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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deficiency of cox1 gene expression in wheat plants with Aegilops columnaris cytoplasm (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 30 (1996), S. 509-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Mitochondria ; cox genes ; Transcription ; Alloplasmic wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Wheat plants with Aegilops columnaris cytoplasm are characterized by growth inhibition and partial male sterility and show an impaired mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity. We designed this study to clarify the functional relationship between this impaired cytochrome c oxidase activity and possible structural alterations to the mitochondrial genes cox1, cox2 and cox3 that encode three subunits of the cytochrome c oxidase. Using restriction mapping and DNA sequencing, we found major rearrangements in the flanking regions of the cox1 and cox3 genes. In Northern-blot analysis, we detected two different cox3 transcripts and a reduced level of a cox2 transcript, whereas we could not detect a transcript of cox1. These results suggest that rearrangements of the flanking regions of the cox1 gene may result in the severe suppression of its transcription, and subsequently, may lead to the impaired cytochrome c oxidase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050163
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An EMS-induced wheat mutant restoring fertility against photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 114 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Triticum aestivum cv. ‘Norin 26’ with Aegilops crassa cytoplasm shows photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (PCMS). This alloplasmic line is almost completely male-sterile under long-day conditions (≥ 15h), but highly male-fertile under short-day conditions (≤ 14.5h). To obtain male—fertile mutants against PCMS, seeds of the alloplasmic line were treated with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). The M3 generation was evaluated for PCMS expression, and one fertility-restoring (FR-mutant) line showing high male fertility under the long-day conditions was selected. Reciprocal F, hybrids between the FR-mutant and the alloplasmic ‘Norin 26’ showed male sterility under the long-day conditions, and continuous segregation with respect to the degree of fertility restoration occurred in their F2 generations. These results indicate that multiple recessive mutations with minor effects, induced in the nuclear genome, are involved in the fertility restoration. In fact, no restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA between the FR-mutant and the alloplasmic ‘Norin 26’ are found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1995.tb00794.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic diversity of the cytoplasm in Triticum and Aegilops (1976)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 48 (1976), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Twelve kinds of common wheat nuclei were placed into the cytoplasms of 23 species of Aegilops and Triticum by repeated backcrosses in the Laboratory of Genetics, Kyoto University. Using these nucleus-cytoplasm hybrids, the distribution of the variegation-inducing cytoplasms was investigated. The variegation was maternally inherited, and was found to be temperature-dependent; it was expressed only at low temperatures, accompanied by a remarkable reduction in the content of chlorophyll a and b, and recovered to almost normal level in a greenhouse kept at 25 °C. The variegation was expressed only by special combinations of the wheat nuclei and alien cytoplasms; nine common wheat nuclei, Tve, P168, CS, N26, Slm, Sk, S615, Sphr, and Splt, and six cytoplasms, T. boeoticum, Ae. umbellulata, Ae. triuncialis, Ae. biuncialis, Ae. columaris, and Ae. triaristata 6x, expressed weak to strong variegation in almost all combinations. Combinations of three common wheat nuclei (JF , Comp and Macha) and 17 other cytoplasms showed no variegation: JF , Comp and Macha appeared to have a sort of restoring gene(s) against variegation. Since distribution of the variegation-inducing cytoplasms was confined to the A and Cu type plasmas, it was assumed that the plasmagene(s) responsible for the variegation originated in the diploid level and was transmitted from Ae. umbellulata to three tetraploid and one hexaploid species of Polyeides section through the process of amphidiploidization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282405
