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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impurity Gettering Investigation in the Si-SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 System (1999)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 69-70 (Aug. 1999), p. 267-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/26/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.69-70.267.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between serum gastrin concentrations, colorectal adenomas and carcinomas
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 40 (1992), S. 172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-0115(92)90261-R
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the proliferation index in gastric carcinomas with the monoclonal antibody MIB 1 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 124 (1998), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key words Proliferation index ; Gastric carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Monoclonal antibody MIB 1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our study aimed to reveal whether the proliferation index of tumor cells, calculated with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) MIB1, is of prognostic relevance in patients with a gastric carcinoma and shows any correlation to well-known clinicopathological factors (TNM categories, stage, grade, Laurén type). We examined formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of samples from 94 patients, who underwent surgery for an adenocarcinoma of the stomach between 1988 and 1991. Specimens were immunohistochemically stained using the mAb MIB1 in combination with the alkaline-phosphatase/anti-(alkaline phosphatase) technique. The proliferation index (PI) was estimated in various areas of interest (tumor center and periphery and in lymph node metastases of compartments I and II), by always counting 200 tumor cells in three different high-power fields per specimen, and calculated as the percentage of MIB1-positive tumor cell nuclei relative to all tumor cell nuclei in the area examined. The total PI in the primary tumor was 47.2% and slightly higher in the center (49.1%) compared to the periphery (44.7%). Surprisingly in lymph node metastases the PI was lower than in the primary tumor (compartment I: 39.5%, compartment II: 33.6%). Tumors with distant metastases revealed a higher proliferative activity (55.1%) than tumors without (44.3%). The PI increased significantly from well to poorly differentiated carcinomas (P 〈 0.01), whereas the intestinal Laurén type showed a lower PI than the diffuse type. No difference in survival was found between patients with a median PI or less and those with a PI above the median (47.2%). Our results show that the proliferation index in gastric carcinomas has no prognostic relevance and therefore is of low clinical value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004320050133
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nerve cell loss in the thalamic centromedian-parafascicular complex in patients with Huntington's disease (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1996), S. 161-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Huntington's disease ; Human brain ; Thalamus ; Nuclei centromedianus-parafascicularis ; Neurone number
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The centromedian-parafascicular complex represents a nodal point in the neuronal loop comprising striatum – globulus pallidus – thalamus – striatum. Striatal neurone degeneration is a hallmark in Huntington's disease and we were interested in estimating total neurone and glial number in this thalamic nuclear complex. Serial 500-μm-thick gallocyanin-stained frontal sections of the left hemisphere from six cases of Huntington's disease patients (three females, three males) and six age- and sex-matched controls were investigated applying Cavalieri's principle and the optical disector. Mean neurone number in the controls was 646,952 ± 129,668 cells versus 291,763 ± 60,122 in Huntington's disease patients (Mann-Whitney U-test, P 〈 0.001). Total glial cell number (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and unclassifiable glial profiles) was higher in controls with 9,544,191 ± 3,028,944 versus 6,961,989 ± 2,241,543 in Huntington's disease patients (Mann-Whitney U-test, P 〈 0.021). Considerable increase of fibrous astroglia within the centromedian-parafascicular complex could be observed after Gallyas' impregnation. Most probably this cell type enhanced the numerical ratio between glial number and neurone number (glial index: Huntington's disease patients = 24.4 ± 8.1; controls = 15.0 ± 5.2; Mann-Whitney U-test, P 〈 0.013). The neurone number in the centromedian-parafascicular complex correlated negatively, although statistically not significantly, with the striatal neurone number. This lack of correlation between an 80% neuronal loss in the striatum and a 55% neurone loss in the centromedian-parafascicular complex points to viable neuronal circuits connecting the centromedian-parafascicular complex with cortical and subcortical regions that are less affected in Huntington's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050408
