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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of gastric acidity in intensive care patients: Intermittent pH registration cannot replace continuous pH monitoring (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 220-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Pneumonia ; Gastric pH ; Colonization ; Stress ulcer prophylaxis ; Nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To test the accuracy of colour-scaled indicator papers to measure pH values and to study the correlation between this method of measuring gastric juice pH once daily and 24-h continuous intragastric pH monitoring in intensive care patients. Design The accuracy of indicator papers was tested in the laboratory using colourless solutions and aspirated gastric juice and was then verified with a laboratory pH meter. Continuous intragastric pH monitoring was performed in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Percentages of time with a pH value 〈3.0 and median pH values by 24-h continuous intragastric pH monitoring were compared to pH values measured once daily with indicator paper. Setting A mixed ICU. Patients A total of 150 measurements were taken by continuous pH monitoring in 91 mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Measurements and results The correlation between the pH measured with the indicator paper and subsequently verified with a laboratory pH meter in colourless solutions was 0.96 [regression coefficient (RC) 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91–1.05]. Measured in gastric juice it was 0.95 (RC 0.95, 95% CI 0.88–1.01). The correlation between median pH values, determined with 24-h continuous intragastric pH monitoring, and values measured with indicator papers was 0.39 (RC 0.43, 95% CI 0.26–0.59). The mean difference in pH, as determined by the analysis of Bland and Altman [22], was 0.9 with a SD of 4.7. The correlation between the percentage of time with pH〈3.0, as obtained with continuous registration, and median gastric pH values (also obtained with continuous registration) was−0.94 (RC−0.06, 95% CI−0.06-−0.05); the correlation between the time and gastric pH values (measured with indicator paper) was−0.40 (RC−0.02, 95% CI−0.03-−0.02). Conclusion The colour-scaled indicator paper is an accurate method of measuring pH values, but there is a poor correlation between gastric pH values measured once daily and a total measurement derived from 24-h continuous intragastric pH monitoring. Changes in intragastric pH values cannot be accurately studied when measuring acidity once daily. The influence of various treatment regimens on intragastric acidity in relation to the development of gastric colonization and nosocomial pneumonia should be investigated either with continuous intragastric monitoring or with frequent measurements in aspirated gastric juice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01712240
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of gastric acidity in intensive care patients: intermittent pH registration cannot replace continuous pH monitoring (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 220-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Pneumonia ; Gastric pH ; Colonization ; Stress ulcer prophylaxis ; Nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract   Objective: To test the accuracy of colour-scaled indicator papers to measure pH values and to study the correlation between this method of measuring gastric juice pH once daily and 24-h continuous intragastric pH monitoring in intensive care patients. Design: The accuracy of indicator papers was tested in the laboratory using colourless solutions and aspirated gastric juice and was then verified with a laboratory pH meter. Continuous intragastric pH monitoring was performed in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Percentages of time with a pH value 〈3.0 and median pH values by 24-h continuous intragastric pH monitoring were compared to pH values measured once daily with indicator paper. Setting: A mixed ICU. Patients: A total of 150 measurements were taken by continuous pH monitoring in 91 mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Measurements and results: The correlation between the pH measured with the indicator paper and subsequently verified with a laboratory pH meter in colourless solutions was 0.96 [regression coefficient (RC) 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91–1.05]. Measured in gastric juice it was 0.95 (RC 0.95, 95% CI 0.88–1.01). The correlation between median pH values, determined with 24-h continuous intragastric pH monitoring, and values measured with indicator papers was 0.39 (RC 0.43, 95% CI 0.26–0.59). The mean difference in pH, as determined by the analysis of Bland and Altman [22], was 0.9 with a SD of 4.7. The correlation between the percentage of time with pH 〈3.0, as obtained with continuous registration, and median gastric pH values (also obtained with continuous registration) was −0.94 (RC −0.06, 95% CI −0.06–−0.05); the correlation between the time and gastric pH values (measured with indicator paper) was −0.40 (RC −0.02, 95% CI −0.03–−0.02). Conclusion: The colour-scaled indicator paper is an accurate method of measuring pH values, but there is a poor correlation between gastric pH values measured once daily and a total measurement derived from 24-h continuous intragastric pH monitoring. Changes in intragastric pH values cannot be accurately studied when measuring acidity once daily. The influence of various treatment regimens on intragastric acidity in relation to the development of gastric colonization and nosocomial pneumonia should be investigated either with continuous intragastric monitoring or with frequent measurements in aspirated gastric juice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01712240
