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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracytoplasmic vacuoles in αW fibers of dystrophic chicken muscle —Probable early pathologic event initiates massive fiber necrosis (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 55 (1981), S. 173-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Dystrophic chicken ; αW fibers ; Intracytoplasmic vacuoles ; Membrane defect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron-microscopic study on dystrophic chicken white muscle, posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD), was performed with histochemical identification of three fiber types of βR (red), αR and αW (white) fibers to evaluate the pathophysiology in fiber necrosis. As seen in histochemically stained sections, vacuolar formation in the cytoplasm, an outstanding pathologic feature in chicken dystrophy, was recognized in the αW fibers by electron microscopy. The vacuole was membrane-bound and thought to originate from coalescence or dilatation of extensively proliferated sarcotubular system. There was evidence of a delay in fiber type transformation from αR to αW in dystrophic white muscle, while the initial pathologic event of sarcotubular system proliferation might be expressed only after muscle fibers had attained histochemical characteristics of αW fibers. Localized myofibrillar degeneration was encountered in the vicinity of the vacuole with focal membrane defect. An influx of extracellular fluid through the vacuolated sarcotubular system into the sarcoplasm may activate certain proteases, such as calcium-dependent protease because the extracellular fluid contains high concentration of calcium ion. The activated protease then degrades structural protein, especially Z-line protein, followed by fiber necrosis with phagocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691315
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid maltase deficiency in the Japanese quail; early morphological event in skeletal muscle (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 73 (1987), S. 32-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Acid maltase deficiency ; Japanese quail ; Early morphological change ; Membrane-bound glycogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The skeletal muscle of Japanese quails with acid maltase deficiency (AMD) was studied morphologically at various developmental stages, from the 16th embryonal day up to 3 months after hatching. Membrane-bound glycogen particles began to appear in the affected skeletal muscle at the 16th embryonal day. In normal embryonic muscles, a certain amount of free glycogen particles was observed but they were not membrane-bound. Therefore, this is the earliest morphological event in the muscle of Japanese quails with AMD. In muscle at 3 weeks after hatching, the initial focal degeneration of myofibrils was recognizable but it was not associated with autophagic vacuoles. Quails with AMD developed muscle weakness and difficulty in lifting their wings at about 3 months after hatching: then numerous autophagic vacuoles were present. The formation of large autophagic vacuoles followed by fiber loss and fatty replacement seemed ot contribute to the progressive muscle weakness. The study of Japanese quail with AMD will greatly facilitate the elucidation of the pathogenetic mechanism and is also a useful model for therapeutic trials in human AMD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695499
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Therapeutic trial with protease inhibitor (Leupeptin) in chicken muscular dystrophy (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 58 (1982), S. 279-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Protease inhibitor ; Leupeptin ; Muscular dystrophy ; Dystrophic chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary For the purpose of observing the therapeutic benefit of protease inhibitors for progressive muscular dystrophy, a large quantity of doses of leupeptin of 10 mg/kg/day and 50 mg/kg/day were administered i.p. to male chickens afflicted with hereditary muscular dystrophy (line 413) for 4 months starting on the 7th day ex ovo. No clinical improvement was identified in physical ability as a result of the examination by flip test, and creatine kinase (CK) values. The number of necrotic fibers in the pectoralis superficialis (PS) muscle which is known to be preferentially damaged in dystrophic chicken, did not decrease significantly in the birds treated with 10 mg leupeptin/kg/day (number of necrotic fibers; 47.7/mm2) and 50 mg/kg/day (46.4/mm2) as compared to that of the untreated ones (43.2/mm2). A morphometric analysis of fiber diameter distribution also showed no statistical difference between the treated and untreated birds. In the second group, 10 mg leupeptin/kg and a combination of leupeptin and bestatin of 10 mg/kg each were injected directly into the left lower half of the PS muscle three times a week for 4 months. Necrotic fibers were still present in the injected site, remote area of the left upper PS muscle treated with leupeptin (52.7/mm2), leupeptin and bestatin (52.2/mm2), and contralateral right upper PS muscle (41.6 and 53.5/mm2, respectively). The number of necrotic fibers in treated muscles was again not significantly different from that in untreated dystrophic ones (39.6/mm2). In fiber diameter analysis, no statistical difference was recognized between the treated and untreated dystrophic muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688610