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tumorzelldissemination in das Knochenmark und in die Peritonealhohle eine immunzytochemische Untersuchung an Patienten mit einem Magen- oder kolorektalen Karzinom (1996)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 381 (1996), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Tumorausdehnung und die Radikalität des chirurgischen Eingriffs sind für die Prognose eines Patienten von großer Bedeutung. Trotz kurativer Resektion des Tumors versterben jedoch viele Patienten an den Folgen der Fernmetastasierung oder einem lokalen Rezidiv. Die Ursache dafür könnte eine frühe Dissemination von Tumorzellen sein, welche derzeit mit den herkömmlichen klinischen Untersuchungsmethoden noch nicht erfaßt werden kann. Aus diesem Grunde war es das Ziel unserer Studie, das Knochenmark und die Peritonealspülflüssigkeit von Patienten mit einem gastrointestinalen Karzinom auf Tumorzellen mit immunzytochemischer Technik zu untersuchen. Außerdem wollten wir wissen, ob eine Korrelation zur TNM-Klassifikation, zum Tumorstadium und zum Tumordifferenzierungsgrad vorliegt und ob dem Tumorzellnachweis prognostische Relevanz zukommt. Wir
    Notes: Abstract The tumor spread and the radicality of surgical resection are the most important facts in a patient's prognosis. In spite of curative tumor resection many patients die from metastases or local tumor recurrence. One possible reason is early dissemination of tumor cells which cannot be detected with clinical methods of examination. For this reason the aim of our study was to examine both bone marrow and peritoneal lavage for disseminated tumor cells with an immunocytochemical technique in patients with a gastrointestinal carcinoma. We also wanted to find out whether there was any correlation between the incidence of tumor cell detection and the TNM classification, staging and tumor grading and whether disseminated tumor cells have any prognostic significance. Our study included 54 patients who underwent surgery in our clinic for a carcinoma of the stomach (20 patients) or the colorectum (34 patients) from November 1993 to December 1994. At the beginning of the operation bone marrow had been taken from the iliac spine, and the abdomen was irrigated with 1000 ml saline solution immediately after laparotomy or laparoscopy. After cell separation with Ficoll density centrifugation 5 × 105 cells were applied per slide by a cytospin technique. For detection of the tumor cells we used the APAAP technique and the following monoclonal antibodies: KL1, CK2, anti-CEA, 17-1A (bone marrow) and Ber-EP4, B72.3, anti-CEA and 17-1A (peritoneal lavage). Altogether 77% of all patients had tumor cells in the bone marrow and 69% in peritoneal lavage fluid. It was possible to detect tumor cells in bone marrow (67%) and peritoneal lavage fluid (25%) even of patients with T1 tumors. The percentage increased with depth of wall infiltration. There was a marked difference in bone marrow aspirates between patients with lymph-node-negative tumors (N0) and those with lymph-node-positive tumors (N+): 65% had tumor cells in N0 and 85% in N+ stages. This trend was also seen in patients with (M1) and without (M0) metastases, in both bone marrow aspirates and peritoneal lavage fluid. In bone marrow there was a good correlation of tumor cells with staging, but in peritoneal lavage fluid this was not so. Finally, we detected tumor cells more often in bone marrow and peritoneal lavage fluid of patients with poorly differentiated tumors (G3) or diffuse Laurén type than in patients with moderately differentiated tumors (G2) or intestinal Laurén type. After a median follow-up period of 12.5 months patients with disseminated tumor cells had a lower survival rate than patients without tumor cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184256
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cortical and striatal neurone number in Huntington's disease (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 320-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Huntington's disease ; Human cerebral cortex ; Striatum ; Neurone number ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The total cortical and striatal neurone and glial numbers were estimated in five cases of Huntington's disease (three males, two females) and five age- and sex-matched control cases. Serial 500-μm-thick gallocyanin-stained frontal sections through the left hemisphere were analysed using Cavalieri's principle for volume and the optical disector for cell density estimations. The average cortical neurone number of five controls (mean age 53±13 years, range 36 – 72 years) was 