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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 46 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A study was conducted in patients receiving intravenous opioid analgesia to determine the incidence and degree of retrograde flow along the parallel gravity-driven infusion line. From 1187 hours of observations retrograde flow was found in 2.5% of the total time. In 70% of these cases this was equivalent to less than 1 mg of pethidine and in 96% this was equivalent to less than 5 mg of pethidine. The need for routine use of antireflux valves during intravenous opioid analgesia is therefore questioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 89 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Guanosine 3′:5′-phosphate (cyclic GMP) in urine has been used to monitor the response of patients with ovarian cancer to treatment. Changes in the cyclic GMP level appear to correlate well with clinical status in that the disappearance of clinically detectable tumour is associated with a drop in the level whereas a tumour recurrence is associated with an elevation. Serially measured cyclic GMP is valuable for detecting a recurrence of tumour growth in patients in clinical remission and can predate any clinical signs by as much as 10 months. In patients who show no response to treatment, cyclic GMP levels in urine are elevated in the majority of specimens collected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 22 (1983), S. 270-270 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The growth and metastasis of four commonly used experimental tumour lines have been compared after the implantation of cells into a lobe of the liver, the spleen, the left kidney, the peritoneal cavity, the thorax, the right thigh muscle, subcutaneously into the dorsolumbar region and intravenously into the tail vein or the right femoral vein. This was done to assess the importance of site in affecting metastatic distribution, and to determine whether any general conclusions could be drawn as to the role of this factor. Tumours grew at variable rates in different sites, but this did not affect the extent or distribution of metastasis. Each line gave a characteristic pattern that could be considerably modified by site. For example, in the spleen, metastasis was always extensively to the liver; in the kidney, and to some extent in the muscle, metastasis was similar to that obtained for intravenously injected cells; in the peritoneal cavity or thorax, metastasis was usually lower than from other sites; and in the liver, the metastasis to other lobes of the liver and to the lungs was modified. Many of these findings could be explained by both specific and non-specific factors operating at each site. It is suggested that interactions at the primary site of tumour growth may be very important in affecting metastasis, and that in the future more attention should be given to this factor in order to make progress in understanding tumour spread.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Keywords: CD44 ; cell adhesion ; hyaluronic acid ; invasion ; mesothelial cells ; metastasis ; ovarian tumour cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Our previous studies have suggested that the interaction between hyaluronic acid (HA) on peritoneal mesothelial cells and the membrane adhesion molecule, CD44, on ovarian tumour cells could be important in ovarian cancer metastasis. In order to study this further, adhesion of six ovarian tumour lines to HA coated on to a plastic surface was investigated. Four lines bound to the HA coat and two lines did not. The adhesive lines were those that expressed high amounts of CD44, but the degree of adhesion was not closely correlated with CD44 expression. The results suggested that different tumour lines had different affinities for HA. Treatment of the HA coat with hyaluronidase substantially reduced adhesion. Adhesion was also partially reduced if the tumour cells were preincubated with either soluble HA, or anti-CD44 antibodies directed against the HA binding region. An antibody against a non-HA binding region only slightly blocked adhesion at high antibody concentrations. Only the CD44H isoform was detected by immunoprecipitation on the tumour cells. These results suggest that ovarian tumour cells can attach to immobilised HA via CD44H on the cell membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Interferon treatment increases the ability of tumour cells to colonize the lungs. Although it has been suggested that this effect can be explained by increases in the expression of MHC molecules the precise mechanism is still uncertain. The growth in the lungs of a low (F1) and a high colonizing variant (BL6) of the B16 mouse melanoma have been studied after in vitro treatment with interferon. Interferon-gamma, but not interferon-alpha/beta, increased the number of lung colonies formed after intraveneous injection, but not after subcutaneous administration. Treatment also increased the sizes of the lung colonies formed and the number of radiolabelled cells retained by the lungs. However, no clear relationship was observed between the number of colonies formed and the concentration of interferon used. The effect of interferon on F1 was greater than on BL6, but the overall number of colonies formed was very similar. These results suggest that interferon increases the adhesiveness of these cell lines in a fairly non-specific manner, that seems unlikely to involve MHC molecules. As a result of this and other studies the importance of interferon in the process of tumour spread seems very questionable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A protinin (Trasylol) is shown to enhance the response of spleen cells from normal and tumour bearing mice to PPD and tumour cells. This enhancement is greater in the tumour-bearing mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 1657-1658 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ability of collagenase to disaggregate a solid metastasizing lymphosarcoma has been shown to considerably increase with reducing environmental pH. It is suggested that this effect may be operating in vivo to release cells from a primary tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetic rats ; wheat germ agglutinin ; N-acetyl glucosamine ; glomerular basement membrane ; lectin histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was designed to establish whether specific early changes in carbohydrate content of proteins in the glomerulus of the diabetic rat could be detected. Lectin staining of kidney sections from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were compared with similar sections from healthy and diabetic rats that were treated with insulin. Animal groups were killed 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after induction of diabetes. There were no differences in the staining of the glomerular basement membrane between control, insulin-treated and diabetic rats for the lectins concanavalin A, lotus tetragonolobus, soybean and kidney bean, with and without trypsinisation. Staining of the glomerulur basement membrane with wheat germ agglutinin after trypsinisation was significantly increased in the diabetic group when compared to both healthy and insulin-treated groups (p 〈 0.01). It was concluded that, in experimental diabetes mellitus in the rat, there is an accumulation of substances in the glomerular basement membrane and mesangium with an affinity for wheat germ agglutinin, most probably N-acetyl glucosamine, and this is partially prevented by insulin treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The response of a packed bed to a sine wave of temperature in a stream of fluid through it will depend upon the amount of dispersion in the resistance to transfer between fluid and solid, and the thermal properties of the soild. A method is presented that allows the effects of these three phenomena on the amplitude and phase angle to be unravelled and hence all their magnitudes to be computed simultaneously. It thus presents a way of determining these three quantities in situations where they were previously obtainable either with great uncertainty or not at all. The method requires measurements of the relative amplitudes and phase angles at three frequencies, and (preferably) at ω → 0 as well, all to be carried out with high accuracy.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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