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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of chronic stress on the development of histamine enzymes (1977)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 7 (1977), S. 437-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The activity of histidine-decarboxylase (HD) and histamine-N-methyl-transferase (HMT) was studied in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex of rats from birth to adulthood. Development patterns were compared in sea-level controls and in rats born and maintained continuously in a natural hypoxic environment (at a high altitude of 3800 m, PO 2 13%) to determine whether chronic stress alters the development of the enzymes for histamine. When expressed in terms of total activity, both enzyme activities were low at birth and progressively increased with age in the two areas studied. When expressed in terms of specific activity, the developmental pattern of the enzymes better reflected that of histamine: for example, at birth, high HD activity and low HMT corresponded to high histamine levels; at 7 days, low HD activity and high HMT corresponded to low histamine levels. It is suggested that a feedback mechanism may operate between endogenous histamine levels and the activity of its synthesizing and catebolizing enzymes. Exposure to chronic stress failed to alter enzymatic activity during the first postnatal week, but significantly influenced it in later development and adulthood. In the hypothalamus stress induced HD activity in the developing animals but depressed it in the adults. In the cerebral cortex, HMT rather than HD was stimulated by stress, but here again the effects were age-dependent. The sensitivity of histaminergic enzymes to environmental stimulation provides indirect supportive evidence for neurotransmitter role of histamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01966849
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of chronic stress on the development of histamine enzymes (1977)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 7 (1977), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The activity of histidine-decarboxylase (HD) and histamine-N-methyl transferase (HMT) was studied in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex of rats from birth to adulthood. Developmental patterns were compared in sea level controls and in rats born and maintained continuously in a natural hypoxic environment (at a high altitude of 3800 m, PO2 13%) to determine whether chronic stress alters the development of the enzymes for histamine. When expressed in terms of total activity, both enzyme activities were low at birth and progressively increased with age in the two areas studied. When expressed in terms of specific activity, the developmental pattern of the enzymes better reflected that of histamine: for example, at birth, high HD activity and low HMT corresponded to high histamine levels; at 7 days, low HD activity and high HMT corresponded to low histamine levels. It is suggested that a feedback mechanism may operate between endogenous histamine levels and the activity of its synthesizing and catabolizing enzymes. Exposure to chronic stress failed to alter enzymatic activity during the first postnatal week, but significantly influenced it in later development and adulthood. In the hypothalamus, stress induced HD activity in the developing animals but depressed it in the adults. In the cerebral cortex, HMT rather than HD was stimulated by stress, but here again the effects were age-dependent. The sensitivity of histaminergic enzymes to environmental stimulation provides indirect supportive evidence for neurotransmitter role of histamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01969969
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex and Strain Differences in Electroshock Convulsions of the Rat (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 190 (1961), S. 515-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] OUR objectives were to determine whether differences in the [threshold and pattern of electroshock seizures exist between male and female, and maze-bright and maze-dull rats. Our interest in this problem developed from the following considerations: (1) Woolley and Timiras1 have shown that ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/190515a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHOLINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY AND TOTAL PROTEIN CONTENT IN SELECTED OPTIC AREAS OF THE RAT AFTER COMPLETE LIGHT-DEPRIVATION DURING CNS DEVELOPMENT (1968)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 15 (1968), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Choline acetyltransferase (acetyl-CoA: choline 0-acetyltransferase, I.U.B. 2.3.1.6) activity and total protein content in visual and extra-visual areas were compared in normal Long-Evans rats and in rats subjected to complete light-deprivation for 21 days from birth. The enzyme activity and the protein content in the superior colliculi, lateral geniculate bodies and visual cortex, as well as in the sensory-motor cortex, hypothalamus, brain stem and cerebellum, were measured in both mothers and progeny. By means of a radiochemical technique modified in this laboratory, a significant decline of ChAc activity was observed in the lateral geniculate bodies and superior colliculi, with no significant decline in the visual cortex of the experimental progeny. Total protein content, measured colorimetrically, was significantly decreased in the superior colliculi of the progeny. The biochemical data obtained from all other brain areas in the experimental animals (progeny and mothers) and controls demonstrated no marked differences. The enzymic alterations observed in the cholinergic system of progeny after complete light-deprivation during this critical period of CNS development can be specifically correlated with decreased functional maturation of the visual system. If it is accepted that ACh is a neuro-transmitter in some parts of the visual pathway, the data presented here suggest that complete light-deprivation from birth to 21 days of age in the rat has an effect on a biochemical system involved in synaptic transmission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1968.tb10323.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of X-irradiation on the content of amino acids in the developing rat cerebellum (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 19 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1972.tb05133.