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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Liver ultrastructure ; Temperature adaptation ; Fish ; Peroxisomes ; DAB Cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological alterations of hepatocytes of golden ide, Leuciscus idus melanotus, following adaptation to low and high temperatures (14 and 28°C) were investigated by means of light and electron microscopy. The temperature-dependent behaviour of peroxisomes was visualized cytochemically with the alkaline diaminobenzidine medium; the morphological studies were supplemented by the biochemical determination of catalase activity. Cold adaptation of ide hepatocytes is manifested by proliferation and stacking of endoplasmic reticulum, an enhanced secretory activity of Golgi fields and a higher number of peroxisomes as compared with the warmadapted animals. The latter organelles are characterized by a marked heterogeneity in size, shape and catalase activity, and by a more intimate association with mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. The occurrence of small peroxisomal profiles is restricted to lower temperature. Catalase activity can be shown both cytochemically and biochemically to increase during cold adaptation. Whereas the number of mitochondria seems to be unaffected by thermal adaptation, stacking of mitochondria as well as the formation of intramitochondrial membrane piles indicate cold-adaptive processes. A feature typical of warm-adaptation is the formation of membrane-glycogen complexes, which may represent the morphological expression of enhanced carbohydrate metabolism documented in a decreased storage of glycogen at 28°C. At 28°C lipid is the predominant storage product. These findings indicate that fish liver is well-suited to serve as a model for the analysis of the interaction of environmental temperature conditions and hepatic morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 63 (1968), S. 251-342 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Comparative studies on the segmental musculature of about seventy benthic polychaetes were conducted. The errant polychaetes comprise a central type and three radiating lines of evolution. It is suggested that those families with a complicated muscle system are a primitive stock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Verlauf von 10wöchigem Nahrungsentzug unterliegen die großen Zellen der Mitteldarmdrüsen von Armadillidium vulgare und Porcellio scaber ultrastrukturellen Veränderungen, die denen entsprechen, welche von Ligia oceanica beschrieben wurden. Wiederfütterung mit verschiedenem Futter nach 6wöchigem Nahrungsentzug hat sehr verschiedene ultrastrukturelle Veränderungen zur Folge: Die dominierenden Merkmale sind Glykogen-Felder nach Saccharose-Gabe, elektronendichte Grana und große Vakuolen nach Protein, Lipideinschlüsse nach Butter und Fettkörper von Käferlarven sowie Sambucus-Blättern, Heterolysosomen nach Buchenlaub und Douglasien-Nadeln und elektronendichte Grana nach Bakterien (z.B. Bacillus subtilis). Das vielfältigste Bild zeigen die Zellen der Tiere, welche künstliches Nährmedium aufgenommen hatten.
    Notes: Summary Over a 10-week period of food deprivation the large epithelial cells of the hepatopancreas of Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellio scaber undergo ultrastructural changes that correspond to the conditions described previously from Ligia oceanica. Refeeding with different diets after a starvation period of 6 weeks results in very different ultrastructural aspects of the large epithelial cells. The dominant features are as follows: glycogen deposits (after a sucrose diet), electron dense granules and large vacuoles (protein diet), lipid droplets (butter, fat body of beetle larvae, litter of Sambucus), heterolysosomes (litter of Fagus, needles of Pseudotsuga), and electron dense granules (bacteria, e.g. Bacillus subtilis). The most diversified ultrastructure was obtained 2 days after refeeding with an artificial diet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 79 (1974), S. 133-153 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung der Prosomadrüsen der Spinnmilben Bryobia praetiosa, Bryobia rubrioculus und Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychidae, Trombidiformes) erbrachte die folgenden Ergebnisse 1. Im Prosoma liegen eine unpaare Tracheendruse mit eigenem Ausführgang und drei paarige Drüsen, die über einen gemeinsamen Sammelkanal, den podocephalischen Kanal, entleert werden. Zwei der podocephalischen Drüsen, die ventrale und die dorsale podocephalische Drüse, sind acinös, die dritte tubulös. 