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  • 1
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The relative effects of inter- and intra-specific competition on the distribution of stocked salmon in relation to depth and gradient were investigated in an upland stream during two summer sampling periods. The stream was divided into two areas by an impassable fish barrier, and trout were removed from the upstream section prior to 2 years of salmon stocking. A small amount of trout re-immigration to the cleared area occurred. Under sympatric conditions in the downstream section the fry of both species were significantly more abundant in shallow water, whereas the yearling and older fish tended to inhabit the deeper, slow-flowing areas. Under near allopatric conditions in the cleared section salmon fry changed their distribution to include deeper areas, with shallow, fast-flowing water becoming the least preferred habitat. This trend for a wide distribution of salmon fry over all the available habitat in the upstream section was maintained in the second year when parr were present but trout remained at very low densities. It was therefore concluded that high inter-specific competition from trout was responsible for restricting the distribution of salmon fry to shallow habitat in the control area. Intra-specific competition from older salmon apparently only affected the growth and survival of salmon fry. The regulating mechanisms involved in these inter- and intra-specific effects are discussed in terms of competition for stream resources and predation. Recommendations based on the findings are made for stocking and habitat management of salmonid waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The relative effects of inter- and intra-specific competition on the survival and growth of stocked salmon were investigated in an upland trout stream during summer and winter sampling periods. The stream was divided into two areas by an impassable fish barrier, and trout were removed from the upstream section prior to 2 years of salmon stocking. Salmon fry stocked into the cleared area survived more than twice as well and grew significantly larger than those stocked into the area containing trout and older salmon. Intra-specific competition from older salmon in the second year of stocking in the cleared area significantly reduced the survival and growth of the O+ salmon. However, these were still significantly larger and survived better than those in the control area where inter-specific competition from trout was maintained. Some immigration of trout to the cleared area occurred; these showed greatly enhanced growth rates compared to those in the control area, reflecting low intra-specific trout competition in the former. Inter-specific competition effects of older salmon on both trout fry growth and survival were also detected, although the latter did not become apparent until the winter. This is discussed in terms of the relative importance of biotic and abiotic regulating mechanisms. Evidence of allopatric niche segregation is also discussed, since salmon in the cleared area did not have a biomass equivalent to that in the area which also contained trout.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 20 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The distribution of various age classes of salmon and trout was assessed in upland streams by electrofishing. Water depths and site gradients were measured and correlated to fish densities. The fry of both species were significantly more abundant in shallow water; up to 75·3% of salmon fry and 72·2% of trout fry were captured in sites of mean depth 〈 20 cm. Older trout were found mainly in the deeper areas, with a maximum of 7·4% captured in sites 〈 20 cm mean depth. Yearling fish were found in all the depth-ranges sampled, but with a tendency for higher numbers in mid-range depths. There were similar correlations in the abundance of each age class with the actual areas of shallow, mid-range and deep water habitat available within sites. Correlations of fish density with gradient indicated that trout were limited in their distribution to areas of lower flow, whereas salmon were not. Since depth and gradient were significantly negatively correlated, there was an apparent preference of trout for slightly deeper habitats than the equivalent year classes of salmon. The observed habitat segregation is discussed in terms of competition and selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 17 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The survival of salmon stocked in upland trout streams in the presence of salmon parr was found to be only about half the value recorded when trout alone made up the resident stock. Changes in the trout population were also recorded following the two years of salmon stocking, and these suggested that the presence of salmon parr may also influence trout fry survival. The findings are discussed in the context of habitat competition and total stream holding capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 12 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The survival rates of salmon stocked as eyed ova and green eggs in an upland trout stream were compared by electrofishing a number of sites during their first summer and at the end of their first complete year. The results were compared with the survival rates in the naturally spawning trout population. It was found that the survival rates from eyed ova were considerably better than that from green eggs and the results were discussed in the context of environmental effects and territorial competition in emerging fry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 12 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The efficiency of electric fishing for salmonids was found to decrease with increasing river width. The results demonstrated that mean efficiencies in excess of 50% could be obtained using two anodes up to a river width of about 6.5 m and using three anodes up to a river width of about 11 m. Yearling and older fish were captured more efficiently than fry at equivalent river widths and this was discussed in relation to differences in their behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 8 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. A semi-quantitative technique of assessing trout, Salmo trutta L., and juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., stocks in small rivers is described and evaluated against a commonly used quantitative method. The results indicate that for 0+ and 〉0+ juvenile salmon and trout a log10 n+1 transformed linear regression accounted for between 68.6% and 90.2% of the total variance in the relationship between the semi-quantitative and the quantitative result. The use of a categorization system is recommended and the applicability of the technique to an extensive juvenile salmonid monitoring programme is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 22 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Mark-recapture experiments using Carlin tags on migrating wild smolts in the River Bush indicated that 16·4% were not recovered under total trapping conditions. The experimental procedure was also found to delay the migration of the smolts by varying amounts. The implications for the use of this technique as a means of assessing both smott run sizes in partially trapped rivers and smolt migration speeds are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 15 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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