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INFLUENCE OF EARLY VISUAL DEPRIVATION ON REGIONAL ACTIVITY OF BRAIN ATPases IN DEVELOPING RATS (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 22 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of light deprivation from birth to 40 days of age on the development of Na-K-ATPase and Mg-ATPase activity, enzymes significantly involved in cerebral energy exchange, ion transport, and synaptic function, were investigated in visual and non-visual brain areas of the rat. Although both enzymes generally showed a progressive depression with age in light-deprived rats, Na-K-ATPase was more depressed than Mg-ATPase, and significant effects were confined to the superior colliculi, visual cortex, frontal cortex and hypothalamus. A disparate developmental pattern was evidenced in Na-K-ATPase activity in the visual cortex, where it was higher than control values at day 10 but lower by day 40, and in the hypothalamus, where it was lower on days 10 and 25 but significantly higher on day 40. The depression of Mg-ATPase in the hypothalamus of light-deprived rats at all ages and the activation of Na-K-ATPase in this structure is interpreted to mean that discrete alterations may have occurred in neurosecretory functions of the hypothalamus, known to be responsive to light. Transferring dark-reared animals to normal light-cycle conditions at day 25 affected only Mg-ATPase in the visual cortex and Na-K-ATPase in the hypothalamus, both enzymes showing a significant increase by day 40 over values in continually light-deprived animals. These findings confirm that early light deprivation is associated with important biochemical and neuroendocrine changes that persist into adulthood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1974.tb04286.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Participation of ‘Brown Fat’ Tissue in the Alarm Reaction (1949)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 164 (1949), S. 745-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN the course of our studies on the general-adaptation syndrome, we were surprised to note the intense morphological changes which occur, during the alarm reaction stage, in the so-called ‘brown fat’. It will be recalled that in various animal species, a special type of adipose tissue occurs, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/164745b0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glutamic acid: A strong candidate as the neurotransmitter of the cerebellar granule cell (1976)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 1 (1976), S. 73-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Free amino acids and cholinergic enzymes were investigated in the cerebellum of reeler and weaver mice in an attempt to identify the neurotransmitter characteristic of the granule cell population and to clarify any neurotransmitter abnormalities of their pre- and postsynaptic neurons induced by their depletion. The data indicate that glutamic acid may be the neurotransmitter of the granule cells. Pre- and postsynaptic neurotransmitter activity seemed not to be markedly altered in cerebellar granule cell dysgenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00965633
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free amino acids in synaptic vesicles isolated from the cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres of control and neonatally X-irradiated rats (1984)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 9 (1984), S. 1533-1542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract X-irradiation of the rat brain (1000R, at two days of age), suppresses the normal age-related increase in the weight of the cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres and influences amino acid levels. The decrease in glutamic acid concentration, particularly in the cerebellum, supports the previously advanced proposition that this amino acid may be associated with, or may be the transmitter of, the rat cerebellar granule cells. Subfractionation of the cerebellar tissue reveals that the decrease in the glutamic acid level consequent to the loss of granule cells, is reflected in the cytoplasmic fraction but not in the synaptic vesicle subfraction, where glutamic acid was increased. The reduced weight gain in the cerebral hemispheres after irradiation, is accompanied by a significant decrease of aspartate in the cytoplasmic fraction, changes which suggest that a specific cell type, with aspartic acid as its neurotransmitter (possibly in the hippocampus), may also be radiosensitive in the early postnatal period. In contrast, in the synaptic vesicle fraction from cerebral hemispheres, all free amino acids, with the exception of glutamine, increased significantly. Overall, the changes in free amino acid concentration induced by X-irradiation in the cytoplasmic fraction in both brain regions studied are opposite to those found in the synaptic vesicle fraction and although they may indicate changes in specific cell populations, as proposed above, they could also reflect changes in cellular compartmentalization and metabolism or changes in the relative axonal arborization of the affected regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00964679
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of nuclear T3 receptors in human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y: Effect of differentiation with sodium butyrate and nerve growth factor (1991)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 16 (1991), S. 113-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: T3 receptors ; human neuroblastoma SY5Y ; in vitro differentiation ; NGF ; sodium butyrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nuclear receptors for the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) have been identified in vivo in brain tissues and in vitro in mouse and rat neuroblastoma and glioma cells. The present study characterizes nuclear T3 receptors in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and compares their levels before and after differentiation. Undifferentiated cells, grown in DME/HAM F-12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, show an abundant single type of nuclear receptor, indicated by a straight Scatchard plot, with aK d of 0.11 nmol/l. After treatment with sodium butyrate (0.5 mM for 4 days) or NGF (2 nM for 6 days), the cells showed neuronal-like patterns (extension of neurites, slowing of growth, increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity), with a decrease in the number of nuclear T3 receptors. As sodium butyrate and NGF treatments differentiate neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, these data suggest a down-regulation of T3 receptors with cell maturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00965697
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