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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Rolle der Milz bei hämolytischen Erkrankungen (1969)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 19 (1969), S. 99-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary On account of its anatomical structure and the related special circulatory dynamics the spleen basically has the ability for pooling and destruction of erythrocytes. These functions increase as the size of the organ increases and thus even normal erythrocytes are damaged mechanically and metabolically by prolonged and repeated pooling in the spleen. The cumulative effect may be a hemolytic anemia which is usally of a mild degree. Abnormal erythrocytes tolerate this stress uncomparatively worse. In these cases the spleen may become the cause of a severe hemolytic anemia. However, in the presence of erythrocyte damage which has already resulted in generalized intravascular hemolyses the hemolytic function of the spleen is of lesser importance simply on a quantitative basis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Auf Grund ihrer anatomischen Beschaffenheit und der damit verknüpften besonderen Kreislaufdynamik besitzt die Milz grundsätzlich die Fähigkeit zum “pooling” und zur Destruktion von Erythrozyten. Diese Funktionen nehmen mit der Vergrößerung des Organs zu, so daß selbst normale Erythrozyten durch verlängertes und wiederholtes “pooling” in der Milz mechanisch und metabolisch geschädigt werden und cumulativ eine, meist gering ausgeprägte, hämolytische Anämie entstehen kann. Abnormale Erythrozyten überstehen einen derartigen Stress ungleich schlechter. In diesen Fällen kann dann die Milz zur Ursache einer schweren hämolytischen Anämie werden. Liegen jedoch Erythrozytenschädigungen vor, die bereits zu generalisierten intravasalen Hämolysen führen, ist die hämolytische Funktion der Milz schon rein quantitativ von untergeordneter Bedeutung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01633091
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur selektiven Darstellung von eosinophilen Granulocyten und ihren Vorstufen in Ausstrichen und Schnitten (1970)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 48 (1970), S. 191-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A selective staining method for eosinophils and their precursors in smears and paraffin sections is described. The reaction bases on tryptophane like substances within eosinophilic granules, which can be demonstrated by a modified p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde-nitrite method after Adams. By this means eosinophilic granules are stained distinctively in a blue colour.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur selektiven Anfärbung der Eosinophilen und ihrer Vorstufen in Paraffinschnitten und Ausstrichen beschrieben. Aufgrund des Reichtums der eosinophilen Granula an tryptophanhaltigen Substanzen gelingt es, sie mit Hilfe von p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyd-Nitrit nach Adams darzustellen. Die eosinophilen Gra nula erscheinen dabei distinkt blau gefärbt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01584574
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autopsy findings in AIDS — A histopathological analysis of fifty cases (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 654-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: AIDS ; Autopsy ; Histopathology ; HIV ; Opportunistic infections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fifty consecutive AIDS autopsy cases were evaluated. All subjects showed one or more opportunistic infections and malignancies included in the AIDS case definition with cytomegalovirus and Kaposi's sarcoma being most prevalent. Mycobacterial and cryptococcal infections occurred only infrequently. Most patients of our series after successful treatment ofPneumocystis carinii pneumonia or cerebral toxoplasmosis later succumbed to less treatable conditions like disseminated cytomegalovirus or fungal infections or malignant lymphoma. In the absence of specific treatment for the HIV infection leading to these lethal complications special emphasis must be put on the prevention of HIV transmission and spread.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01875500
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Cytologie und Fermenteytochemie der menschlichen Milz (1967)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 45 (1967), S. 210-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A cytological and enzyme cytochemical (α-naphthyl-acetate-esterase, naphthol-AS-acetate-esterase, naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate-esterase, acid and alkaline phosphatase) analysis of human spleen cells in smear preparations was performed with special reference to littoral cells of splenic sinuses. These littoral cells show strong naphthol-AS-acetate-esterase and none or little α-naphthyl-acetate-esterase activity. Thus they can be differentiated from reticular cells and other cellular elements to be found in splenic smears. Morphology and enzyme cytochemistry of littoral cells render them to be a distinct cell type of human spleen.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In Ausstrichpräparaten menschlicher Milzen wurden cytologische und fermentcytochemische Untersuchungen (α-Naphthyl-acetat-Esterase, Naphthol-AS-acetat-Esterase, Naphthol-AS-D-Chlor-acetat-Esterase, saure Phosphatase und alkalische Phosphatase) durchgeführt. Dabei wurde besonders das Verhalten der Sinuswandzellen beobachtet. Es gelang, morphologische und enzymcytochemische Kriterien aufzuzeigen, aus denen ersichtlich ist, daß die Sinuswandzellen weder mit den Reticulumzellen noch mit anderen im Milzausstrich anzutreffenden Zellen identisch sind, sondern eine besondere, für die menschliche Milz sehr typische Zellform darstellen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716910
