymyositis ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A 40-year-old white man presented with fever, muscle pain, skin nodules and persistent hypereosinophilia over a period of 1 year. In addition, he had ventricular arrhythmias with episodes of tachycardia. Besides a lack of response to antiparasitic therapy, laboratory and pathological data excluded the diagnosis of trichinosis or any other parasitic infection. The patient's course of the disease over the previous 11/2 years was compatible with hypereosinophilic syndrome. In a muscle biopsy several eosinophilic perivascular and leucocytic intravascular infiltrates were found, indicative of muscle involvement by the disease. This is a report on the MRI findings of muscle involvement in idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words. Lung ; Lung nodule ; Lung neoplasms ; High-resolution CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze different characteristics on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) that help differentiate benign solitary pulmonary lesions (BSPLs) from malignant solitary pulmonary lesions (MSPLs). High-resolution computed tomography was performed on 104 consecutive patients with SPLs. The whole lesion was examined with a slice thickness of 1 mm and a 12-cm field of view. All lesions were surgically excised within 24 h of the CT examination. Satellite nodules, cavitations, and necrosis were found only in MSPLs. Useful characteristics for the differentiation of BSPLs from MSPLs were the presence of spicules (p 〈 0.00005), spicules extending to the visceral pleura (p 〈 0.0005), the vessel sign (p 〈 0.0005), pleural retraction (p 〈 0.001), circumscribed pleural thickening (p 〈 0.001), the bronchus sign (p 〈 0.005), the presence of ground-glass attenuation adjacent to the SPL (p 〈 0.01), the density of the lesion (p 〈 0.05), and the length of spicules (p 〈 0.05). Using the significant characteristics p 〈 0.01 for the identification of MSPLs, a sensitivity of 91.4 % and a specificity of 56.5 % (accuracy of 83.7 %) was found. A precise morphological assessment of the periphery of the pulmonary lesion is necessary. The HRCT technique is useful in differentiation of BSPLs from MSPLs. However, metastases strongly resembled benign lesions in terms of size and edge type, and chronic inflammatory pseudotumors as a group mimic MSPLs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1643-1646 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Carpal coalition ; Joints ; MR imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In general, carpal coalitions are considered to be asymptomatic. Incomplete separated joints and associated changes similar to osteoarthritis and pseudoarthrosis are known as possible causes of wrist pain. We present the clinical history, plain-film, and MR imaging findings of two patients with symptomatic fibrous lunato-triquetral coalition. Conventional films disclosed a narrowed space between the lunate and triquetral bone with cysts and sclerosis similar to pseudoarthrosis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed bone marrow edema adjacent to the incomplete separated lunato-triquetral joint and Gd-DTPA enhancing fibrovascular tissue in the synovium and subarticular cysts, explaining the pain over the ulnar-sided wrist. Patients with congenital lunato-triquetral coalition may poorly tolerate stress loading or trauma, resulting in a symptomatic state similar to degenerative arthritis or pseudoarthrosis, which is demonstrated by enhanced MR imaging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 153-158 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Erdheim-Chester disease ; Langerhans' cell granulomatosis ; MRI ; Histiocytosis X ; Lipogranulomatosis ; Eburnated vertebra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Erdheim-Chester (EC) disease belongs to the group of lipoid granulomatosis. Symmetric sclerosis of the meta- and diaphysis of long tubular bones are pathognomonic radiologic changes. Additionally, other skeletal segments can be affected. Extraskeletal manifestations can occur in almost all organs; lungs, pericardium, retroperitoneum, skin, and orbita play particularly important roles. The last case of 38 cases of Erdheim-Chester disease with an extraordinary mediastinal and perirenal involvement is described. For the second time following the initial description by Chester, an axial skeletal pattern of eburnated vertebra is shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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