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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 80 (1971), S. 176-190 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The deoxyribonucleic acids of five algicidal nonfruiting myxobacteria are reported to have base ratios ranging from 69–71 G+C mole % as determined by thermal denaturation temperatures; no unusual nucleic acid bases were detected. These organisms are described as amicrocystogenous, gliding, Gram-negative bacilli capable of degrading gelatin, casein, starch, cellulose, chitin, and alginate. All have been shown previously to be algicidal. Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate in each was indicated by its conversion to crotonic acid. Antibiotic sensitivity of the five was similar to that of known nonfruiting myxobacteria. The fine structure of one, Myxobacter 44, revealed a triple-layered cellular envelope, the middle layer of which is lysozyme sensitive. Ruthenium red-positive slime material adhered to the outer surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Effects of Procainamide and Lidocaine on Defibrillation. intntduction: In acute canine studies, lidocaine. but not prucainamidc, increases defibrillation energy requirements. We evaluated the effects of lidocaine or procainamide on defihrillation energy requirements in 27 patients undergoing intraoperative testing fur implantable cardioverter dcfibrillator device placement. Methods and Results: Patients were tested off antiarrhythmic drugs and again following either lidocaine (200 to 250 mg loading and 3 mg/min maintenance infusions) or procainamide (1 gm loading and 3 to 4 mg/min maintenance infusions). The defibrillation testing protocol consisted of initial testing at 15 J, followed by higher or lower energies to determine the lowest energy producing three consecutive successful defibrillations. Overall, the mean defibrillation energy increased from 14 ± 5 J to 18 ± 7 J during lidocaine (plasma concentration 5.1 ± 1.6 μ/mL; P 〈 0.02) but were similar at baseline (12 ± 5 J) and during procainamide infusion (13 ± 6 J) (plasma concentration: procainamide 10.7 ± 7.2 μ/rnl.; N-acetyl procainamide 1.0 ± 0.4 μ/niL). A positive linear correlation was found between lidocaine plasma concentration and percent change in defibrillation energy (lidocaine: r = 0.61; P = 0.01). Procainamide raised the defibrillation energy in three patients, two with supra therapeutic plasma concentrations. The increase in defibrillation energy equaled or exceeded 25 J in four patients after lidocaine and in one patient after procainamide. Conclusion: The data suggest that at high plasma concentrations, lidocaine and procainamide adversely affect defibrillation energy requirements consistent with an adverse, concentration-dependent effect of sodium channel blockade on defibrillation energy requirements in patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of dermatology 21 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-4632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 382 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Organophosphate ; Rhesus ; Oximes ; Atropine ; Carbamates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cyclohexylmethylphosphonofluoridate (CMPF) is an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor with military significance. The purpose of these studies was 1) to determine the acute toxicity of CMPF in the male rhesus monkey, 2) to evaluate the efficacy of pyridostigmine (PYR) pretreatment plus atropine and oxime (2-PAM or HI6) treatment, and 3) to evaluate the pathological consequences of acute poisoning. An i. m. LD50 of CMPF was estimated using an up-and-down dose selection procedure and 12 animals. The 48-h and 7-day LD50 was 46.6 μg/kg, i.m. In the protection experiments, pyridostigmine (0.3–0.7 mg/kg/24 h) was administered by surgically implanted osmotic minipumps for 3–12 days resulting in 21–65% inhibition of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity. Animals were challenged with 5 × LD50 CMPF (233 μg/kg) and treated with atropine (0.4 mg/kg) and either 2-PAM (25.7 mg/kg) or HI6 (37.8 mg/kg) at the onset of signs or 1 min after challenge. Osmotic pumps were removed within 30 min after agent challenge. Pyridostigmine, atropine, and either 2-PAM or HI6 were completely effective against CMPF, saving ten of ten animals in each group. In comparison, three of five animals challenged with 5 × LD50 of soman and treated with atropine and 2-PAM survived 7 days. The primary histologic lesions in the acute toxicity group were neuronal degeneration/necrosis and spinal cord hemorrhage. The CMPF treated groups (total of 20 animals) had minimal nervous system changes with no significant lesion difference resulting from the different oxime therapies. The primary non-neural lesions were degenerative cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle degeneration which occasionally progressed to necrosis and mineralization. The results indicate that PYR pretreatment in conjunction with atropine and oxime treatment is an effective regimen against battlefield relevant levels (5 × LD50) of CMPF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: autoinjector ; wet/dry ; HI-6 ; atropine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Commercially manufactured wet/dry autoinjectors containing atropine in solution and powdered HI-6 were evaluated using HPLC for consistency of drug delivery with various solvation times and stability of drugs postsolvation at a temperature of 40°C. Three configurations of autoinjector were tested. System A (SYS A), with a specified mixing time of 5 sec, delivered a volume of 3.0 ml containing 1.86 mg of atropine sulfate and 443 mg of the bispyridinium oxime HI-6 dichloride. System Bl (SYS Bl) and System B2 (SYS B2), with specified mixing times of 40 sec, delivered volumes of 2.3 ml containing 2.13 and 2.06 mg atropine citrate and 424 and 545 mg HI-6 dichloride, respectively. Average coefficients of variation for SYS A were 3.4% for atropine and 5.8% for HI-6 and for SYS Bl and B2 were 5.2% for atropine and 7.0% for HI-6 determinations. Stored from 3 to 14 days at 40°C after the autoinjector contents were mixed, SYS A delivered 1.77 mg atropine sulfate and SYS Bl and B2 delivered 2.02 mg atropine citrate. The delivery of HI-6 dichloride decreased with a half-life of 34 days for SYS A, 39 days for SYS Bl, and 32 days for SYS B2. This resulted in a decrease to 90% of the respective day 0 amount after 4 (SYS A) or 5 (SYS Bl or B2) days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes equations ; Euler equations ; Finite element ; Hypersonic laminar-viscous flow ; Time marching ; Shock wave interactions ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An upwind finite element technique that uses cell-centred quantities and implicit and/or explicit time marching has been developed for computing hypersonic laminar viscous flows using adaptive triangular grids. The approach is an extension to unstructured grids of the LAURA algorithm due to Gnoffo. A structured grid of quadrilaterals is laid out near a solid surface. For inviscid flows the method is stable at Courant numbers of over 100000. A first-order basic scheme and a higher-order flux-corrected transport (FCT) scheme have been implemented. This technique has been applied to the problem of predicting type III and IV shock wave interactions on a cylinder, with a view to simulating the pressure and heating rate augmentation caused by an impinging shock on the leading edge of a cowl lip of an engine inlet. The predictions of wall pressure and heating rates compare very well with experimental data. The flow features are distinctly captured with a sequence of adaptively generated grids.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 185 (1985), S. 101-114 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Paraffin sections of an ontogenetic series of embryos of the viviparous lizard Gerrhonotus coeruleus and the oviparous congener G. multicarinatus reveal that although general features of the development of the chorioallantoic and yolk sac membranes are similar, differences are evident in the distribution of the chorioallantoic membrane in late stage embryos. An acellular shell membrane surrounds the egg throughout gestation in both species although the thickness of this structure is much reduced in G. coeruleus over that of G. multicarinatus. The initial vascular membrane to contact the shell membrane in both species is a trilaminar omphalopleure (choriovitelline membrane) composed of ectoderm, mesoderm of the area vasculosa, and endoderm. This transitory membrane is replaced by the vascularized chorioallantois as the allantois expands to contact the inner surface of the chorion. Prior to the establishment of the chorioallantois at the embryonic pole, a membrane begins to form within the yolk ventral to the sinus terminalis. This membrane, which becomes vascularized, extends across the entire width of the abembryonic region and isolates a mass of yolk ventral to the yolk mass proper. The outer membrane of the yolk pole is a nonvascular bilaminar omphalopleure (chorionic ectoderm and yolk endoderm). In G. multicarinatus the bilaminar omphalopleure is supported internally by the vascularized allantoic membrane, whereas in G. coeruleus the allantois does not extend beyond the margin of the isolated yolk mass and the bilaminar omphalopleure is supported by the vascularized intravitelline membrane. Both the chorioallantoic placenta (uterine epithelium, chorionic ectoderm and mesoderm, and allantoic mesoderm and endoderm) and the yolk sac placenta at the abembryonic pole (uterine epithelium, chorionic ectoderm, and yolk sac endoderm) persist to the end of gestation in G. coeruleus.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 220 (1994), S. 223-236 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A unique type of reptilian allantoplacenta was described by Weekes [1930] (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 55:550-576) from a single embryonic stage of the Tasmanian skink, Niveoscincus ocellatus (as Lygosoma (Liolepisma) ocellatum). She also assigned N. metallicus to this placental category but did not provide a description. Here we provide a description of allantoplacentation and yolk sac placentation of N. metallicus. The allantoplacenta is regionally differentiated and differs from other reptilian allantoplacentae by the presence of a zone of hypertrophied chorionic epithelial cells in apposition to uterine blood vessels which are contained within ridges formed from uterine epithelial cells. This zone is located dorsolaterally along the long axis of the egg at the upper margin of the yolk sac. In contrast, the cells of the chorionic epithelium dorsal to the embryo are smaller and the uterine blood vessels are not contained in ridges. The definitive yolk sac placenta is an omphaloplacenta. The bilaminar omphalopleure of the omphaloplacenta consists of an outer layer of cuboidal or columnar cells. Cells of the uterine epithelium of the omphaloplacenta are cuboidal or columnar in shape and are supported by uterine blood vessels. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 205 (1990), S. 33-43 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Development of the extraembryonic membranes and their structural alignment in the formation of the four placental categories that occur in Virginia striatula is similar to that of other Serpentes. The vascularized trilaminar omphalopleure contacts the uterine epithelium early in development to form the choriovitelline placenta, which subsequently extends over the surface of the yolk to its limit at the margin of the isolated yolk mass. As in other squamates, the isolated yolk mass is separated from the yolk sac by the growth of intravitelline cells into the yolk. The bilaminar omphalopleure (ectoderm, endoderm) of the isolated yolk mass contributes the fetal epithelium of the omphaloplacenta. During formation of the omphidoplacenta, the allantois makes its initial contact with the chorion dorsal to the embryo. As the allantois expands, the chorioallantoic placenta gradually replaces the choriovitelline placenta. The terminal placental stage is defined by an extensive chorioallantoic placenta and an omphalallantoic placenta associated with the isolated yolk mass. Although similar in most aspects to the omphalallantoic placentae of other snakes, a secondary yolk cleft develops in V. striatula. This structure, which separates the outer allantoic membrane from the isolated yolk mass, has not been described in other squamates. The choriovitelline placenta and most of the surface of the chorioallantoic placenta are characterized by close vascular apposition, whereas the omphaloplacenta and omphalallantoic placenta feature uterine and fetal epithelial cell hypertrophy in the absence of fetal vascular support. A narrow zone within the chorioallantoic placenta, lying on either side of the omphalallantoic placenta, contains hypertrophied epithelial cells with supporting capillaries on both fetal and maternal aspects.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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