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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and characteristics of the different astroglial cell types in the adult lizard (Lacerta lepida) spinal cord (1990)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 181 (1990), S. 567-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Astrocyte ; Radial astrocyte ; GFAP ; Electron microscopy ; Phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The astroglial cells have been studied in the lizard spinal cord by means of metallic impregnations, immunohistochemical (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and ultrastructural methods. Three astroglial cell types have been immunohistochemically identified: ependymocytes, radial astrocytes and astrocytes. Transitional forms have also been observed. Scarce immunopositive ependymocytes were located in the dorsal and ventral regions of the ependyma. The radial astrocytic somata were located around the ependymal layer and their processes reached the subpial glia limitans. Typical astrocytes were the most abundant astroglial cell type; astrocytes located in the ventral horn showed a greater development than those of the dorsal horn. In the white matter, the astrocytes were large and their processes formed part of the subpial glia limitans; on some occasions, astrocytic cell bodies also formed part of this subpial limitans. Transitional elements between astrocytes and radial astrocytes were observed in both grey and white matter. The perivascular and subpial glia limitans were continuous and showed a strong immunoreactivity. The comparative analysis of our results in the lizard spinal cord with those in other vertebrate groups leads us to conclude that reptiles could represent the key group in the phylogenetic evolution of the astroglial cells in vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174628
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Astroglial pattern in the spinal cord of the adult barbel (Barbus comiza) (1993)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 187 (1993), S. 385-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Astrocyte ; Ependymocyte ; Spinal cord Fish ; GFAP ; Vimentin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution and the structural, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characteristics of the astroglial cells in the spinal cord of the adult barbel (Barbus comiza) have been studied by means of metallic impregnations (Golgi and gold-sublimate), immunohistochemical (GFAP and vimentin) and electron microscopic techniques. GFAP-positive cells were mainly distributed in the ependyma and in the periependymal region, but they have also been observed at subpial level in the anterior column. The ependymocytes were heterogeneous cells because they showed different immunohistochemical characteristics: GFAP-positive, vimentin-positive or non-immunoreactive cells. The radial astrocytes showed only GFAP immunoreactivity, and their processes ended at the subpial zone forming a continuous subpial glia limitans. Desmosomes and gap junctions between soniata and processes of radial astrocytes were numerous, and a relationship between radial astroglial processes and the nodes of Ranvier was also described. The perivascular glia limitans was poorly developed and it was not complete in the blood vessels of the periependymal zone; in this case, the basal lamina was highly developed. An important characteristic in the barbel spinal cord was the existence of a zone with an abundant extracellular space near the ependyma. The presence of radial astroglial somata at subpial level, the existence of vimentin-positive ependymocytes and the abundant extracellular space in the periependymal zone is discussed in relation to the regeneration capacity and the continuous growth showed by fish. Moreover, the abundance of gliofilaments and desmosomes leads us to suggest that mechanical support might be an important function for the astroglial cells in the barbel spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185897
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Speech Errors on Observers' Judgments of Anxious and Defensive Individuals
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Research in Personality 28 (1994), S. 505-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0092-6566
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1994.1036
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delayed neutrophil apoptosis in chronic periodontitis patients (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background, aims: Neutrophil cells constitute the first defense barrier against the oral bacterial challenge in the periodontium. Reduction of neutrophils could impair this response against periopathogenic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. Our previous work implicates the apoptosis of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. We now demonstrate that granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) present in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and secreted during the immune response reduces the apoptosis of neutrophils.Method: In this study, the presence of GM-CSF and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in GCF was determined in samples obtained from adult patients with periodontitis and from control subjects with clinically healthy gingiva. GCF was collected for 30 s using Periopaper® strips, and cytokines were quantified by ELISA. We used ex vivo culture of gingival tissue biopsies for 2 and 4 days in the presence of GM-CSF. Apoptosis was determined using the terminal TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique, and expression of Bax by immunohistochemistry.Results: The presence of GM-CSF and TNF-α was detected in the majority of sites from periodontal patients (83.3% and 63.3%, respectively), presenting a total amount of 27.65 and 42.38 pg, respectively. GM-CSF reduces the neutrophil apoptosis determined by double staining with TUNEL and myeloperoxidase and by a reduction of Bax expression.Conclusions: These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which neutrophils specifically accumulate in adult patients with periodontitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.00350.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beta-Adrenergic Stimulation Decreases Glial and Increases Neural Contact with the Basal Lamina in Rat Neurointermediate Lobes Incubated in vitro (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 2 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Physiological stimuli such as dehydration and lactation/suckling of the young have been found to induce reversible changes in the relationships of neural and glial elements with the basal lamina of the neurohypophysis. Such stimulation is associated with a decline in the extent of basal lamina occupied by glial processes and an increase in nerve terminals abutting the lamina. One possible mechanism playing a role in these changes is the activation of beta-adrenergic receptors on the neurohypophysial glia (the pituicytes), since such cells in primary culture from adult rats undergo dramatic morphological transformation when stimulated with beta-adrenergic agonists. We sought to determine if changes similar to those seen in vivo and predicted from the responses of cultured cells would occur with beta-adrenergic stimulation of the isolated neurointermediate lobe in vitro. Neurointermediate lobes from adult male rats were incubated in artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing ascorbic acid alone (control) or in the same medium with either 10−8, 10−7 or 10−5 M isoproterenol for 15 min after a 30-min period of preincubation in control medium. Quantitative ultrastructural analysis revealed significant decreases in pituicyte and, corresponding increases in neural, membrane abutting the basal lamina at the lower two drug concentrations. These results support the findings of other studies suggesting a beta-adrenergic mediation of pituicyte morphology and a role for beta-receptors in control of posterior pituitary function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1990.tb00466.