2. Die tubuläre Drüse ist eine Coxaldrüse. Sie haft sich in drei Abschnitte gliedern: proximalen Tubulus, Zwischenstuck and distalen Tubulus. Die einzelnen Abschnitte zeigen die fur transportaktive Zellen charakteristischen Feinstrukturen wie apikale Einstülpüngen und basale Zellwandeinfaltungen in unterschiedlichem Maße. Ein Sacculus ist nicht nachweisbar. 3. Die acinösen podocephalischen Drüsen enthalten zahlreiche Protein- Granula. Sie zeigen die feinstrukturellen Besonderheiten, die für proteinsynthetisierende Zellen typisch sind: große Nucleoli, große Mengen von Ribosomen, die bei der dorsalen Drüse meist an ER gebunden sind, während sie bei der ventralen vorwiegend frei im Cytoplasma liegen. 4. Die Tracheendrüse setzt sich aus zahlreichen Zellen zusammen, die untereinander durch Ausläufer stark verschränkt sind. In den Zellen liegen kleine helle Sekreteinschlüsse. 5. Neben den genannten Drüsen besitzt Tetranychus urticae ein weiteres Paar großer, einzelliger Drüsen, die an der Pedipalpenspitze ausmunden. Die Drüsenzellen sind fast völlig von großen Vakuolen ausgefiillt, die ebenfalls ein Eiweißsekret enthalten. 6. Diese Drüse ist die Spinndrüse. Ihr Sekret wird als Faden mit Hilfe einer hohlen Borste an jeder Pedipalpenspitze abgegeben. Drüse and Borste fehlen den nichtspinnenden Bryobia praetiosa und Bryobia rubrioculus.
    Notes: Summary The prosomal glands of the spider mites Bryobia praetiosa, Bryobia rubrioculus and Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychidae, Trombidiformes) were investigated with the light and electron microscopes. The following results were obtained: 1. An unpaired tracheal gland with its own secretory duct and three paired glands with a common duct, the podocephalic canal, are found in the prosoma. Two of the podocephalic glands, the ventral and dorsal, are acinous; the third is tubulous. 2. The tubular gland is a coxal gland. It can be divided into three parts: proximal tubule, intercalated segment and distal tubule. The individual parts exhibit to varying degrees the fine structure characteristic of transport-active cells, e.g. apical and basal invaginations. A saccule is not present. 3. The acinous podocephalic glands contain numerous protein granules. The secretory cells exhibit the fine structure which characterizes protein-secreting cells: big nucleoli, large amounts of ribosomes, which in the dorsal gland are usually attached to ER-membranes but occur freely in the cytoplasm of the ventral gland. 4. The tracheal gland consists of numerous cells, which are connected laterally by numerous interdigitations. The cytoplasm contains small pale secretory inclusions. 5. In addition to the above glands, Tetranychus urticae possesses an additional pair of large unicellular glands that open out at the tip of the pedipalpus. The glandular cells are almost completely filled with large vacuoles, which also contain a proteinaceous secretory product. 6. This gland is the silk gland. Its secretory product forms a thread which extends from the tip of each pedipalpus with the aid of a hollow hair. Gland and hair are absent in Bryobia praetiosa and B. rubrioculus which do not form webs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 87 (1977), S. 263-276 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Alle Teile des männlichen Genitaltraktes vonOpisthopatus cinctipes sind an der Entstehung der Spermatophore beteiligt. In den Spermatocyten der Hoden werden in großer Zahl elektronendichte Sekreteinschlüsse produziert, die in den Vesiculae seminales zusammenfließen und aus der Spermatide in das Vesicula-Lumen entlassen werden. Während der Spermiocytogenese wird ein zweiter Typ von Einschlußkörpern gebildet, den wir als Akrosom-Vesikel deuten; auch er wird in der Samenblase ausgeschleust. In der Passage durch die Vasa efferentia werden fast reife Spermien und Sekret voneinander getrennt. An der Peripherie liegen die Sekrete, im Zentrum die Spermien. Im Vas deferens werden die Samenpakete von einer mehrschichtigen Sekrethülle umgeben. Durch den muskulösen Ductus ejaculatorius wird die Spermatophore abgegeben, auch in ihm finden sich Drüsenzellen. Dem Transport dienen in Vasa efferentia und Vas deferens Cilien.