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori serum antibodies in children with recurrent abdominal pain (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 151 (1992), S. 799-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Recurrent abdominal pain ; Children ; Helicobacter pylori ; Serum antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract As part of a large, prospective study we investigated the prevalenceHelicobacter pylori serum antibodies in children with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP). All patients suffered from recurrent bouts of abdominal pain for at least 6 months and ranged in age from 6 to 12 years.H. pylori antibodies were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The prevalence ofH. pylori antibodies in the RAP group was compared to that of a control group which consisted predominantly of pre-operative children. None of the control group suffered or had suffered from RAP. Antibodies toH. pylori were found in 7 of 82 (8.5%) RAP patients and in 2 of 39 (5.1%) control children. The latter difference is not significant and suggests that RAP is only rarely caused in children byH. pylori infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957927
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid staining of Campylobacter pyloridis (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 11 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1987.tb01863.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of 〈fr〉Lactobacillus plantarum〈/fr〉 299v on the bacterial composition and metabolic activity in faeces of healthy volunteers: a placebo-controlled study on the onset and duration of effects (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim : To study the onset and duration of a possible effect of a fermented oatmeal drink containing Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on the composition of the faecal flora of healthy volunteers in a placebo-controlled, double-blind study.Methods : Twenty-two participants consumed a fermented oatmeal drink with or without L. plantarum 299v for 4 weeks. Faecal samples were collected weekly: two samples before, four during and four after the consumption of the drink. Several bacterial species were counted and enzyme activities, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, endotoxin concentration and pH were determined. L. plantarum 299v was identified using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA.Results : In contrast with the placebo group, median lactobacilli counts increased significantly from 4.2 (3.4–6.3) to 8.2 (7.3–8.5) log colony-forming units/gram faeces (P = 0.005) after 1 week of consumption of L. plantarum 299v, thereafter remaining stable during the treatment period. One week after cessation, a significant decrease in lactobacilli [to 4.4 (2.2–6.5) log colony-forming units/gram faeces] was observed (P = 0.003). These lactobacilli were identified as L. plantarum 299v. All other bacterial counts, enzyme activities, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, endotoxin concentration and pH remained unchanged.Conclusions : L. plantarum 299v significantly increased the number of lactobacilli in the faecal flora within 1 week, and this effect disappeared within 1 week after cessation of intake. No other changes in bacterial counts and metabolic products were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01708.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RESTRICTION AND MODIFICATION OF PHAGES IN STAPHYLOCOCCAL PHAGE TYPING (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 236 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb41504.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A piperacillin-tazobactam resistant Escherichia coli strain isolated from a faecal sample of a healthy volunteer (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract As part of a surveillance programme of the prevalence of antibiotic resistance, the faecal bacteria of healthy people (n= 1348) were examined, and the antibiotic resistance of the Escherichia coli strains determined. One strain out of 142 amoxycillin-resistant isolates, E. coli strain 1662, was also resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam but susceptible to amoxycillin-clavulanic acid. The piperacillin-tazobactam resistance determinant was transferable to standard E. coli strains by conjugation. However, the strain produced a β-lactamase with several characteristics very similar to those of the TEM-1 β-lactamase, i.e. pI of 5.4, an Mr value of 22 000 and a comparable substrate profile. The enzyme was as efficiently inhibited by clavulanic acid and tazobactam as the TEM-1 and TEM-2 β-lactamases but more than the amoxycillin-clavulanic acid-resistant TRC-1 enzyme. The transferable resistance to piperacillin-tazobactam appears to be mediated by a novel resistance mechanism that has previously not been described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1995.tb00096.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for lectin-mediated adherence ofMoraxella catarrahlis (1995)
    Springer
    Infection 23 (1995), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 86 klinische Isolate vonMoraxella catarrhalis wurden auf ihre Fähigkeit zur Agglutination mit verschiedenen Erythrozytenarten geprüft. 12 der geprüften Isolate zeigten keinerlei Agglutination mit Erythrozyten. 65 reagierten mit menschlichen Erythrozyten der Blutgruppen A, B und 0 und 26 mit Erythrozyten von Kaninchen, Meerschweinchen, Hunden oder Ratten. Keines der Isolate agglutinierte Erythrozyten von Schafen oder Ziegen. Die Agglutinationstiter lagen in einem Bereich von 0–64. Die Isolate boten 13 verschiedene Agglutinationsmuster. Die Agglutinationsfähigkeit war abhängig von Ca++ und wurde durch Proteasen, Temperaturen über 50°C und die Zugabe von D-Glukosamin oder D-Galaktosamin gehemmt. Die Fähigkeit vonM. catarrhalis, sich an Trachealepithel anzuheften, korrelierte mit dem Agglutinationstiter und konnte durch dieselben Behandlungen gehemmt werden. Diese Daten bieten deutliche Hinweise dafür, daß die Adhärenz vonM. catarrhalis durch Lektine auf der Oberfläche der Bakterienzelle vermittelt wird.