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ependyma: phylogenetic evolution of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin expression in vertebrate spinal cord (1994)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 102 (1994), S. 113-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The phylogenetic evolution was studied of both glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin expression in the ependyma of the adult vertebrate spinal cord. Eleven species from different vertebrate groups were examined using different fixatives and fixation procedures to demonstrate any differences in immunoreactivity. GFAP expression in the ependymal cells showed a clear inverse relation with phylogenetic evolution because it was more elevated in lower than in higher vertebrates. GFAP positive cells can be ependymocytes and tanycytes, although depending on their structural characteristics and distribution, the scarce GFAP positive ependymal cells in higher vertebrates may be tanycytes. Ependymal vimentin expression showed a species-dependent pattern instead of a phylogenetic pattern of expression. Vimentin positive ependymal cells were only found in fish and rats; in fish, they were tanycytes and were quite scarce, with only one or two cells per section being immunostained. However, in the rat spinal cord, all the ependymocytes showed positive immunostaining for vimentin. The importance of the immunohistochemical procedure, the cellular nature of GFAP positive ependymal cells and the relationship between tanycytes and ependymocytes are discussed, as well as GFAP and vimentin expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269015
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CT-guided percutaneous treatment of solitary pyogenic splenic abscesses (1991)
    Springer
    European radiology 1 (1991), S. 70-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Splenic, diseases ; Splenic, abscess ; Abscess, percutaneous drainage ; Tomography X-Ray Computed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Six patients with solitary pyogenic splenic abscesses treated by CT-guided percutaneous drainage (by catheter or needle), are presented. There were 3 unilocular, purely intrasplenic abscesses and 3 complex lesions with loculations and perisplenic involvement. Percutaneous drainage and intravenous antibiotics were curative in 4 patients. In the other 2, who had multiloculated abscesses, despite initially successful drainage, splenectomy was performed because of intractable left upper quadrant pain in one case and persistent fever and drainage of pus after 30 days in the other. These patients also developed large, sterile left pleural effusions. Solitary pyogenic splenic abcesses — particularly if uniloculated — can be effectively treated by CT-guided percutaneous drainage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540109
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prospective evaluation of fever of unknown origin in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 15 (1996), S. 705-711 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and aetiology of fever of unknown origin (FUO) in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), to assess the value of the tests used in its diagnosis, and to evaluate possible models of diagnosis for the causes found most frequently. One hundred twenty-eight (3.5%) of 3603 hospitalised HIV-positive patients evaluated from October 1992 to December 1993 had FUO, defined by established criteria. Eighty-six percent of patients with FUO had previously progressed to AIDS. The median CD4+ cell count was 46/mm3. A definite diagnosis was made in 96 (75%) of the 128 patients and a possible diagnosis in 24 (18.7%), whilst no diagnosis was made in eight cases (6.2%). Tuberculosis (48.3%), visceral leishmaniasis (16%), and infection byMycobacterium avium complex (6.9%) were the diseases found most frequently. The most useful diagnostic tests were liver biopsy (68.9%) and bone marrow aspirate/biopsy (39.7%). It is not possible to predict clinically the cases of FUO due to tuberculosis, whilst thrombocytopaenia 〈 100,000 cells/mm3 alone is useful for differentiating the cases of visceral leishmaniasis, with a negative predictive value of 95.2%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01691956
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High ammonia diet: Its effect on the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (1993)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 18 (1993), S. 971-975 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: GFAP ; spinal cord ; ammonia ; hyperammonemia ; astroglia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of a recent hyperammonemic model, consisting of a high ammonia diet for 3, 7, 15, 45, and 90 days, on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the rat spinal cord and on blood ammonia levels has been studied. The high ammonia diet was prepared by mixing a standard diet with ammonium acetate (20% wt/wt); in addition, 5 mM of ammonium acetate was added to the water supply. GFAP contents were determined by means of immunoblotting analysis. The results demonstrated that this high ammonia diet model neither induces significant changes in GFAP immunoreactivity, nor modifies total protein concentration, and only induces significant blood hyperammonemic levels in the first days of treatment. An adaptative response to the diet is suggested and discussed to explain these results. A relation between ammonia and GFAP expression is suggested because transient hyperammonemia induces transient, although no significant, changes on GFAP expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00966755
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subpial and perivascular astrocytes associated with nodes of Ranvier in the rat optic nerve (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 18 (1989), S. 577-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent evidence has suggested that there is a division of labour between two types of astrocytes in the rat optic nerve — one type extending processes to the pial surface and to blood vessels, the other extending processes to nodes of Ranvier (Milleret al., 1989b). Here we show that astrocytes and astrocyte processes located at the pial surface and around blood vessels in the rat optic nerve can also be associated with nodes of Ranvier, indicating that the division of labour between the two types of astrocytes in the nerve is not as strict as previously proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01187078
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