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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Neutrophils — Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) — CD14 — Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) — Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent and pleiotropic stimulator of immune cells, binds to neutrophils via CD14, but less densely than to monocytes. The present study was designed to investigate whether cytokines modulate LPS binding to neutrophils via CD14.¶Methods: Neutrophils were cultured with LPS after pretreatment with cytokines, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), or granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Binding of LPS and CD14 expression on neutrophils were analyzed by flow cytometry, using anti-LPS and anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies (mAb).¶Results: LPS alone showed only slight binding to neutrophils, but pretreatment with IFN-γ or TNF-α before LPS exposure markedly increased LPS binding and CD14 expression on the surfaces of neutrophils. The dramatic increase in LPS binding was not seen with IL-1α or G-CSF. Anti-CD14 blocking mAb completely inhibited the binding effect.¶Conclusions: These results demonstrate that IFN-γ and TNF-α enhance LPS binding to neutrophils via CD14, suggesting that the priming effect of cytokines on neutrophils is important for LPS binding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin receptor ; mutation ; tyrosine kinase activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We evaluated a 35-year-old diabetic male patient with type A insulin resistance, showing acanthosis nigricans. Insulin binding to the patient's Epstein-Barr-virus transformed lymphocytes was mildly reduced. The maximal insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor from the patient's transformed lymphocytes was decreased to 45% of that from the control subjects. On examination, the biological activities of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I in the patient's cultured fibroblasts, insulin sensitivity of amino isobutyric acid uptake and thymidine incorporation was decreased, but insulin-like growth factor I action was normal. The sequence analysis of amplified genomic DNA revealed that the patient was heterozygous for a mutation substituting Leu for Trp at codon 1193 in exon 20 of the insulin receptor gene. The patient's mother and sister were also heterozygous for a mutation in the insulin receptor gene that substituted Leu for Trp1193 in the Β subunit of the receptor. Therefore, the mutation causes insulin resistance in a dominant fashion. They were less hyperglycaemic and more hyperinsulinaemic than the proband after glucose loading. The mother had diabetes mellitus but did not show acanthosis nigricans, while the sister did not have diabetes and showed acanthosis nigricans. These results suggest that this mutation causes defective tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor, which results in insulin resistance. Insulin action and phenotypic appearance may be mediated by different factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin receptor ; insulin proreceptor ; insulin resistance ; transformed lymphocytes ; point mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An alteration of an amino acid sequence in the processing site of the insulin proreceptor by a point mutation of the insulin receptor gene produced extreme insulin resistance. We characterized functional properties of the unprocessed insulin receptor in transformed lymphocytes from a patient. Insulin binding to intact cells and to a partially purified insulin receptor preparation was radically decreased to 20% and 18% of the control values, respectively. In competitive insulin binding to intact cells, [LeuA3]-, [LeuB24]-, [SerB24-insulin, and mini-proinsulin ([B(1–29)-Ala-Ala-Lys-A(1–21)]-insulin) had the same relative binding activity in both the patient's and the control cells, but proinsulin and IGF-I were markedly less able to displace 125I-insulin in the patient's cells. In contrast to the study in intact cells, proinsulin and IGF-I as well as other insulin analogues had the same relative binding activity to bind to the partially lectin-purified insulin receptor preparations from both the patient's and the control cells. As regards the signal transduction after receptor binding, insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of the unprocessed insulin proreceptor occurred proportionally to the amount of decreased insulin binding. With 0.025% trypsin treatment, the abnormal binding characteristics and autophosphorylation were normalized through conversion to functionally normal receptors. In spite of the abnormal processing, self-association of receptors into oligomeric structures was observed in the proreceptor. These results suggest that the unprocessed insulin proreceptor in the plasma membranes has an altered conformation which affects its binding characteristics but not its intramolecular signal transmission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Non-esterified fatty acid ; insulin resistance ; MAP kinase ; insulin receptor ; glucose transport.