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production and characterization of alloplasmic lines of a triticale ‘Rosner’ (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 68 (1984), S. 169-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Alloplasmic triticale ; Male-sterile triticale ; Wheat cytoplasm ; Aegilops cytoplasm ; Cytoplasmic relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The transfer of cytoplasms of various Triticum and Aegilops species to a hexaploid triticale (‘Rosner’) has been attempted using 30 alloplasmic lines and a euplasmic line of common wheat as cytoplasmic donors. The average rate of F1 hybrid production (seed setting rateXgermination rate) following an ordinary method of crossing is only 0.09%, whereas this rate is increased to 3.1% by use of embryo culture. The first backcross of the F1 plants with triticale pollen is again difficult, the hybrid production being 0.9%. Further backcrosses proceed smoothly in most cases. As a consequence, the following seven cytoplasms have been transferred to triticale: T. dicoccum, T. aestivum, Ae. squarrosa, Ae. cylindrica, Ae. juvenalis, Ae. ovata and Ae. speltoides. None of these alien cytoplasms causes more meiotic instability than does the triticale's own cytoplasm. Two cytoplasms of T. dicoccum and T. aestivum, both belonging to the B plasma type, have no effect upon any of triticale's characters. Two D type cytoplasms of Ae. squarrosa and Ae. cylindrica cause about 50% reduction of male fertility but exert no other remarkable effects. This fact suggests a partial functional compensation of the effect of a 1D chromosome upon interacting with D cytoplasm by a rye chromosome substituting for it in triticale. A D2 cytoplasm of Ae. juvenalis causes earlier heading and complete male sterility, accompanied by some reduction of growth vigor. An M0 type cytoplasm of Ae. ovata and an S type cytoplasm of Ae. speltoides cause a great heading delay, complete male sterility, and severe reduction of vigor. From the viewpoint of triticale breeding, none of these cytoplasms appears superior to the triticale's own cytoplasm. However, from the viewpoint of genetics, the hexaploid triticale is an effective tester for differentiating the B, S, and D plasma types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252334
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity and evolution of chloroplast DNA in Triticum and Aegilops as revealed by restriction fragment analysis (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 321-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Evolution of cpDNA ; Restriction fragment analysis ; Wheat-Aegilops species ; Phylogenetic relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Restriction fragment analysis of chloroplast (cp) DNAs from 35 wheat (Triticum) and Aegilops species, including their 42 accessions, was carried out with the use of 13 restriction enzymes to clarify variation in their cpDNAs. Fourteen fragment size mutations (deletions/insertions) and 33 recognition site changes were detected among 209 restriction sites sampled. Based on these results, the 42 accessions of wheat-Aegilops could be classified into 16 chloroplast genome types. Most polyploids and their related diploids showed identical restriction fragment patterns, indicating the conservatism of the chloroplast genome during speciation, and maternal lineages of most polyploids were disclosed. This classification of cpDNAs was principally in agreement with that of the plasma types assigned according to phenotypes arising from nucleus-cytoplasm interactions. These mutations detected by restriction fragment analysis were mapped on the physical map of common wheat cpDNA, which was constructed with 13 restriction endonucleases. Length mutations were more frequently observed in some regions than in others: in a 16.0 kilo base pairs (kbp) of DNA region, including rbcL and petA genes, 6 of 14 length mutations were concentrated. This indicates that hot spot regions exist for deletions/insertions in chloroplast genome. On the other hand, 33 recognition site mutations seemed to be distributed equally throughout the genome, except in the inverted repeat region where only one recognition site change was observed. Base substitution rate (p) of cpDNA was similar to that of other plants, such as Brassica, pea and Lycopersicon, showing constant base substitution rates among related taxa and slow evolution of cpDNA compared with animal mitochondrial DNA. Phylogenetic relationships among Triticum and Aegilops species were discussed, based on the present data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265331
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 575-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289543
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical map of chloroplast DNA of aerial yam, Dioscorea bulbifera L. (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Aerial yam ; Dioscorea bulbifera L. ; Chloroplast DNA ; Physical map ; Clone bank
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A physical map of chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) of aerial yam, Dioscorea bulbifera L. was constructed using three restriction endonucleases, PstI, SalI, and SmaI. In addition, a clone bank of the BamHI-digested fragments were generated, and the locations of most BamHI fragments on the map were also determined. The ctDNA of D. bulbifera was found to be a circular molecule with a total size of ca. 152 kb involving two inverted repeats of ca. 25.5 kb, and small and large single copy regions of ca. 18.5 and 83.4 kb, respectively. The genes for the large subunit of the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) and the ATP-synthase subunits β and ɛ (atpB/atpE) were mapped.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299745
