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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 44 (1996), S. 391-396 
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Animal Behaviour 45 (1993), S. 1083-1100 
    ISSN: 0003-3472
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0277-9536
    Keywords: antenatal ultrasound ; attitudes ; beliefs ; cerebral ultrasound ; routine vs non-routine presentation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 53 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This paper describes an experimental study of the effects of food supply, growth rates and social interactions on homing by juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in response to displacement. Groups of five fish were housed in a section of an artificial stream and given either rations allowing maximum growth (the rich condition) or 0·1 of this amount (the poor condition); daily specific growth rates were significantly higher in the rich condition. After a 6-day settlement period, the fish were captured, displaced downstream and their movements recorded over the next 3 h. Prior to displacement, the fish showed a high degree of site fidelity and high levels of aggression. Dominant fish and those with stronger site attachment grew faster prior to displacement, these effects being independent. Following displacement, 24% of all fish returned to their previously favoured site and stayed there, 23% returned home initially, but subsequently moved on, 5% settled in a new site and 49% failed to move. The distribution of responses was identical for the rich and poor conditions, but fish that homed were dominant and had grown faster during the pre-displacement period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: parasitoid ; hyperparasitoid ; predation ; gypsy moth ; mass-release ; parasitoid-augmentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des cocons deCotesia melanoscela (Ratzeburg) (Hym.: braconidae) on été exposés sur le terrain, durant des périodes de 2 semaines et sur trois sites du Maryland, aux attaques potentielles de leurs ennemis naturels, puis placés dans un insectarium en extérieur jusqu'à l'émergence des adultes deC. melanoscela ou des hyperparasitoïdes. La période à laquelle sont placés les cocons deC. melanoscela sur le terrain a une forte influence sur le nombre deC. melanoscela qui survivent et émergent en tant qu'adultes en même temps que les premiers stades sensibles deLymantria dispar. La proportion des adultes ayant émergé qui sont disponibles pendant la période où l'hôte est dans un stade sensible varie de 1 à 92 %, selon les dates des lâchers. Novembre et décembre sont les deux mois les plus favorables pour placer les cocons deC. melanoscela avec une émergence des adultes de 74 à 92 % au moment des pics de stades hôtes sensibles. C'est au printemps que les lâchers étaient les moins efficaces. Les causes d'innefficacité, variables selon les lieux et les dates, on été: les pertes durant les manipulations, l'abscence d'émergence, l'hyperparasitisme, la prédation et l'émergence d'adultes deC. melanoscela à des périodes où les stades sensibles de l'hôte ne sont pas disponibles. Les lâchers de novembre et décembre permettent d'éviter l'attaque des ennemis naturels et sont suivis par l'entrée en diapause et un développement post-diapause qui favorisent la survie et la synchronisation de l'émergence des adultes avec les stades hôtes réceptifs.
    Notes: Abstract Cohorts ofCotesia melanoscela (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) cocoons were exposed in the field at three Maryland locations to attack by natural enemies for two week periods, then were held in an outdoor insectary untilC. melanoscela adult or hyperparasitoid emergence. The timing of placement of theC. melanoscela cocoons in the field had a profound effect on the number ofC. melanoscela that survived and emerged as adults in synchrony with the field occurence of susceptible early-instarLymantria dispar (L.) larvae. The proportion of emerged adults available during susceptible host stages ranged from 1–92%, depending on dates of release. November or December placements ofC. melanoscela cocoons were most effective with 74–92 % emergence of adults during peak periods of susceptible host stages. Spring placements were least effective. The causes of ineffective placement, which varied with location and with date, were program (handling) loss, non-emergence, attack by hyperparasitoids, predation, andC. melanoscela adult emergence at times when appropriateL. dispar life stages would not be present. We concluded that November/December releases avoided natural enemies and promoted appropriate diapause and post-diapause development that enhanced survival and synchrony of adult emergence with host stage susceptibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The use of DNA probes to detect linkage between a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and a mutated locus has led to the successful mapping of inherited disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy4, Huntington's chorea5, poly-cystic kidney disease6 and cystic fibrosis7'8. In view of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 328 (1987), S. 524-526 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We chose to search for loss of heterozygosity by using a panel of locus-specific minisatellite probes10'11 isolated from a human genomic library using the minisatellite probes 33.15 and 33.6 (ref. 12). These locus-specific probes each detect multiple alleles with a high degree of heterozygosity, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Gypsy moth ; Lymantria dispar ; disparlure ; pheromone ; mating disruption ; laminate flakes ; forest pest ; aerial application
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This four-year study demonstrated that low-density populations of the gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar (L.), were effectively suppressed by annual aerial application of 75 g of racemic disparlure per hectare formulated in plastic laminate flakes. These tests also showed that, when plots were treated with 150 g of pheromone per hectare in 1990 only and left untreated for the following three years, populations continued to be suppressed in 1991–1993 as compared with the controls. Although none of the plots were treated in 1994, population assessment continued and showed that the gypsy moth population density remained low in the plots that had been treated annually for the preceding four years. The laminate flakes released an average of 0.48 g disparlure per day per hectare from each of the two applications in 1990, and 0.72 g per day per hectare from the single application in each of the following three years (1991–1993). Only 27–40% of the applied pheromone dose was emitted during male moth flight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Plant allelochemical ; parasitoid ; three trophic level interaction ; antibiosis ; nicotine ; tobacco ; Manduca sexta ; Lepidoptera ; Sphingidae ; Cotesia congregata ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The significance of nicotine in the three trophic level interaction involving tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta), and the parasitoidCotesia congregata was investigated in field plots of two varieties of tobacco which had about a 10-fold difference in their nicotine content. WhileM. sexta mortality, rates of parasitism byC. congregata, and the total number ofC. congregata larvae produced per host were similar on each of the two varieties, the number of parasitoids reaching adult-hood on the low nicotine treatment was nearly twice that on the high nicotine treatment. This difference was due to the significantly greater proportion of parasitoid larvae which failed to emerge from the host or that died prior to pupation after emerging from hosts which fed on the high nicotine variety. A greater proportion of larvae from hosts which fed on the low nicotine tobacco died as pupae. No treatment differences occurred for either sex of the parasitoid in individual dry weight, longevity, or pupal development time, except that female pupal duration was prolonged in the high nicotine treatment. These results support the suggestion that plant allelochemicals, which may function to provide plant resistance against pest herbivores, can be detrimental to natural enemies of the pest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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