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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  We previously reported that an ambient aspartic proteinase is crucial to desquamation of the stratum corneum at pH 5. Identification of this aspartic proteinase by using enzyme inhibitors suggested it to be cathepsin D, although we could not exclude cathepsin E.Objectives  To determine the identity of this aspartic proteinase and its distribution within the stratum corneum.Methods  We measured enzyme activities of cathepsin D and cathepsin E in the salt and detergent extracts from callus stratum corneum, using a fluorogenic peptide as a substrate and comparing the effect of addition of Ascaris pepsin inhibitor (specific for cathepsin E) with that of pepstatin A (which inhibits both cathepsin D and cathepsin E). Both enzymes were then extracted and purified from plantar stratum corneum samples and identified by Western blotting. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to investigate the localization of proteinases within human plantar stratum corneum sample sections.Results  We found that 20% of total aspartic proteinase activity could be attributed to cathepsin E, the remainder to cathepsin D. Two subunits of cathepsin D were identified, a mature active form at 33 kDa and an intermediate active form at 48 kDa; cathepsin E was also identified at 48 kDa, although in a stained band 10-fold weaker in the immunoblot. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed the antibody to cathepsin D to be localized in the lipid envelopes of the stratum corneum, whereas that to cathepsin E stained the tissue diffusely. The labelling for cathepsin D was similar to that observed for desmosomes, and immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that cathepsin D was present on desmosomes. On the other hand, cathepsin E occurred intracellularly within the squames.Conclusions  We conclude that cathepsin D, and not cathepsin E, causes desquamation by degrading desmosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 55-59 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: doxapram ; ventilatory function ; occlusion pressure ; serum drug concentration ; concentration-effect relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate the means by which doxapram affects the control of ventilation, ventilatory function and P0.1 have been related to serum doxapram concentration during a 45-min infusion of doxapram hydrochloride in 7 healthy, conscious subjects under normoxic conditions. Serum doxapram concentrations increased during the infusion: 1.88, 2.48, 3.42, and 3.97 µg/ml after 5, 10, 30 and 45 min, respectively. The majority of significant changes in the measurements from the baseline were observed at 30 and 45 min: $${{\dot V}}_{{E}}$$ , VT, P0.1, P0.1/end-tidal CO2 tension, VT/Ti and blood pressure were increased, and end-tidal CO2 tension was decreased. No significant changes in Pdimax, Ti/Ttot, $${{\dot V}}_{{E}}$$ /P0.1, and P0.1/(VT/Ti) were observed. A correlation was observed between the % increases in P0.1 and $${{\dot V}}_{{E}}$$ and doxapram concentration, and between $${{\dot V}}_{{E}}$$ and P0.1. The doxapram-induced increase in $${{\dot V}}_{{E}}$$ appears to be caused by increased neural drive. It is related to the serum drug concentration in the conscious subject.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1987), S. 85-88 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; aminophylline ; incremental concentration ; occlusion pressure ; maximum inspiratory pressure ; transdiaphragmatic pressure ; ventilatory function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate the possible mechanisms by which theophylline affects the control of ventilation, neuromuscular drive and ventilatory function were examined in 7 healthy men receiving an incremental intravenous aminophylline dosing schedule to achieve plasma theophylline concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 µg/ml. As compared with the baseline (predose) values, the 3 incremental aminophylline doses significantly (p〈0.05 to 0.01) increased occlusion pressure (P0.1) and maximum inspiratory pressure static (MIPS) at functional residual capacity (FRC). This was not observed for ventilatory flow $$(\dot V)$$ , tidal volume (VT), inspiratory time to total breathing cycle time ratio (Ti/Ttot), VT/Ti, and effective impedance [P0.1/(VT/Ti)]. When maximum electrical activity of diaphragm (Edimax) and transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdimax) were examined in 3 of the 7 subjects, Pdi/Edi tended to increase with increasing theophylline concentrations, while Edimax did not. Our results suggest that the increase in P0.1 during the increase in aminophylline dose is caused by an improvement in respiratory muscle contractility, rather than by a central effect or by an increase in neural drive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Cerebral infarction; malignant glioma; vascular dissection.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  A 57-year-old, previously healthy man who developed acute onset of hemiplegia is presented. Neuro-imaging studies on admission suggested dissection of the middle cerebral artery producing infarction in the frontotemporal region. In contrast to his stable clinical course, serial neuro-imaging studies disclosed rapid growth of malignant glioma, which was confirmed at surgery. Microscopic examination of the surgical specimen demonstrated invasion of glioma cells into the arterial wall associated with intramural haematoma formation of the middle cerebral artery. This case is the first to document dissection of an intracranial artery caused by invasion of tumour cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 125 (1993), S. 177-180 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Laser guide ; microsurgery ; navigation ; stereotaxy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have developed a frameless stereotactic multi-articulated arm suitable for image-directed microsurgery and surgical navigation. The system comprises a frameless isocentric mechanism and a three-dimensional (3 D) digitizer for intra-operative monitoring. Five joints of our multi-articulated arm are equipped with electromagnetic clutches, and the arms are provided with counterbalancing weights to ensure safe, smooth movement. Stereotactic microsurgical procedures were carried out with a laser beam guide mounted at the tip of the isocentric arm. We have used this system in 22 cases to resect tumours or epileptic foci. There were 12 cases of glioma, 5 cases of deep seated benign tumours, 3 cases of multiple metastatic tumours, and 2 cases of temporal lobe epilepsy. Postoperative enhanced CT images indicated total or subtotal resection in all cases. We also have used this system to determine the approach for clipping of a posterior cerebral artery aneurysm in 2 cases. The error of mechanical accuracy of the system was less than 1 mm. We believe that this system will prove useful in image-directed microsurgical procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 53 (1980), S. 141-149 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Laser surgery ; brain tumours ; operative technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A surgical carbon dioxide laser unit (laser) has been used since 1977 in twentyfive cases of various brain tumours, including ten meningiomas (four sphenoid ridge, two parasagittal, two falx, one olfactory, one posterior fossa), eleven gliomas (seven glioblastoma, four astrocytoma), two metastatic brain tumours, one haemangioblastoma, and one arteriovenous malformation (AVM). The criteria for laser use, as based on evaluation and location of meningioma, were: grade 1, convenient but adjuvant; grade 2, also necessary; grade 3, indispensable. The laser is obligatory in sphenoid ridge meningioma in order to peel the tumour away from the internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery, cavernous sinus etc. The grade of necessity for laser use is therefore either 2 or 3. In convexity or parasagittal meningioma, on the other hand, the necessity grade is either 1 or 2. In the glioma group hemorrhage in seven cases of glioblastoma was easily laser-controlled, and the tumours were wasted away in a short time through vaporization, with minimum mechanical effect on adjacent tissue. The laser is therefore very useful in cases of glioma, especially glioblastoma, considering the shortened operating time, decreased blood loss, and extended area of tumour resection. Laser surgery is proposed as being most appropriate, mainly for its vaporizing and coagulating functions, in cases of brain tumour involving the elderly and poor risk cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 156 (1988), S. 727-736 
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 235-240 (1994), S. 3019-3020 
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 34 (1984), S. 107-113 
    ISSN: 0009-3084
    Keywords: diphosphoinositide ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; phosphatidylinositol ; polar group conformation ; triphosphoinositide
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0888-7543
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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