    Notes: Summary All parts of the male genital tract ofOpisthopatus cinctipes are involved with the formation of the Spermatophore. In the spermatocytes within the testes a Golgi apparatus produces electron dense secretory granules merging into one large droplet, which is extruded by the spermatid within the seminal vesicle. A second vesicular structure is formed near the plasmamembrane of the spermatids by a Golgi apparatus. It is presumably an acrosome vesicle and is extruded into the seminal vesicle, too. During the passage through the vasa efferentia secretory products and sperm-cells are separated from each other, the secretory products building an envelope around the spermatozoa. The epithelium of the vas deferens adds a multilayered outer covering. Some parts of the male genital tract bear cilia (vasa efferentia, vas deferens).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die paarigen Hoden vonTetranychus urticae sind wie die anderer prostigmater Milben in einen Keimteil und einen Drüsenteil, der ein weites Lumen (Hodenlumen) enthält, gegliedert. Der Drüsenteil ist schlauchförmig und geht in eine anfangs paarige, dann unpaarige Vesicula seminalis über. DerTetranychus- Penis besteht aus zwei verschiedenen Teilen: einer Ausstülpung der Körperwand, die vom Ductus ejaculatorius durchzogen wird, und einer ventral davon gelegenen kutikularen Einstülpung, an deren proximalem Ende Penisprotraktoren ansetzen. Eine Beschreibung der Feinstruktur der einzelnen Elemente des männlichen Genitaltraktes sowie des Receptaculum seminis des Weibchens wird gegeben. Der Keimteil des Hodens wird aufgebaut von einer vielkernigen somatischen Zelle, die die Keimzellen umgibt. Die Spermiocytogenese ist durch folgende Vorgänge gekennzeichnet: Einfaltung der Zellmembran, Degeneration von Zellorganellen, Größenabnahme und Kondensation von Kern und Cytoplasma. Kinocilie und Akrosomkomplex werden nicht ausgebildet. Die Spermien verlassen den Keimteil als kugelige Gebilde, die abgeschnürten Einstülpungen liegen als periphere Vesikel unter der Zellmembran. Das Chromatin ist kugelförmig zusammengeballt, eine Kernhülle ist nicht vorhanden. Mitochondrien, Golgi-Apparat und Ribosomen sind verschwunden. Im Receptaculum seminis bekommen die Spermien eine unregelmäßige Gestalt mit fingerförmigen Ausläufern. Unter der Zellmembran und parallel zu ihr liegen zahlreiche Tubuli.