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Saturated fatty acids cause insulin resistance but the underlying molecular mechanism is still unknown. We examined the effect of saturated non-esterified fatty acids on insulin binding and action in transfected Rat-1 fibroblasts, which over-expressed human insulin receptors. Incubation with 1.0 mmol/l palmitate for 1–4 h did not affect insulin binding, insulin receptor autophosphorylation, insulin-stimulated tyrosine kinase activity toward poly(Glu4:Tyr1), pp185 and Shc phosphorylation and PI3-kinase activity in these cells. However, the dose response curve of insulin-stimulated glucose transport was right-shifted. Palmitate inhibited the maximally insulin-stimulated mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase activity toward synthetic peptide to 7 % that of control. The palmitate treatment influenced neither cytosolic protein kinase A activity nor cAMP levels. These results suggested that 1) palmitate did not inhibit the early steps of insulin action from insulin binding to pp185 or Shc phosphorylation but inhibited insulin-stimulated MAP kinase, and that 2) palmitate decreased insulin sensitivity as manifested by inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. In conclusion, the mechanism of saturated non-esterified fatty acid induced insulin resistance in glucose uptake may reside at post PI3-kinase or Shc steps, including the level of MAP kinase activation. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 894–901]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 4 (1994), S. 545-548 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Anatomy ; Anterior spinal artery ; Computed tomography (CT)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We observed spinal vessels ill 150 patients using, routine abdominal CT. Contiguous 1-cm thick incremental scans were obtained 30–60 s after intrayenous administration of 100 nit non-ionic contrast material (300 mg iodine/ml) at 2–3 ml/s. The area from the superior aspect of the liver to the lower poles of the kidneys was scanned. In 132 88 patients the anterior spinal arteries were visualized as an enhanced clot of the anterior surface of the spinal cord on the contiguous slices. The great radicular arteries arteries of Adamkiewicz were also visualized in 41 (27.3%) patients as an accompanying dot on two to seven contiguous slices, at T10-L2. The importance of the recognition of the normal spinal artery in avoiding misinterpretation, and the potential use of enhanced CT in screening for a variety of vascular diseases, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Calcium channel blocker ; Nilvadipine ; blood pressure ; liver disease ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; cirrhosis ; hepatitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fourteen normotensive patients with liver disease (6 with cirrhosis and 8 with chronic hepatitis) and 7 healthy volunteers were given a single oral dose of nilvadipine 2 mg. In addition, nilvadipine 4 mg was administered orally twice daily for several months to 6 hypertensive patients with mild liver dysfunction and 18 hypertensives with normal liver function. A significant increase in plasma nilvadipine was found in the patients with cirrhosis as compared both to the normal and chronic hepatitis subjects; the time to peak concentration was similar among the three groups. The peak plasma nilvadipine concentration was closely correlated both with the serum albumin level and the retention of indocyanine green. Changes in blood pressure, pulse rate and various vasoactive hormones following a single oral dose of nilvadipine did not differ between the groups. Thus, an increase in plasma nilvadipine relative to the level in normal subjects was demonstrated in patients with cirrhosis following a single oral dose, as well as in patients with slight liver dysfunction following long-term oral administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 527-529 (Oct. 2006), p. 1003-1006 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 91-93 (Jan. 1992), p. 603-608 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 629 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1741-2358
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between number of remaining teeth and health-related quality of life in community-dwelling elderly.Subjects:  A total of 207 participants who were community-dwelling, 85 years of age. Data were from a population-based study of age-related general and oral health in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.Measurements:  The Japanese version of the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36).Results:  The mental component score for the participants, from the SF-36, was higher than the Japanese national norm for those aged ≥70 years. There were no significant differences in the mean of any scores on the SF-36 by having spouse, living with family, or education level. The mean of the SF-36 scores of physical functioning (PF) and of the physical component scores were significantly higher in the 85-year-old participants with ≥20 teeth than in those with ≤19 teeth (p 〈 0.05 and p 〈 0.01 respectively). In addition, a significant difference (p 〈 0.05) was observed between the mean of participants with ≥20 teeth and those with ≤19 teeth after adjustment for region where the participant lived, activities of daily living (ADL), and sex. The PF (p 〈 0.001), role-physical (p 〈 0.005), bodily pain (p 〈 0.001), vitality (p 〈 0.001), social functioning (p 〈 0.05), and physical component (p 〈 0.001) scores were significantly higher in participants with a good activities of daily living (ADL) assessment. However, ADL was not associated with the number of teeth.Conclusions:  The findings of the present study indicated that 85-year-old participants with ≥20 teeth had better subjective physical health than those with ≤19 teeth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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