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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Genetic variation for forage yield of orchardgrass is abundant, but there are few reports of progress from selection for increased forage yield. The objective of this study was to estimate direct effects of selection from one cycle of half-sib family selection for forage yield in orchardgrass. Eleven selected populations were compared with their parent populations within three maturity groups. Populations were evaluated under hay management at three locations and management-intensive rotational grazing at two locations. Nine of the 11 selected populations differed, by an average of 7.4%, from their parent population in forage yield. Nine of the selected populations also showed changes in Drechslera leafspot reaction, all indicating a negative genetic correlation with forage yield. Selection for high forage yield tended to result in greater ground cover and later relative maturity. However, changes in net herbage accumulation (NHA) under rotational grazing were generally not significant and were uncorrelated with changes in forage yield, indicating that forage yield of hay plots is not correlated with the NHA of grazed plots. Although genetic gains in forage yield measured under hay management were very favourable relative to other reports from the literature, the lack of correlated progress under grazing management indicates that directed selection for NHA of orchardgrass should be conducted under grazing management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 5 (1986), S. 85-89 
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have shown that N-[2,4-dimethyl-5[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amino]phenyl]acetamide (mefluidide) represses seedhead formation in gramineae. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of mefluidide on growth and reproduction of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv TAM 105). Mefluidide was applied to field grown wheat at 140 and 280 g/ha on March 4, 1985 and at 70, 140, and 280 g/ha on March 18, 1985. Mefluidide suppressed heading to a greater extent when applied 6 weeks after the onset of spring growth than when applied 2 weeks earlier. Leaf area index was reduced by the higher application rates at the second date of application but not the first. Total biomass was reduced to a greater extent at the second application date. Both seed weight and number of seeds per spike were reduced with the higher rates of mefluidide especially at the second application date.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Irrigation science 6 (1985), S. 107-116 
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Corn (Zea mays L.) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) production were compared under impact and spray nozzled center pivot sprinkler systems. The crops were grown under two pairs of sprinkler systems located approximately 110 km apart. One system of each pair was equipped with high pressure (379 or 414 kPa) impact sprinkler heads and the other system was equipped with low pressure (172 or 207 kPa) spray nozzles. Half of each circle was planted to corn and half was planted to sorghum. Additionally, four tillage treatments were included in the experimental design (conventional tillage, conventional tillage + deep ripping, conventional tillage + diking, and minimum tillage). The evaporative losses from the high pressure system with impact sprinkler heads were not significantly different from the low pressure system with spray nozzles. The minimum tillage and deep ripped treatments reduced runoff while diking eliminated it. The two nozzle types did not produce significantly different grain sorghum yields; however, corn yielded significantly more under the high pressure system with impact sprinkler heads than under the low pressure system with spray nozzles. The different tillage treatments did not influence yields of either crop significantly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Irrigation science 9 (1988), S. 57-67 
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A field study to determine the efficiency of preplant irrigating with furrow irrigation and the effects of tillage and fall or spring application of preplant irrigation on this efficiency was conducted during 1983, 1984, and 1985 at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, North Plains Research Field at Etter, Texas on a Sherm, silty clay loam soil. Sorghum residue from the previous crop was shredded, gravimetric soil samples were taken, and five tillage treatments were imposed in the fall. The tillage treatments consisted of various combinations of disking, chiselling, moldboard plowing, and disk bedding. A preplant irrigation was applied in the fall to half of each tillage plot and in the spring to the other half of each plot. Soil samples were taken from each plot one month after the spring preplant irrigation. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. cv. ‘NC 178’) was planted and irrigated similarly on all plots during the growing season. On the average, 237 mm of water were required to irrigate the tillage treatments during fall preplant irrigation and 466 mm were required during spring preplant irrigation. The additional water requirement in the spring was associated with increased water uptake by non-wheel-track furrows. Treatments with chiselling required larger water application during spring preplant irrigation. All treatments had similar soil water contents at planting time. Neither timing of preplant irrigation nor type of tillage had any effect on sorghum grain yield. Therefore, fall preplant irrigation was considerably more efficient than spring preplant irrigation. Averaged over the three years do study and five tillage treatments storage efficiency was 26% for fall application and 17% for springtime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Irrigation science 8 (1987), S. 23-33 
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Four cultivars of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L cv. Vangard, Cody, Zia, and Dawson) were grown under a gradient irrigation system on a Pullman clay loam soil (fine, mixed, thermic, Torrertic Paleustoll) at Bushland, Texas. Twelve harvests were taken during 1983, 1984 and 1985 over a wide range of irrigation levels. Alfalfa was harvested at 10% bloom and subsamples were oven dried and ashed. Irrigation water and rainfall were determined by catchment collections and soil moisture content was determined with a neutron soil moisture probe. Potential evaporation was determined by pan evaporation and by modified Penman, Priestley and Taylor, and Jensen and Haise prediction equations from climatic data. No varietal differences in the relationship of yield to water or water use efficiency occurred. Yield within each harvest correlated well with evapotranspiration (ET). The regression of yield with ET over all twelve harvests had a low coefficient of determination. Relative yield had a high correlation with relative ET when maximum ET was measured but the correlation was lower when maximum ET was calculated from a prediction equation or pan evaporation. The correlation increased when the maximum yield for each harvest was used rather than a constant value. Including a high temperature factor in the equation greatly improved the correlation between yield and ET but the correlation was not as high as when relative yield was correlated with relative measured ET. Water use efficiency was highest with the highest yields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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