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  • 1
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Inhalation anesthetics ; Artemia salina ; Motility ; Video monitoring ; Cooperativity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The swimming movement of artemia salina in the artificial sea water was measured by using the video camera system in the absence and presence of anesthetics, i.e. enflurane, halothane, and isoflurane. The movement of artemia looked random at a glance but the obtained distribution curve for the swimming speed was skewed toward the high speed side somewhat resembling a Maxwellian distribution curve seen in the statistics of ideal gases. When anesthetic were added, the distribution curve became sharpened and shifted to the low speed side, which is similar to a behavior of ideal gasses when they are cooled down. The mean swimming-speed was decreased eventually leading to an irreversible death with increasing the anesthetic dose. The activity was analyzed by using the hydrodynamic equation. The ED50, which is a dose that causes a 50% reduction in the activity, of all anesthetics used in this study was quite similar to the MAC values for human. It was also suggested that an interaction between anesthetics and artemia was highly cooperative since the larger Hill coefficients were obtained for all three anesthetics used. (Takasaki T, Tatara T, Suezaki Y, et al.: Effect of inhalation anesthetics on swimming activity of artemia salina. J Anesth 5: 287–293, 1991)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Intestinal obstruction ; Epidural block ; Neostigmine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Seventy patients with intestinal obstruction were managed with usual conservative treatments and epidural anesthesia to block splanchnic and somatic nervous systems, for nine years from 1981 to 1990. Improvement of clinical symptoms and general conditions was accomplished in 48 patients (68.6%). In these 48 patients, 41 patients (58.6%) had complete remission of intestinal obstruction, showing flatus in 8.3 hours on an average, but seven (10.0%) had incomplete remission. For these seven, after improvements of their clinical symptoms, elective radical operations were performed within three weeks. In 22 (31.4%) patients whose symptoms were not improved at all with the epidural block, emergency exploratory celiotomies were performed, 15.4 hours on an average after the initial epidural block. Indications for surgical intervention of intestinal obstruction were decided by the absent movement of gas in the bowel in a series of plain X-rays. The effectiveness of the epidural block on the motility of the obstructed intestinal loop was experimentally confirmed in monkeys. We suggested that the epidural block, accompanied with usual conservative treatments, be recommended as the initial treatment for intestinal obstruction. (Nomoto Y, Hirose T, Harano K, et al.: Epidural block for treatment of intestinal obstruction—clinical and experimental studies—. J Anesth 7: 267–275, 1993)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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