5.97×109±320×106, the average number of small striatal neurones was 82×106±15.8×106. The left striatum (caudatum, putamen, and accumbens) contained a mean of 273×106±53×106 glial cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and unclassifiable glial profiles). The mean cortical neurone number in Huntington's disease patients (mean age 49±14 years, range 36 – 75 years) was diminished by about 33  % to 3.99×109±218×106 nerve cells (P≤ 0.012, Mann-Whitney U-test). The mean number of small striatal neurones decreased tremendously to 9.72 × 106± 3.64×106 ( – 88  %). The decrease in total glial cells was less pronounced (193 × 106±26 × 106) but the mean glial index, the numerical ratio of glial cells per neurone, increased from 3.35 to 22.59 in Huntington's disease. Qualitatively, neuronal loss was most pronounced in supragranular layers of primary sensory areas (Brodmann's areae 3,1,2; area 17, area 41). Layer IIIc pyramidal cells were preferentially lost in association areas of the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes, whereas spared layer IV granule cells formed a conspicuous band between layer III and V in these fields. Methodological issues are discussed in context with previous investigations and similarities and differences of laminar and lobar nerve cell loss in Huntington's disease are compared with nerve cell degeneration in other neuropsychiatric diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310376
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cortical and striatal neurone number in Huntington's disease (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 320-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Huntington's disease ; Human cerebral cortex ; Striatum ; Neurone number ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The total cortical and striatal neurone and glial numbers were estimated in five cases of Huntington's disease (three males, two females) and five age-and sex-matched control cases. Serial 500-μm-thick gallocyanin-stained frontal sections through the left hemisphere were analysed using Cavalieri's principle for volume and the optical disector for cell density estimations. The average cortical neurone number of five controls (mean age 53±13 years, range 36–72 years) was 5.97×109±320×106, the average number of small striatal neurones was 82×106±15.8×106. The left striatum (caudatum, putamen, and accumbens) contained a mean of 273×106±53×106 glial cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and unclassifiable glial profiles). The mean cortical neurone number in Huntington's disease patients (mean age 49±14 years, range 36–75 years) was diminished by about 33% to 3.99×109±218×106 nerve cells (P≦0.012, Mann-Whitney U-test). The mean number of small striatal neurones decreased tremendously to 9.72×106±3.64×106 (−88%). The decrease in total glial cells was less pronounced (193×106±26×106) but the mean glial index, the numerical ratio of glial cells per neurone, increased from 3.35 to 22.59 in Huntington's disease. Qualitatively, neuronal loss was most pronounced in supragranular layers of primary sensory areas (Brodmann's areae 3,1,2; area 17, area 41). Layer IIIc pyramidal cells were preferentially lost in association areas of the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes, whereas spared layer IV granule cells formed a conspicuous band between layer III and V in these fields. Methodological issues are discussed in context with previous investigations and similarities and differences of laminar and lobar nerve cell loss in Huntington's disease are compared with nerve cell degeneration in other neuropsychiatric diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310376
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of emitter topography on low-frequency noise characteristics of bipolar transistors (1993)
    Springer
    Radiophysics and quantum electronics 36 (1993), S. 798-803 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9120
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A topographic noise model of a bipolar transistor developed by the authors is used to study the current gain, distributed base resistance, and noise-voltage spectral density as functions of emitter topography. The contradictory opinions concerning the choice of the electrical and structural parameters of low-noise transistors are pointed out. It is established that bipolar transistors with minimal base resistance obtained by complication of the emitter topology have the best noise characteristics at elevated operating currents and frequencies. At low frequencies and currents the advantage is held by topographies that maximize the area-to-perimeter ratio of the emitter region-in particular, transistors with an annular emitter and a central base contact. The results of theoretical studies are confirmed experimentally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039714
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