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wheat phylogeny determined by RFLP analysis of nuclear DNA. 2. Wild tetraploid wheats (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; RFLP ; Triticum dicoccoides ; T. araraticum ; Genetic divergence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Intra- and inter-specific variations in the nuclear DNA of Triticum dicoccoides Körn. (2n = 28, genome constitution AABB) and T. araraticum Jakubz. (2n = 28, AAGG), wild species, respectively, of the Emmer and Timopheevi group, were studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Total DNAs of 32 T. dicoccoides and 24 T. araraticum accessions, collected from throughout the distribution areas of these species, were treated with two 6-bp cutters and hybridized with 30 nuclear DNA clones as probes to detect RFLPs. A total of 167 hybrid bands were observed per accession. All the enzyme-probe combinations showed RFLPs between accessions. The average genetic distance between the T. dicoccoides accessions was 0.0135 ± 0.0031 and that between the T. araraticum accessions 0.0036 ± 0.0015, indicative of about a four-fold intraspecific variation in T. dicoccoides as compared to T. araraticum in terms of genetic distance. No significant genetic differentiation was found for the geographical populations of these species, the genetic distance between the two species being 0.0482 ± 0.0022. The interspecific divergence corrected for intraspecific divergence was 0.0395, about three times that for T. dicoccoides and 11 times that for T. araraticum. The results show that in the wild state the Emmer and Timopheevi groups are clearly differentiated and that T. dicoccoides has much greater variation than T. araraticum, suggesting a relatively recent origin for the latter and therefore a diphyletic origin for these species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221006
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Moderately repeated, dispersed, and highly variable (MRDHV) genomic sequences of common wheat usable for cultivar identification (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 84 (1992), S. 535-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; MRDHV sequences ; DNA fingerprint ; Transposable element ; Cultivar identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A 4.1-kb DNA clone (pTag546), which when used as a probe produces hypervariable DNA fingerprints in common wheat, was found among the genomic clones of Triticum aestivum cv ‘Chinese Spring’. Nulli-tetrasomic analyses revealed that the sequences hybridizing to this clone were located at 12 loci on ten chromosomes of the A, B, and D genomes of common wheat. The complete nucleotide sequence of pTag546 was shown to have a transposable element-like structure within it, though no open reading frame was detected. The sequences located in the A and D genomes were assumed to have been derived from the B genome by transposition. Using this clone as a probe, we were able to identify 56 common wheat cultivars, some of which are closely related, by their DNA fingerprints. This suggests that pTag 546 will be useful for cultivar identification as well as for germ plasm evaluation in wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224149
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wheat phylogeny determined by RFLP analysis of nuclear DNA. 3. Intra- and interspecific variations of five Aegilops Sitopsis species (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 928-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Intraspecific variation ; Interspecific variation ; Aegilops Sitopsis species ; RFLP analysis ; Nuclear DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The level of intra- and interspecific variations on nuclear DNA in five Aegilops species of the Sitopsis section were investigated using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. A total of 18 accessions, i.e. 7 of Ae. speltoides, 3 of Ae. longissima, 2 of Ae. searsii, 3 of Ae. sharonensis and 3 of Ae. bicornis, were used. One accession each of Triticum aestivum, T. durum, T. urartu and Ae. squarrosa was included as reference material. Five enzymes and 20 probes were used. Among the five Sitopsis species studied, Ae. speltoides had the largest intraspecific variation which was as high as the interspecific variation observed among the other four species. The section Sitopsis was divided into two distinct groups: one containing only Ae. speltoides and the other, Ae. longissima, Ae. searsii, Ae. sharonensis and Ae. bicornis. This grouping by RFLP analysis is in agreement with the taxonomical classification of the subsections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050213
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