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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 30 (1976), S. 271-282 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The fusion of cytochrome oxidase liposomes with liposomes reconstituted with mitochondrial hydrophobic protein is dependent on the presence of an acidic phospholipid in the liposomes and on the addition of Ca++ ions. Liposomes which have grown, by fusion, to diameters in excess of 1000 Å lose the ability to fuse further, unless an osmotic gradient across the liposome membrane is established, with the internal osmotic pressure higher than the external. At a given Ca++ concentration, the extent to which this second fusion step takes place is determined by the ratio of internal to external osmolarity. Single-walled liposomes with diameters exceeding 1 μm have been produced by this technique. The data suggest that the thermodynamic driving force for the Ca++-induced fusion is an excess surface free energy which can be supplied by membrane curvature or transmembrane osmotic gradients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 11 (1982), S. 399-405 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cabbage, beets, green beans, and butternut squash were grown in control and municipal sewage sludge-treated experimental plots. Freezedried edible portions of each vegetable fed at 25% of the diet to male Fischer rats for 12 weeks, indicated no differences in dietary intake or weight gain, nor were there any differences in blood levels of alpha-fetoprotein, a marker for hepatic preneoplastic transformation. Sludge-grown vegetables did not cause any differences in relative liver weight or in activity of the hepatic mono-oxygenases, aminopyrene-N-demethylase, orp-nitroanisole-O-demethylase, when compared to the same vegetable grown on control soil. There were no effects attributable to the sewage sludge treatment on liver cell ultrastructure. The level of cadmium in the kidneys of rats fed sludge-grown beets was twice that of the controls. The results of mutagenesis testing withS. typhimurium and microsomes (S-9) activation indicated a positive dose response with extracts of sludge-grown beans and in the urine of rats consuming sludge-grown beets. Although no overt toxicologic responses were observed in rats fed sludge-grown vegetables, these positive mutagenic changes create uncertainties in evaluation of potential risks involved in using municipal sludge on food-producing land.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pregnant goats were fed grass-legume silage grown on soil amended with 112 dry metric tons per hectare of municipal sewage sludge from Syracuse, New York for 135 days. Whereas PCBs were not detectable in control or sludge-grown silage, cadmium was much higher (3.81 ppm) in the sludge-grown silage as compared to the control silage (0.14 ppm). There were no consistent differences in residues of cadmium in the goat's milk or body tissues of the kids when compared to controls. The concentration of cadmium in the livers of the adult animals was significantly higher (p 〈 0.05) in the sludge treatment than controls. No significant treatment effects were observed in mutagenic responses for the goats milk. Interestingly, the pregnant goats fed the sludge-grown silage produced far too little milk for their kids while the control animals produced sufficient milk. There were no observable changes in the tissue ultrastructure as examined by electron microscopy for both the adults and the kids from either ration treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Winter wheat was grown on soil amended with 100 dry tons per acre (224 metric tons/ha) of municipal sewage sludge from Syracuse, New York. The grain contained 1.43 and 0.98 ppm (mg/kg) dry weight, respectively, of cadmium and nickel. This wheat was incorporated as 60% of a semi-synthetic diet and fed to male and female Japanese quail for two generations. Male quail from the F1 generation fed sludge-grown wheat showed induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes,i.e., aminopyrene-N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, that indicated foreign compounds present in the wheat. Cadmium was significantly higher (p 〈 0.05) than controls in kidney, liver, and testes and nickel in the liver of the male quail (F0) fed the sludge-grown grain. Cadmium in kidney and liver (but not in eggs) and nickel in liver was significantly higher (p 〈 0.05) than controls in the females fed the sludge-grown wheat. Birds from the F1 generation showed no significantly different (p 〉 0.05) concentrations of cadmium in kidney, liver, or eggs between the two dietary treatments. There were no observable changes in the tissue ultrastructure of liver and kidney as examined by electron microscopy in any of the treatment groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Filipin ; hepatocytes ; electron microscopy ; endoplasmic reticulum ; cell permeabilization ; glucose-6-phosphatase ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have used transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; EC 1.1.1.27) to evaluate two published procedures which use filipin to render isolated rat hepatocytes permeable to ionic substrates. Cells treated by the procedure of Jorgenson and Nordlie6 retained less than 10 per cent of their LDH. TEM revealed severe damage to the internal structure of these cells, which included swelling, disintegration and extensive vesicularization of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Hepatocytes treated with filipin by the procedure of Gankema et al.13 retained 65-75 per cent of their LDH and displayed incomplete but highly variable permeability to Trypan blue. SEM revealed the loss of microvilli, other signs of swelling, and the presence of large lesions in the plasma membrane. TEM revealed signs of cell swelling, but the nuclei and the mitochondria were only moderately altered. The rough ER was not swollen, but significant fragmentation was evident and characteristic stacks of lamellar ER were never seen.We conclude that useful information about the functions of the ER in situ cannot be obtained from studies of filipin-treated cell. Our results indicate that retention of LDH is not a sufficient criterion of preservation of cell morphology and that staining with Trypan blue may significantly underestimate the permeability of cells to small ionic metabolites.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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