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hamartomas of the spleen: a study of 20 biopsy cases (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 14 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Twenty hamartomas of the spleen were studied by histological, immuno- and enzyme-histochemical methods. In all cases nodules of varying size resembling proliferation of splenic red pulp structures were present that exhibited considerable morphological variation with regard to plasmacytosis, extramedullary haematopoiesis and phagocytic activity of macrophages. Splenic red pulp structures could be identified by immuno- and enzyme-histochemical markers reacting with sinus endothelium, including Factor VIII related antigen, proteinase inhibitors and nonspecific esterases. In conjunction with the absence of organized lymphoid tissue and of dendritic reticulum cells these studies allow the differentiation of splenic hamartomas from haemangiomas that may possess a deceptively similar morphological appearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1989.tb02201.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spleen in Hodgkin's disease. An immunohistochemical study of lymphocyte subpopulations and macrophages (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 13 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lymphocyte subpopulations and macrophages in 16 spleens from patients with Hodgkin's disease were analysed immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies of the Leu and the Ki M series. In non-involved splenic tissue there is an increase of T-lymphocytes with an increased T-helper/T-suppressor cell ratio, while Ki M-1, -2, -3 and -5-positive, i.e. phenotypically different macrophages, are reduced. These results indicate that involvement of the spleen in Hodgkin's disease is accompanied by changes with respect not only to lymphocyte subpopulations but also to cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. The immunodeficiency associated with Hodgkin's disease is probably not solely due to lymphocyte dysfunction, since the disease may lead, at least in the spleen, to alterations in macrophages and accessory cells and this may contribute to the impairment of cell-mediated immunity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1988.tb02019.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of immunolocalization of the urokinase receptor expression in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: comparison with detection by non-isotopic in-situ hybridization (2000)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 36 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a pre-invasive form of mammary carcinoma with no microscopic evidence of cancer cell invasion through the basement membrane. However, for initiation of invasion, tumour cells have to acquire and focus proteolytic activity on to the cell surface in order to infiltrate the surrounding extracellular matrix. The receptor (uPA-R or CD87) for the serine protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) plays a central role in invasion and metastasis. This study was performed to determine and localize m-RNA and protein of uPA-R in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.〈section xml:id="abs1-1"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods and resultsWe analysed uPA-R mRNA and protein expression by in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in 50 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of DCIS. Three different antibodies were used to stain cell-associated uPA-R; chicken polyclonal antibody (pAb) HU277 and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) IID7 and 3936. In all cases, myoepithelial and stromal cells reacted with either antibody. Especially, reaction of macrophage-like cells with mAb 3936 resulted in a well-marked and bright staining. Applying mAb IID7, in 46 of the 50 breast specimens tumour cells showed a positive immunoreaction. Likewise pAb HU277 stained tumour cells in 40 of the 50 cases, whereas mAb 3936 reacted with only 24 of the 50 tissue sections. Endothelial cells were marked by both mAb IID7 and pAb HU277 (46/50 and 35/50, respectively); mAb 3936 did not label at all. All of the cell types stained by mAb IID7 and pAb HU277 also displayed reactivity with uPA-R mRNA-specific antisense oligonucleotides in in-situ hybridization.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionsOur results reveal the presence of the tumour invasion-related receptor for the protease uPA not only in invasive ductal breast carcinoma but also in different types of DCIS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2000.00899.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Säurefeste Spindelkörper in der menschlichen Milz (1975)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 368 (1975), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Säurefeste Spindelkörperchen wurden bisher nur in Lymphknoten beobachtet. Ihre Natur und ihre Ätiologie blieben unklar. Wir fanden sie auch in der menschlichen Milz. Ihr färberisches Verhalten und die Beziehungen zwischen ihrem Auftreten und dem Lebensalter, dem Geschlecht und dem Milzgewicht sowie zu bestimmten Krankheitsgruppen und Hämosiderinablagerungen wurden untersucht. Sie waren in 50% der Milzen bei hereditärer Sphärocytose und in 41,7 % der Milzen mit traumatischer Ruptur nachweisbar, dagegen nur in 2,3% aller anderen untersuchten Fälle verschiedener anderer Erkrankungen. Aus unseren Ergebnissen können wir schließen, 1. daß die säurefesten Spindelkörperchen aus Ceroid bestehen, 2. daß sie keine Erreger darstellen und somit keine Rolle für die Ätiologie der Sarkoidose spielen, 3. daß sie bei verstärktem Erythrocytenabbau gebildet werden können, 4. daß sie wahrscheinlich durch oxydative Polymerisation von Membranlipiden entstehen, 5. daß sie auch ohne Fettstoffwechselstörungen auftreten können.