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathophysiology of muscle fiber necrosis induced by bupivacaine hydrochloride (Marcaine) (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 60 (1983), S. 167-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscle necrosis ; Regeneration ; Local anesthetic ; Bupivacaine ; Leupeptin ; Protease inhibitor ; Skinned fibers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A single direct injection of a local anesthetic, 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride (BPVC) (Marcaine), into rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles produced massive fiber necrosis with extensive phagocytosis followed by rapid regeneration, predominantly in the soleus. Since the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was functionally disturbed by BPVC administration as confirmed by an in vitro study, the sarcolemmal lysis seen in the early phase of degeneration was not assumed to simply results from direct damage to the plasma membrane caused by BPVC. The extracellular fluid containing a high concentration of calcium (Ca) ions then permeated into the sarcoplasm through the defective membrane resulting in hypercontracted myofibrils. Selective damage to the Z-line, an early sign of muscle degeneration, was shown by electron microscopy and SDS gel electrophoresis (preferential loss of α-actinin). Administration of leupeptin, a thiol protease inhibitor, proved to be ineffective in inhibiting the necrotic process, because the BPVC induced muscle fiber breakdown was probably too acute and fulminant to demonstrate the inhibitory effect upon the degenerative process. Well preserved satellite cells, peripheral nerves, and acetylcholinesterase activity, and the absence of fibrous tissue proliferation in this system may be responsible for the extremely rapid regeneration with complete muscle fiber type differentiation. Since the sequence of fiber breakdown induced by BPVC administration was similar to that of progressive muscular dystrophy, this chemical will be one of the most useful tools for studying the pathophysiology of fiber necrosis and regeneration in diseased muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691863
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in microflora of a puffer fish Fugu niphobles, with different water temperatures (1989)
    Springer
    Marine biology 101 (1989), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Grass puffer Fugu niphobles, captured in November 1986 at Shimoda, Japan, and then reared at different temperatures ranging from 10 to 29°C, was examined for microflora changes in the skin, gill and intestines. At 10°C, the skin and gill were colonized mainly by Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium and Moraxella, while at 29°C Vibrio and Flavobacterium appeared abundantly. The intestinal microflora, consisting of Vibrio, Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium, revealed little temperature dependence, although the intrageneric composition of Vibrio changed conspicuously depending on the change of water temperature. Vibrio group 1, tentatively identified as V. alginolyticus, was detected in all tissues examined at 20 and 29°C. This, along with the fact that V. alginolyticus produces tetrodotoxin, suggests that the tetrodotoxin contained in puffer is, at least partly, accounted for by this bacterial species inhabiting intestines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428125
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrio alginolyticus, a tetrodotoxin-producing bacterium, in the intestines of the fish Fugu vermicularis vermicularis (1987)
    Springer
    Marine biology 94 (1987), S. 625-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To clarify the mechanism of toxification in animals contaminated with tetrodotoxin, the intestinal contents of the puffer Fugu vermicularis vermicularis were examined for bacterial flora in 1985. Twenty-six out of 33 strains belonged to the genus Vibrio. These bacteria were classified into Groups I to VII, based on biological and biochemical characters. High performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, together with mouse bioassay for toxicity, clearly demonstrated that Group I produced tetrodotoxin and anhydrotetrodotoxin under cultivation with a medium composed of Phytone peptone (BBL) and NaCl. Some other groups also produced this toxin and/or related substances to some extent. Strains of Group I were all identified as Vibrio alginolyticus. Two strains among four produced a detectable amount of tetrodotoxin and/or anhydrotetrodotoxin, as measured by all instrumental analyses applied. Our findings suggest that some strains of V. alginolyticus are closely related to the toxification of the puffer, and probably of other species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431409
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The establishment of an intestinal microflora in developing goldfish (Carassius auratus) of culture ponds (1988)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 15 (1988), S. 333-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The bacterial flora in the intestinal tract of goldfish (Carassius auratus) was investigated at different stages of fish development. The floras of the diets and the water and sediment of a culture pond were also analyzed. The total counts in the intestine ranged from 2.2 × 106−2.1 × 108 cells g−1 wet weight.Aeromonas hydrophila, A. punctata, Pseudomonas, Bacteroidaceae andClostridium species were the common components in the intestinal tract of goldfish from larvae to adult stage.Bacteroides type A appeared at 44 days with a density of 103 cells g−1 and then predominated with densities of 105−107 cells g−1. The intestinal microflora of goldfish become relatively stable after 67 days of hatching. These observations suggest that the intestinal microflora of adult goldfish becomes established approximately 2 months after hatching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02012646
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of a fast isoform of C-protein with an antiserum directed against the N-terminal portion of dystrophin
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 169 (1990), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(90)91432-R
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alzheimer's disease amyloid β-clipping enzyme (APP secretase): Identification, purification, and characterization of the enzyme
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 177 (1991), S. 377-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(91)91994-N
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dystrophin-related protein in the fetal and denervated skeletal muscles of normal and mdx mice
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 180 (1991), S. 1179-1186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(05)81320-8
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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