    Notes: Summary Clinical isolates ofMoraxella catarrhalis (n=86) were evaluated for their haemagglutinating activity with different types of erythrocytes. Of all the isolates tested, 12 did not agglutinate with any of the erythrocytes, whereas 65 reacted with human erythrocytes of type A, B, and 0, and 26 with erythrocytes from rabbit, guinea pig, dog, or rat. None of the isolates agglutinated with sheep and goat erythrocytes. The agglutination titres ranged from 0 to 64. Among these isolates, 13 different agglutination patterns could be distinguished. The agglutinating activity was Ca2+-dependent and was inhibited by proteases, by temperatures exceeding 50°C and by the addition of D-glucosamine or D-galactosamine. The adherence capacity of theM. catarrhalis isolates to tracheal epithelium correlated with their agglutination titre and could be inhibited by the same treatments. These data provide strong evidence that adherence ofM. catarrhalis is mediated by lectins located on the bacterial surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01710056
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Value of phenotyping methods as an initial screening ofPseudomonas aeruginosa in epidemiologic studies (1997)
    Springer
    Infection 25 (1997), S. 350-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary When studying the epidemiology ofPseudomonas aeruginosa, determination of the similarity of isolates is crucial. In the present study the distinctive capacity of four phenotyping methods (antibiotic susceptibility patterns, serotyping, phage-typing and outer membrane protein [OMP] profile analysis) was determined and compared to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of enzyme restricted chromosomal DNA. In all, 91 isolates ofP. aeruginosa were cultured from ten patients. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were concordant for all isolates. Serotyping yielded five, phage-typing eight, OMP profile analysis nine and PFGE seven distinct types ofP. aeruginosa. Compared to PFGE, the distinctive capacities were 89% (81/91) for serotyping, 87% (79/91) for phage-typing, and 90% (82/91) for OMP profile analysis. When serotyping results were different, PFGE types also were different (exclusiveness 100%). However, isolates with the same serotype may have various PFGE patterns. In contrast, isolates with similar PFGE patterns could have different phage-types or OMP types. For the study of isolates ofP. aeruginosa, serotyping provides a good initial selection to reduce the number of isolates that need to be genotyped.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01740816
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibiotic resistance ofEscherichia coli in fecal samples of healthy people in two different areas in an industrialized country (1992)
    Springer
    Infection 20 (1992), S. 258-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Escherichia coli-Resistenz gegen Ampicillin, Tetracyclin, Sulfamethoxazol, Trimethoprim und Nitrofurantoin wurde in Isolaten aus Stuhlproben von 310 gesunden Personen aus zwei Bevölkerungsgruppen verschiedener Regionen der Niederlande geprüft. In beiden Populationen fanden sich hohe Resistenzraten von 28% gegen Trimethoprim bis 89% gegen Ampicillin. Der Prozentsatz von Stuhlproben mit dominant resistenterE. coli-Flora (mehr als 50% resistente Stämme) war eindeutig geringer mit 1% für Nitrofurantoin und 21 für Tetracyclin. Der Grad der Resistenz war zwischen den vergleichbaren Populationen dieser zwei verschiedenen Regionen nicht signifikant verschieden. Die Empfindlichkeit der von 456 Personen isoliertenE. coli-Stämmen gegen 11 Antibiotika wurde untersucht. Die Resistenzraten zeigten erhebliche Unterschiede von 80% für Chloramphenicol bis 9% für Nitrofurantoin. Nur 19% der Isolate waren gegen alle Testantibiotika empfindlich, 14% waren gegen mehr als vier der Testsubstanzen resistent. Die beiden Populationen wiesen große Unterschiede in den Resistenzraten gegen Chloramphenicol (80% gegenüber 41%) und Trimethoprim (16% gegenüber 36%) auf. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie bestätigen das Vorliegen eines Reservoirs an resistenten Mikroorganismen beim Menschen.
    Notes: Summary Fecal samples of 310 healthy persons, from two populations from different areas in the Netherlands, were examined for the presence ofEscherichia coli resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and nitrofurantoin. High prevalences of resistance were found in both populations, ranging from 28% for trimethoprim to 89% for ampicillin. The percentages of the fecal samples with a dominantly resistantE. coli flora (〉 50% resistance) were distinctly lower, ranging from 1% for nitrofurantoin to 21% for tetracycline. No significant differences in the level of resistance were observed between these two comparable populations in two different areas. The susceptibilities to 11 antimicrobial agents of 456 at random isolatedE. coli were determined. The percentages of resistance varied widely: from 80% for chloramphenicol to 9% for nitrofurantoin. Only 19% of the isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested and 14% were resistant to more than four of the agents tested. Great differences in resistance rates between the two populations examined were seen for chloramphenicol (80% to 41%) and trimethoprim (16% to 36%). The results of this study underscore the presence of a human reservoir of antibiotic resistant microorganisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01710790
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