    Notes: Summary Spindle-shaped acid-fast bodies have been identified only in lymph nodes till now. Their nature and their origin remained unclear. We have also found these bodies in the human spleen. Their staining reactions and their correlations to age, sex, weight of spleen, and to hemosiderin deposits were examined. They have been encountered in 50% of cases of hereditary spherocytosis and in 41.7% of cases of traumatic rupture of the spleen—but only in 2.3% of all other cases of groups of various other disorders. We conclude from our results that: 1. The spindle-shaped acid-fast bodies are made of ceroid. 2. They are not causative organisms and therefore cannot be of importance in the etiology of sarcoidosis. 3. They derive from increased destruction of erythrocytes. 4. They originate due to oxidative polymerization of membrane lipids. 5. They may also be found in absence of any fat-metabolism disturbance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432523
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and immunohistochemical studies of Hodgkin's disease in the spleen (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 415 (1989), S. 429-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hodgkin's disease ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microenvironment ; Spleen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hodgkin's disease in the spleen - with the exception of its B cell variant - behaves quite differently from non Hodgkin's lymphomas with respect to both its spread and microenvironment. Each type of HD appears to create its own microenvironment by the secretion of cytokines responsible for the characteristic cellular composition of the infiltrates and thereby alters the normal immunoarchitecture of the spleen profoundly. While some histological findings seem to imply the presence of a host response against HD especially in the nodular sclerosis subtype, morphological and immunohistochemical evidence in the spleen cannot conclusively substantiate this hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00747744
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymhistochemische, histometrische und ultrastrukturelle Untersuchungen von Milzen bei der Vinylchlorid-Krankheit (1977)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 375 (1977), S. 303-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Vinylchloride-disease ; Splenomegaly ; Electron microscopy ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Morphometrics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch histometrische, enzymhistochemische und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen konnte nachgewiesen werden, da\ die pathologischen MilzverÄnderungen bei der Vinylchlorid-Krankheit nicht durch hepatisch bedingte Pfortaderdruckerhöhung verursacht werden, sondern auf einer Gewebsalteration durch das Vinylchlorid oder dessen Metabolite beruhen. Dabei sind vor allem die faserbildenden Zellen der Milz beteiligt. Faserassoziierte Reticulumzellen in der roten Pulpa und fibroblastische Reticulumzellen in der wei\en Pulpa werden zu übermÄ\iger Bindegewebsneubildung stimuliert. Hierdurch kommt es in der roten Pulpa zur bindegewebigen Verödung der FiltrationsrÄume mit einer Reduzierung der Pulpastrangmakrophagen und in der wei\en Pulpa zu einer Vernarbung der periarteriellen Lymphscheiden. Die Folgen dieser Fibrosierungsprozesse sind charakteristische VerÄnderungen in der quantitativen Zusammensetzung der Gewebskomponenten, die sich deutlich von denjenigen in Milzen bei Lebercirrhose und Milzvenenthrombose unterscheiden.
    Notes: Summary By means of histometric, enzyme histochemical, and electron microscopic investigations it was demonstrated that the pathological changes in the spleen in vinylchloride-disease are primary. Fibroblastic cells are the only specific splenic cells involved. Fibre-associated reticulum cells of the red pulp and fibroblastic reticulum cells in white pulp are stimulated to produce excessive amounts of the extracellular elements of connective tissue, especially collagen fibrils. The newly formed connective tissue causes obliteration of extracellular blood channels in the red pulp and thus a reduction in the number of pulp-cord macrophages, and scarring of the periarterial lymphatic sheaths. The results of this fibrosing process are characteristic quantitative changes in the splenic histologic structures. These changes are different from those structural alterations occuring in spleens following extrasplenic hemodynamic changes, such as thrombosis of the splenic veins or cirrhosis of the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427061
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