    Notes: Summary The paired testes of the spider miteTetranychus urticae are divided in a part producing germ cells and a secretory portion with a vast lumen. The secretory part is tubular and is connected to a vesicula seminalis that begins with paired pieces and then becomes unpaired. The penis is composed of two different parts: an evagination of the body wall that is penetrated by the ejaculatory duct and a ventral cuticular invagination the proximal part of which is an insertion for protractor muscles. The ultrastructures of the male genital tract and of the receptaculum seminis of the female are described in detail. The germinal epithelium is built up of a multinuclear somatic cell which envelops the germ cells. The spermiogenesis is characterized by the following features: invagination of the plasma membrane, degeneration of cell organelles, reduction in size and condensation of nucleus and cytoplasm. The germ cells lack flagellum and aerosome. The sperms leave the germ producing part of the testis with roundish shape, the invaginations — now pinched off the cell membrane — are to be seen as peripherally located vesicles. The chromatin is condensed, a nuclear envelope is absent. Mitochondria, a Golgi apparatus and ribosomes are reduced. In the receptaculum seminis the sperms are of irregular shape, they bear finger-shaped processes. Below the cell membrane numerous tubules are to be found.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 100 (1982), S. 217-222 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The coelomic space in the trunk of the arrow worm Sagitta elegans is lined by a thin epithelium, which may be termed coelomic epithelium. The visceral part of this epithelium is composed of flat cells characterized by thin and thick myofilaments, which constitute the circular musculature of the gut. In addition mitochondria, rough ER, and smooth walled cisterns, as well as vesicular and granular inclusions occur; the apical and basal plasma membranes exhibit no particular specializations. The parietal epithelium is exceedingly thin and covers the muscle cells of the body wall. In the lateral fields columnar ciliated cells are to be found which are rich in rough ER cisterns and which apparently are also coelomic epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Ultrastruktur des Genitaltraktes vonPeripatopsis moseleyi wird beschrieben. Im Hoden finden sich neben somalischen Zellen Spermatogonien und Spermatocyten. In letzteren werden in gro\er Zahl Sekreteinschlüsse gebildet, die spÄter zusammenflie\en und abgegeben werden; sie sind noch in der Spermatophore nachweisbar. Die Spermiocytogenese lÄuft in den Vesiculae seminales ab. Kernkondensation und -Umformung, Mittelstückformation und Akrosombildung werden beschrieben. Das reife Spermium hat einen langgestreckten Kern, ein Mittelstück, das nur aus Mitochondrien besteht, und einen Schwanz mit verschiedenen Mikrotubulus-Formationen. Die Spermatophorenbildung geht mit intensiver Sekretion der Epithelzellen des Vas deferens einher.
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the male genital tract ofPeripatopsis moseleyi has been examined under the electron microscope. In the testes somatic cells, spermatogonia and spermatocytes occur. In the spermatocytes electron-dense granules are built by the Golgi-apparatus. They are released from the developing spermatid and can still be detected in the spermatophore. The spermiogenesis takes place in the seminal vesicles. Nuclear condensation and elongation, formation of middle piece and acrosome are described. The mature sperm cell has an elongated nucleus, a middle piece containing mitochondria only and a tail with 9+2-formation and accessory microtubule systems. The spermatophore is built within the vas deferens the epithelial cells of which secrete great amounts of material enveloping the sperm mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The small cells of the midgut glands of Armadillidium vulgare, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber, and Alloniscus oahuensis were examined by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis, histochemistry, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Inclusions containing large amounts of heavy metals were the most prominent feature of these cells. Various areas of the midgut glands exhibited large differences in storage capacity. Juveniles were free of lead.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The morphological alterations of hepatocytes of female zebrafish,Brachydanio rerio, and fingerling rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri, following prolonged exposure to 0.04, 0.2 and 1 mg/L of 4-chloroaniline were investigated by means of light and electron microscopy. Changes in peroxisomes were visualized by cytochemical demonstration of catalase activity after incubation in the alkaline diaminobenzidine medium. The amount of storage products was illustrated by the silver impregnation technique. In a dose-dependent manner, the reaction of female zebrafish liver is characterized by a disturbance of hepatocytic compartmentation, progressive fenestration and fractionation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), a decrease in the number of peroxisomes and catalase activity, stratified inclusions in mitochondria, and an augmentation of lysosomes and myelinated bodies. Trout hepatocytes display nuclear inclusions, fractionation and vesiculation of the RER, and an increase in mitochondria, but a decrease of peroxisomes and catalase activity. Whereas glycogen stores are exhausted at 1 mg/L 4-chloroaniline, lipid deposits are amplified. An elevated rate of hepatocytic mitosis as well as the occurrence of glycogen-condensing cells probably derived from hepatocytes indicate the induction of proliferative processes in trout liver. Evaluation and comparison of results with earlier reports suggest that despite the unspecificity of some alterations the combination of pathological symptoms yields a syndrome specific of the species and the substance studied. As a consequence, histological and cytological investigations are recommended as a routine supplement in an integrated test schedule for the assessment of sublethal effects of pollutants in the aquatic environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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