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Monte Carlo study of secondary electron emission (2001)

Ding, Z. J. ; Tang, X. D.

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 718-726

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ISSN: 1089-7550

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: Based on our previous Monte Carlo simulation model of electron interactions with solids, including cascade secondary electron production, in which an optical dielectric function was used to describe electron energy loss and the associated secondary electron excitation, we have systematically investigated secondary electron generation and emission for 19 metals. The calculated secondary yield curve for primary beam energy ranging from 100 eV to 2 keV was found to correspond with the experimental universal curve. The dependence of the secondary yield on the work function was studied numerically, leading to a remarkable scattered deviation from Baroody's relationship. This deviation shows that the secondary yield relates to different aspects of behavior by electrons in a metal, such as the cascade production process, the stopping power and specific energy loss mechanism for a sample, and the dependence on the electron density of states. The results provide an explanation for the scattered data on the experimental yield versus the work function. The calculations indicate that the characteristic energy loss of primaries may result in a corresponding feature in the energy distribution of secondaries. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1331645

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A Combination of Anergic Cells' Adoptive Transfer and Rapamycin Therapy Prolongs Cardiac Allograft Survival in Mice (2005)

Cai, Y. ; Tang, X. D. ; Zhou, P. J.

Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd

Scandinavian journal of immunology 61 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3083

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: The in vivo immunoregulatory effect of anergic cells induced by blocking the costimulatory pathway was investigated in this study. Anergic cells were generated in vitro by mixed culture of murine splenic cells from BALB/c and C3H/HeJ under the blockade of anti-CD154 and anti-CD80 monoclonal antibodies, and the in vitro activity of anergic cells were observed. The 3.0 Gy γ-irradiated BALB/c mice received cardic allografts from C3H/HeJ, and anergic cells were intravenously injected immediately after transplantation. Recipient mice injected with anergic cells also received rapamycin therapy (1 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. On day 7 after transplantation, the subsets of peripheral blood T lymphocytes, the pathology of grafts and the infiltration of lymphocytes in grafts were analysed. Untreated γ-irradiated animals showed a graft median survival time (MST) of 9 days. Animals injected with anergic cells only or receiving rapamycin therapy alone showed MST of 11 and 17 days, respectively. MST of allograft in mice treated with control cells plus rapamycin therapy was 9 days. Animals injected with anergic cells plus rapamycin therapy, but receiving third-party allografts (C57BL/6J), showed an MST of 15 days. However, anergic cell injection plus rapamycin therapy prolonged allograft survival significantly (MST 28 days, P 〈 0.01). The rejection was mild and tissue architecture was preserved in recipient mice receiving anergic cell injection plus rapamycin therapy. Furthermore, anergic cells and rapamycin therapy decreased the percentage of peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (including CD25+, CD152+, CD154+ and CD28+ subsets) and greatly reduced the infiltrating lymphocytes in allografts (including CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD25+ T cells). In conclusion, the treatment based on anergic cells' adoptive transfer plus rapamycin therapy demonstrated a significant prolongation of murine cardiac allograft survival in a donor antigen-specific manner. This therapeutic protocol alleviated allograft rejection to solid allograft in vivo.