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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral ischemia ; Brain edema ; Cerebral microcirculation ; Hypoperfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three transient episodes of 5 min ischemia spaced at 1-h intervals were produced in Mongolian gerbils by bilateral carotid artery occlusion with an implanted vascular occlusion device. The interval of 1 h was chosen to allow for the development of postischemic hypoperfusion between the ischemic episodes. Three minutes and 1 h after each ischemic episode, and 6 and 24 h after the third occlusion, Evan's blue (EB) was injected intravenously to trace circulating blood, and the number of perfused capillaries was determined in various brain regions by fluorescence microscopy. Brain edema was evaluated by measuring specific gravity in tissue samples taken from adjacent areas. Repetitive ischemia caused progressively increasing brain edema and a progressive reduction of the number of perfused capillaries. Immediately after each ischemic episode, transient recruitment of capillaries occurred, thus excluding noreflow as a main pathogenetic factor of microcirculatory disturbances. The pattern of microcirculation 6 and 24 h after the last occlusion revealed a redistribution of circulating blood, characterized by a reduction in the number of EB-filled capillaries associated with a noticeable dilatation of the larger vascular channels. Our studies suggest a close interrelationship between post-ischemic microcirculatory hypoperfusion and the development of brain edema, the degree and extent of which progresses with the repetition of ischemic episodes when they are carried out during the periods of hypoperfusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Dental traumatology 14 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The use of mouthguards in contact sports effectively prevents oral injury and preserves oral structures. We investigated oral injuries and awareness concerning mouthguards ainong Japanese high school soccer and rugby players. Athletes were asked a series of questions concerning their history of oral injury while participating in sports, and their pattern of mouthguard use was determined. The data were evaluated statistically using chi-square analysis. The incidence of oral injuries was 32.3% for soccer athletes and 56.5% for rugby athletes, with 0.8% and 24.1% of the respective groups having mouthguards. There were sigmficant differences between the soccer and rugby groups (p〈0.001). Although 81.8% of soccer athletes thought mouthguards were unnecessary, only 26.2% of rugby athletes shared this opinion and there was a sigmficant difference between the soccer and rugby groups. Many soccer ath-letes had insufficient knowledge about mouthguards and were not concerned about preventing oral injury, although it was in fact a common problem in their sport. Athletes as well as coaches must be made aware of the high risk of oral injury when playing soccer, rugby, and other contact sports.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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