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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of the 5 HT2 antagonist ketanserin in adult atopic asthma (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ketanserin ; astma ; 5-hydroxytryptamine (5 HT) ; airways function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied eight adult atopic asthmatic patients in a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial in order to examine the effects of the 5 HT2 antagonist ketanserin on airways function (FEV1, FVC, V50(χ), and V25(π)). Ketanserin did not significantly change resting bronchomotor tone. Treadmill exercise caused a similar maximal percentage fall in FEV1 after both drug [16.8 (3.7)%] and placebo [19.2 (4.2)%]; ketanserin did not significantly attenuate bronchoconstriction, measured over a 20-min period after exercise. These results suggest that 5 HT2 receptors do not play a major role in the control of resting bronchomotor tone or in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in adult atopic asthmatic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609255
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphocyte transformation in extrinsic bronchial asthma (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 8 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lymphocytes from sixteen patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma and sixteen normal were investigated for their in vitro reactivity to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A). No significant differences in maximum lymphocyte responses to PHA or Con A, either in the presence of foetal calf serum or autologous plasma, were found. The significance of these results in relation to T suppressor cell control of IgE formation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1978.tb01501.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immuno-regulatory cytokines in asthma: IL-15 and IL-13 in induced sputum (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The importance of Th2-type lymphocyte function in asthmatic airway inflammation is well recognized, but less is known about the factors which regulate the function of these lymphocytes in asthma. The macrophage-derived cytokine, interleukin (IL)-15 has a number of T cell regulatory properties which might be of relevance to asthma and its treatment.Objective The aims were to identify and quantify the T cell regulatory cytokine IL-15 in induced sputum samples from asthmatic patients, in comparison with IL-13, and to relate the levels of these cytokines to treatment with inhaled steroids.Methods Induced sputum was collected from 16 asthmatics (eight steroid and eight non-steroid treated) and eight normal controls. IL-15 and IL-13 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) in sputum. IL-15 levels were also measured in sputum cell culture supernatants and localized to specific sputum cells by immuno-cytochemistry.Results IL-15 levels were increased and IL-13 levels were decreased in sputum fluid from steroid-treated compared with non-steroid-treated asthmatics. IL-15 was localized specifically to macrophages and the proportion of these cells expressing IL-15 correlated with sputum fluid IL-15 and IL-15 levels in cell culture supernatants, and all were higher in the steroid-treated asthmatics.Conclusion IL-15 and IL-13 production appears to be reciprocally regulated by steroid therapy in asthma patients. The steroid-associated increase in IL-15 may regulate a fundamental shift away from an inflammatory Th2-type environment in asthma and may be an essential component of the cytokine modulation underlying the therapeutic benefit of corticosteroids in this condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01174.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nedocromil sodium on histamine airway responsiveness in grass-pollen sensitive asthmatics during the pollen season (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 16 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We examined the effect of nedocromil sodium on histamine airway responsiveness in twelve grass-pollen sensitive patients during the 1984 pollen season. The study was a randomized double-blind crossover comparison of nedocromil sodium administered by a pressurized aerosol (4 mg b.d.) with placebo. Crossovers were made at 14-day intervals throughout 8 weeks of the grass pollen season. Histamine airway responsiveness was assessed twice before the pollen season and at the end of each 14-day treatment period. Results were expressed as the provocation concentration (PC) producing a 10% fall in FEV1 (PC10 FEV1) and a 40% fall in flow at 30% of the vital capacity (PC40V̇30(P)). During the pollen season all patients developed hay fever and seven had symptoms of asthma. The observed lowest values of PC10 FEV1 and PC40V̇30(P) during the placebo treatment periods were significantly lower than mean preseasonal values although not significantly lower than theoretical expected values. Geometric means PC10 FEV1 and PC40V̇30(P) were significantly higher during nedocromil sodium treatment compared with placebo. These results indicate that nedocromil sodium has a small but statistically significant effect reducing histamine airway responsiveness in grass-pollen sensitive patients during the pollen season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1986.tb01962.