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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Lactobacillus Promoter Consensus sequence Gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Promoter-active fragments were isolated from the genome of the probiotic organism Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG using the promoter-probe vector pNZ272. These promoter elements, together with a promoter fragment isolated from the vaginal strain Lactobacillus fermentum BR11 and two previously defined promoters (Lactococcus lactis lacA and Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 slpA), were introduced into three strains of Lactobacillus. Primer-extension analysis was used to map the transcriptional start site for each promoter. All promoter fragments tested were functional in each of the three lactobacilli and a purine residue was used to initiate transcription in most cases. The promoter elements encompassed a 52- to 1140-fold range in promoter activity depending on the host strain. Lactobacillus promoters were further examined by surveying previously mapped sequences for conserved base positions. The Lactobacillus hexamer regions (–35: TTgaca and –10: TAtAAT) closely resembled those of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with the highest degree of agreement at the –10 hexamer. The TG dinucleotide upstream of the –10 hexamer was conserved in 26% of Lactobacillus promoters studied, but conservation rates differed between species. The region upstream of the –35 hexamer of Lactobacillus promoters showed conservation with the bacterial UP element.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of contingencies and crisis management 3 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-5973
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: This article examines the increasing incidence of kidnapping in the Philippines between 1991 to 1993. The context of the kidnappings is analysed to demonstrate why they constituted a crisis. The incidence of the crime is investigated with particular reference to who was being kidnapped and to regional variations, theories and facts about the alleged perpetrators being delineated before outlining the various ways in which official agencies, non-governmental organizations and individuals have responded to the crisis. The article concludes with some observations on the possibilities and problems of managing successful responses to such crises.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 238 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Screening of a genomic library with an antiserum raised against whole Lactobacillus fermentum BR11 cells identified a clone expressing an immunoreactive 37-kDa protein. Analysis of the 3010-bp DNA insert contained within the clone revealed four open reading frames (ORFs). One ORF encodes LysA, a 303 amino acid protein which has up to 35% identity with putative endolysins from prophages Lj928 and Lj965 from Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lp1 and Lp2 from Lactobacillus plantarum as well as with the endolysin of Lactobacillus gasseri bacteriophage Φadh. The immunoreactive protein was shown to be encoded by a truncated ORF downstream of lysA which has similarity to glutamyl-tRNA synthetases. The N-terminus of LysA has sequence similarity with N-acetylmuramidase catalytic domains while the C-terminus has sequence similarity with putative cell envelope binding bacterial SH3b domains. C-terminal bacterial SH3b domains were identified in the majority of Lactobacillus bacteriophage endolysins. LysA was expressed in Escherichia coli and unusually was found to have a broad bacteriolytic activity range with activity against a number of different Lactobacillus species and against Lactococcus lactis, streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. It was found that LysA is 2 and 8000 times more active against L. fermentum than L. lactis and Streptococcus pyogenes, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 227 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: BspA is an abundant surface protein from Lactobacillus fermentum BR11, and is required for normal cystine uptake. In previous studies, a mutant strain deficient in BspA (L. fermentum PNG201) was found to be sensitive to oxidative stress. In this study, the biochemical basis for this was explored. It was found that under aerobic batch culture conditions in de Mann–Rogosa–Sharpe medium, both L. fermentum BR11 and PNG201 entered stationary phase due to hydrogen peroxide accumulation. However, this took place at a lower optical density for PNG201 than for BR11. Measurements of hydrogen peroxide levels revealed that the BspA mutant strain overproduces this compound. Addition of 6 mM cystine to aerobic cultures was found to prevent hydrogen peroxide production by both the BR11 and PNG201 strains, but lower cystine concentrations depressed hydrogen peroxide production in BR11 more efficiently than in PNG201. Each mole of cystine was able to prevent the production of several moles of hydrogen peroxide by L. fermentum BR11, suggesting that hydrogen peroxide breakdown is dependent upon a thiol that cycles between reduced and oxidized states. It was concluded that peroxide breakdown by L. fermentum BR11 is dependent upon exogenous cystine. It is most probable that the imported l-cystine is catabolized by a cystathionine lyase and then converted into a thiol reductant for a peroxidase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of popular culture 35 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-5931
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 12 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conduction and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine if anisotropic action potential conduction was altered during development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Methods and Results: Isolated guinea pig left ventricular preparations from hearts that had developed LVH were used to measure conduction velocity in longitudinal and transverse orientations to the fiber direction. A variable degree of LVH was induced by placing a ring around the ascending aorta for 50 to 250 days. Results were compared with an age-matched control group that underwent a similar operation but with no ring placement. LVH was measured as the heart-to-body-weight ratio (HBR), which correlated with an increase of mean myocyte cross-sectional area. Longitudinal conduction velocity (LCV) declined progressively as HBR increased (mean ± SD: sham vs LVH: HBR 3.74 ± 0.30 g/kg vs 4.53 ± 0.52 g/kg; LCV 72.8 ± 15.5 vs 63.6 ± 11.1 cm/sec). Mean transverse conduction velocity (TCV) was greater in LVH compared with control (20.5 ± 4.7 cm/sec vs 25.4 ± 8.1 cm/sec), but there was no significance in the trend as a function of HBR. The anisotropic ratio (LCV/TCV) significantly declined as HBR increased. The time constant of the foot of the action potential was smaller in the transverse compared with the longitudinal dimension. There was no influence of hypertrophy. Conclusion: The decrease of LCV and reduction of the anisotropic conduction ratio suggest remodeling of the tissue in LVH. The consequences for the generation of arrhythmias are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 21 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sorin recently identified mode reversion to backup mode (VOO). They estimate a prevalence of 1% and suggest electromagnetic interference (EMI) as the cause. We identified ten patients being followed in our pacing clinic, of whom four were found to have suffered mode reversion. We, therefore, conclude that the prevalence of this problem may be greater than predicted. None of the patients who were found to have mode reversion gave any history to suggest that they had been exposed to EMI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
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    Honolulu, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Pacific Affairs. 59:3 (1986:Fall) 476 
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  • 9
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    Unknown
    Honolulu, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Pacific Affairs. 57:3 (1984:Fall) 462 
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    Sydney, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Oceania. 61:4 (1991:June) 365 
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