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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 76 (1954), S. 3867-3868 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 76 (1954), S. 3866-3867 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) at concentrations more than 1×10−8 M markedly suppressed the cell proliferation and release of soluble molecules of interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), CD4 (sCD4) and CD8 (sCD8) from phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated normal human mononuclear cells (MNC) in a dose-related manner. To further elucidate the subcellular mechanism of the inhibitory effect of PGE2 on PHA-stimulated MNC, intracellular concentration of glutathione (GSH) in PHA-stimulated MNC was sequentially measured from day 1 to day 3 by enzymic method. Furthermore, the effect of PGE2 on nuclear DNA including DNA strand breaks in alkali treatment and DNA fragmentation (apoptosis) of PHA-stimulated MNC were also measured. We found intracellular GSH levels were significantly decreased in the early stage of lymphocyte activation (day 1), but no evidence of increased DNA stand breaks or apoptotic process appeared in 3-day culture. In addition, butathione sulfoximine (a specific GSH inhibitor) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP also exhibited both proliferation inhibition and GSH-decreasing effect on PHA-stimulated MNC as well as PGE2. These results suggest that the immunosupressive effect of PGE2 is mediated by the decreased generation of intracellular GSH, but not by the increased DNA strand breaks or apoptotic mechanism in the cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Interleukin 13 — Polymorphonuclear neutrophil — Prostaglandin E2— Cyclooxygenase 2 — Neutral esterase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective: To investigate whether interleukin-13 (IL-13) can affect arachidonic acid metabolism and phagocytic activity of normal human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN).¶Methods: Normal human PMN (1 × 106 cells/ml) were incubated with different concentrations of IL-13 (0.1–10 ng/ml) for a variety of times (30–120 min). Phagocytosis and intracellular cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The concentration of PGE2 in the PMN cultured supernatants was determined by EIA.¶Results: We found that IL-13 at an optimal concentration of 1 ng/ml significantly enhanced COX-2 gene expression and PGE2 production (121.57 ± 22.17 pg/ml in IL-13 stimulation vs. 73.16 ± 11.72 pg/ml in controls) by PMN. In addition, IL-13 stimulated PMN phagocytosis via increased complement receptor type 1 (CR1) and type 3 (CR3), but not IgG Fcγ receptor type 3 (FcγRIII). The cytoplasmic neutral esterase activity of PMN was also enhanced by IL-13 stimulation for 24 h.¶Conclusions: These results suggest that IL-13 can stimulate PMN and modulates the inflammatory reactions via the cyclooxygenase pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 212 (1966), S. 23-25 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] KOPAL1 has reviewed the phenomenon of lunar luminescence and given strong evidence that the luminescence is related to the bombardment of meteorite dust existing on the surface of the Moon by solar protons and electrons. The meteorites suspected are enstatite achondrites, which were found by Derham ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 211 (1966), S. 1173-1174 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In our experiment, a typical Q-switched ruby laser pulse, of wavelength 694 nifji, had an energy of 5 J and a duration of 30 nsec, corresponding to an average power of 1-7 x 108 W. This was focused to a "point" inside the target gas by a simple plano-convex lens, 23 mm in diameter and 37 mm focal ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 41 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The MRL-lpr/lpr and MRL-++ mice were studied for the expression of cytokines in the spleen, lymph node., thymus, kidney and brain through the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The frequencies of IL-4 and TNF-a expression in the thymus and spleen were significantly higher in MRL-lpr/lpr mice than in MRL-++ mice from the age of 17 to 32 weeks. More importantly, IL-4 transcript was demonstrated in the early rather than in the terminal stage of the lupus disease. At the 20th week, MRL-lpr/lpr mice with active disease exhibited higher concentrations of IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-a in serum than MRL-++ mice. Interestingly, in MRL-lpr/lpr but not MRL-++ mice, the IL-6 concentration in culture supernatants of the thymic cells was significantly higher than that of the splenic or lymph node cells. On the other hand, IL-6 and IL-l/? were expressed in the brain and kidney of MRL-lpr/lpr mice but not of MRL-++ mice. Cultured MRL-lpr/lpr mesangial cells could also express IL-6 but to a lesser extent. These results suggest that the abnormal splenic and thymic IL-4 and TNF-α expression may predispose the development of autoimmune reactions. The expression of IL-1ß and IL-6 in the brain and kidney may be implicated in the damage of these two organs in MRL-lpr/lpr mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 217 (1968), S. 243-244 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Assuming an arbitrarily chosen lunar composition of 5FeO.2Al2O3.5MgO.2OSiO?, I estimated the range of 1 to 2 keV protons in this material to be about 150 Å. The total number of oxygen atoms, which is rather insensitive to composition, is about 7 1016 cm2. Assuming a solar wind flux of 3 108 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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