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attenuation of exercise-induced asthma by pretreatment with nedocromil sodium and minocromil (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 15 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a group of atopic adult asthmatic patients the effects of two new inhaled anti-asthmatic drugs, nedocromil sodium and minocromil were studied in two independent randomized double-blind trials to assess their efficacy in preventing exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Exercise testing consisted of steady state running on an inclined treadmill. Neither drug administered 30 min before exercise significantly altered baseline FEV1. Nedocromil sodium (2 and 4 mg) pre-treatment in nine patients and minocromil (4 mg) in eight patients gave significant protection (P 〈 0.001) compared to placebo as assessed by the reduction in the maximum percentage fall in FEV1. There was no significant difference in the inhibitory effect of the two doses of nedocromil sodium. These results indicate that both nedocromil sodium and minocromil can attenuate EIA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1985.tb03006.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Active cigarette smoking and asthma (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01805.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum and sputum neurotrophin levels in chronic persistent cough (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Neurotrophins (NTs) are a family of growth factors, including nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin3 (NT-3) that are involved in inflammation. Serum and induced sputum NT levels are increased in asthma and in cough because of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, respectively. Neurogenic inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic cough in individuals with normal chest radiography, but the role of NTs in this condition is unknown.Objective To assess if NT levels are elevated in the serum and airways in subjects with chronic persistent cough.Methods Eighty-one subjects with chronic cough persistent for over 1 year; with normal chest radiography and spirometry were included. Thirty healthy subjects were controls. Serum NGF, BDNF and NT-3 were measured by enzyme immumoassay. In a subset, NGF was measured in induced sputum. Sputum cell counts and allergen-specific serum IgE were measured and all patients received specific sequential treatment trials to achieve a final diagnosis for the cough.Results There was no significant difference either in the levels of serum or sputum NTs in chronic cough subjects compared with controls or between the most common causes of cough: post-nasal drip syndrome, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, asthma and bronchiectasis. The median (inter-quartile range) for sputum NGF (pg/mL) was 516 (296–772) in healthy controls and 580 (312–880) in subjects with chronic cough (P=0.284). There was no correlation between NT levels and sputum cell counts. Sputum NGF levels correlated with duration of cough (r=0.34, P=0.002).Conclusion: NTs are not elevated in induced sputum or serum of subjects with chronic persistent cough. This implies that NTs do not have a central role in perpetuating airway inflammation in chronic persistent cough.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02286.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of FPL57787 in exercise-induced asthma (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 10 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In ten patients with extrinsic asthma the effects of a new oral chromone FPL57787 and placebo were studied in a random double-blind fashion to assess the effect of FPL57787 in preventing exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Exercise testing consisted of steady state running on an inclined treadmill for up to 8 min. FPL57787 gave significant protection (P 〈 0.01) compared to placebo from the maximum percentage fall in FEV1, FVC and MMEF after exercise. FPL57787 also produced a small but significant (P 〈 0.01) percentage increase in FEV1, 2 hr after the drug compared to placebo, whereas no significant increase was seen in FVC or in MMEF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1980.tb02078.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin-18 levels in induced sputum are reduced in asthmatic and normal smokers (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background IL-18 is a cytokine which is known to have an important role in the development of a Th1 lymphocyte response. As such, it may have a regulatory role in asthma by modifying Th2 lymphocyte responses. Cigarette smoking may amplify the airway inflammation associated with asthma.Objective This study investigated if IL-18 could be detected in induced sputum from asthmatics and normal subjects and if smoking altered IL-18 levels.Methods Induced sputum was obtained from asthmatic (31 smokers, 35 non-smokers) and normal (20 smokers, 20 non-smokers) subjects. All smokers had a smoking history of 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:09547894:CEA1973:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉15 pack years. IL-18 levels in sputum supernatant were measured by ELISA. IL-18 mRNA expression and cellular localization were assessed by quantitative PCR and immunocytochemistry, respectively.Results Smoking was associated with a significant reduction in IL-18 levels (median (interquartile range) – smokers 20 (0–102) pg/mL vs. non-smokers 358 (50–876) pg/mL, P〈0.001). This was more pronounced in asthmatics (smokers, 47 (40–64) pg/mL vs. non-smokers, 530 (30–1484) pg/mL; P〈0.001) than in normal subjects (smokers, 25 (0–78) pg/mL vs. non-smokers, 247 (50–656) pg/mL; P〈0.01). Within each of the smoking and non-smoking groups there was no significant difference in IL-18 levels between asthmatic and normal subjects. There was no correlation between sputum IL-18 levels and any specific cell type in the sputum samples nor serum IgE levels. IL-18 mRNA expression was reduced in asthmatic smokers compared with non-smokers. IL-18 production was localized to sputum macrophages by immunocytochemistry.Conclusions IL-18 is detectable in induced sputum samples from both asthmatic and normal subjects. Cigarette smoking significantly reduces sputum IL-18 levels. This effect is more pronounced in asthmatics than in normal subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01973.x
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