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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry 6 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1708-8240
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 31 (1992), S. 2885-2888 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The chemical educator 3 (1998), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1430-4171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The reductive amination of pyruvate esters using benzylamine and sodium triacetoxyborohydride is described. Students isolate the N-benzylalanine ester and determine its structure using NMR and IR spectroscopy. Computational methods using CAChe provide information on reactive sites in the pyruvate substrate and reaction intermediates and allow for insight into the reaction mechanism. This experiment is safer than the more traditional reductive amination techniques, and it is appropriate for the introductory organic laboratory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The present research was aimed at studying the synthesis of lipids from 14C-acetate in vitro by ovarian tissue in relation to oogenesis and at examining the binding of newly synthesized lipids to ovarian proteins. Lipid synthesis gradually increased during oogenesis. Fifty percent of the newly synthesized lipids was phosphatidyl choline; triacylglycerols reached 30 to 35%; diacylglycerol was a relatively important component of the synthesized neutral lipids in immature ovaries. Cholesterol was not synthesized. Only saturated (73%) and monounsaturated (26%) fatty acids were labeled. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were not synthesized. Bound lipids in developing ovaries were associated mainly with vitellin. Lipids were bound also to two other proteins in immature ovaries. Binding of lipids to vitellin was observed at the commencement of vitellogenesis. Up to a third of the newly synthesized lipids was bound to vitellin, with triacylglycerols and phosphatidyl choline as the main bound lipids. Peneaus semisulcatus individuals examined in the present study were collected in Haifa Bay, Israel during the years 1990 to 1992.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 75 (1996), S. 49-57 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  We study the creation of topological maps. It is well known that topological defects, like kinks in one-dimensional maps or twists (‘butterflies’) in two-dimensional maps, can be (metastable) fixed points of the learning process. We are interested in transition times from these disordered configurations to the perfectly ordered configurations, i.e., the average time it takes to remove a kink or to unfold a twist. For this study we consider a self-organizing learning rule which is equivalent to the Kohonen learning rule, except for the determination of the ‘winning’ unit. The advantage of this particular learning rule is that it can be derived from an error potential. The existence of an error potential facilitates a global description of the learning process. Mappings in one and two dimensions are used as examples. For small lateral-interaction strength, topological defects correspond to local minima of the error potential, whereas global minima are perfectly ordered configurations. Theoretical results on the transition times from the local to the global minima of the error potential are compared with computer simulations of the learning rule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 156 (1991), S. 270-276 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Coding regions ; Codon frequency table ; IS-like elements ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Repeated sequence ; Bradyrhizobium japonicum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To date, the sequences of 45 Bradyrhizobium japonicum genes are known. This provides sufficient information to determine their codon usage and G+C content. Surprisingly, B. japonicum nodulation and NifA-regulated genes were found to have a less biased codon usage and a lower G+C content than genes not belonging to these two groups. Thus, the coding regions of nodulation genes and NifA-regulated genes could hardly be identified in codon preference plots whereas this was not difficult with other genes. The codon frequency table of the highly biased genes was used in a codon preference plot to analyze the RSRjα9 sequence which is an insertion sequence (IS)-like element. The plot helped identify a new open reading frame (ORF355) that escaped previous detection because of two sequencing errors. These were now corrected. The deduced gene product of ORF355 in RSRjα9 showed extensive similarity to a putative protein encoded by an ORF in the T-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The DNA sequences bordering both ORFs showed inverted repeats and potential target site duplications which supported the assumption that they were IS-like elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 32 (1979), S. 291-305 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65D30 ; CR 5.16
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary A general cubature formula with an arbitrary preassigned weight function is derived using monosplines and integration by parts. The problem of determining the best cubature is formulated in terms of monosplines of least deviation and a solution to the problem is given by Theorem 3 below. This theorem may also be viewed as an optimal property of a new kind of two-dimensional spline interpolation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Machine learning 1 (1986), S. 47-80 
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: explanation-based learning ; explanation-based generalization ; goal regression ; constraint back-propagation ; operationalization ; similarity-based generalization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The problem of formulating general concepts from specific training examples has long been a major focus of machine learning research. While most previous research has focused on empirical methods for generalizing from a large number of training examples using no domain-specific knowledge, in the past few years new methods have been developed for applying domain-specific knowledge to formulate valid generalizations from single training examples. The characteristic common to these methods is that their ability to generalize from a single example follows from their ability to explain why the training example is a member of the concept being learned. This paper proposes a general, domain-independent mechanism, called EBG, that unifies previous approaches to explanation-based generalization. The EBG method is illustrated in the context of several example problems, and used to contrast several existing systems for explanation-based generalization. The perspective on explanation-based generalization afforded by this general method is also used to identify open research problems in this area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Machine learning 1 (1986), S. 47-80 
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: explanation-based learning ; explanation-based generalization ; goal regression ; constraint back-propagation ; operationalization ; similarity-based generalization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The problem of formulating general concepts from specific training examples has long been a major focus of machine learning research. While most previous research has focused on empirical methods for generalizing from a large number of training examples using no domain-specific knowledge, in the past few years new methods have been developed for applying domain-specific knowledge to for-mulate valid generalizations from single training examples. The characteristic common to these methods is that their ability to generalize from a single example follows from their ability to explain why the training example is a member of the concept being learned. This paper proposes a general, domain-independent mechanism, called EBG, that unifies previous approaches to explanation-based generalization. The EBG method is illustrated in the context of several example problems, and used to contrast several existing systems for explanation-based generalization. The perspective on explanation-based generalization afforded by this general method is also used to identify open research problems in this area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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