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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Skin atrophy ; Prednicarbate cream ; ultrasound ; betamethasone-17-valerate-cream ; clobetasol-17-propionate cream ; adverse effects ; skin atrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The atrophogenic potential of medium-potent topical glucocorticoids is still controversial. In a double-blind controlled trial 24 healthy volunteers either applied 0.25% prednicarbate cream or the corresponding vehicle to one and 0.1% betamethasone-17-valerate cream or 0.05% clobetasol-17-propionate cream to the other forearm twice daily. Skin thickness was regularly assessed during the six week period of application and for further three weeks thereafter, using both the B- and A-mode of a 20 MHz ultrasound scanner. Both betamethasone-17-valerate and clobetasol-17-propionate cream significantly reduced skin thickness as compared to cream base while prednicarbate cream did not. Given that 0.1% betamethasone-17-valerate- and 0.25% prednicarbate cream are reported to be about equipotent in the treatment of atopic eczema the latter preparation shows an increased ratio between its desired anti-inflammatory and its unwanted atrophogenic effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 13 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two long-term trials were conducted each over eight weeks to compare the effect of the regular application of skin cleansing preparations of pH 5.5 and pH 8.5 and pH 5.5 and pH 7.0 respectively on the surface pH, roughness and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) of normal human forehead and forearm skin. Both trials were based on a cross-over design: five healthy volunteers started with a pH 5.5 preparation and switched to the other after four weeks, five additional volunteers used the preparations in the opposite order. While the skin surface pH was markedly lower in those individuals using the pH 5.5 preparation at each examination, as compared to those using the pH 8.5 or pH 7.0 preparation, no such difference could be established with respect to skin roughness and TEWL. Hence the skin irritancy of a cleansing preparation does not seem to be linked to its pH within the pH ranges tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 143 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Prevalence data for atopic eczema based on a dermatological examination have not so far been available for East and West Germany. Possible differences in the proportions of extrinsic and intrinsic types of eczema, and how far these could explain differences in the prevalence of eczema, need to be clarified. Objectives To compare the prevalence of atopic eczema in pre-school children between different locations in East and West Germany, and over a period of 7 years, at three time points. Additionally, to determine the proportions of intrinsic and extrinsic types of eczema by taking skin prick test reactivity into account. Methods Repeated cross-sectional studies in 1991, 1994 and 1997 in 5–6-year-old pre-school children at five different locations in West Germany (n = 2075) and six in East Germany (n = 1926) were carried out. Individuals with eczema were identified by an examination performed by physicians of the Department of Dermatology. In addition, a skin prick test and a standardized questionnaire were used. Results The overall prevalence of atopic eczema in these children was 10·4%. At all three times of investigation (1991, 17·5% vs. 11·2%; 1994, 12·6% vs. 8·7%; 1997, 11·2% vs. 4·5%) and in the total group (12·9% vs. 8·2%), the prevalence was significantly higher in East than in West Germany. After controlling for influences of sex, parental history of atopic diseases, observer and socio-economic status in multiple logistic regression analyses, these differences remained significant for 1991, 1994 and for the overall group (odds ratio, OR 1·78, 95% confidence interval, CI 1·43–2·21). Girls (OR 1·56, 95% CI 1·27–1·92) and children whose parents had a higher level of school education (OR 1·17, 95% CI 1·00–1·37) were affected more frequently. Of all children, 26·6%, and of those with eczema, 41·9% exhibited at least one reaction in the prick test (OR 2·21, 95% CI 1·75–2·80; sensitization in eczema vs. no eczema). Whereas 50·4% of the children with eczema in West Germany were sensitized, only 36·5% of the diseased children in East Germany reacted positively in the prick test (OR 1·77, 95% CI 1·12–2·79). Conclusions These results are in accordance with findings regarding allergic sensitization and hay fever and might indicate that factors other than allergy are responsible for the higher prevalence of atopic eczema in East Germany.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 135 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a subgroup of patients with atopic eczema (AE), eczematous skin lesions can he induced by epicutaneous testing with aeroallergens (the atopy patch test: APT). An increased frequency of positive APT has been found in AK patients showing a predictive lesional pattern affecting air-exposed skin areas. This study investigates the dose-response ofthe APT in two dilTerent patient groups with AE. Petrolatum preparations of house dust mite, cat dander and grass pollen allergens in four concentrations (500–10,000) protein nitrogen imits) were tested epicutaneously in 57 patients with AE. who were prospectively divided in two groups according to whether their AE pattern was with (group I) or without (group II) a predictive distribution. Sixty-nine per cent of patients in group I. and 39% in group II. had positive APT reactions (P = 0.02). The reactions in group I were elicitable with lower allergen concentrations (P = 0.03). A clinically recognizable subgroup of patients with AE showed increased cutaneous sensitivity to aeroallergens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 145 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Acne is a common skin disorder, but epidemiological data from the general population obtained by examination are scarce. Clinical experience suggests an association between smoking and acne, although confirmatory evidence from appropriate studies is lacking.Objectives To determine the prevalence and demographic factors of acne in a general population sample and to investigate the association of smoking and acne on a qualitative and quantitative level.Methods In a cross-sectional study, 896 citizens (aged 1–87 years, median 42) of the City of Hamburg were dermatologically examined. The prevalence and severity of acne were recorded and further information on demographic variables, medical history, and alcohol and cigarette consumption were obtained by a standardized interview.Results According to the clinical examination, acne was present in 26·8% overall, and was more prevalent in men (29·9%) than women (23·7%) (odds ratio, OR 1·37, 95% confidence interval, CI 1·01–1·87). Prevalence followed a significant linear trend over age with peak prevalence between 14 and 29 years (P 〈 0·001). The reported age at onset was significantly lower in women than men (P = 0·015). According to multiple logistic regression analyses acne prevalence was significantly higher in active smokers (40·8%, OR 2·04, 95% CI 1·40–2·99) as compared with non-smokers (25·2%). A significant linear relationship between acne prevalence and number of cigarettes smoked daily was obtained (trend test: P 〈 0·0001). In addition, a significant dose-dependent relationship between acne severity and daily cigarette consumption was shown by linear regression analysis (P = 0·001).Conclusions Smoking is a clinically important contributory factor to acne prevalence and severity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 51 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Within an environmental health study, dermatologic examination of 1273 pre-school-age children (5–7 years old) was carried out in selected areas of East (n= 287) and West (n= 987) Germany in spring 1991. On the basis of comparable genetic background, the influence of a different exposure to air pollutants on the manifestation of atopic diseases was investigated. Halle an der Saale (East Germany) and Duisburg (North/South) as well as Essen (West Germany) were chosen as polluted study areas, whereas the countryside town of Borken (West Germany) served as a control region. Outdoor pollution with particles and SO2 was significantly higher in Halle an der Saale. Of the total study group. 12.9% suffered from atopic eczema at the time of examination. The prevalence was highest in East Germany (17.5%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.39, confidence intervals [CI] 0.77–2.52, compared to Borken). The reported frequencies of hay fever and asthma in the total study population were 2% and 1.3%, respectively, without significant differences between study sites. Some 34.7% of the children showed at least one positive skin prick test reaction; significantly (P〈 0.001) higher sensitization rates were obtained in western regions (Essen, Duisburg-South) than in the control region (Borken) and East Germany. Multivariate analysis of the prevalence of atopic eczema showed associations with parental predisposition (OR 1.52, CI 1.03–2.25), sex (for boys, OR 0.63, CI 0.43–0.92), location (Duisburg-South vs Borken OR 0.52, CI 0.30–0.96). month of investigation (May vs April, and March vs February OR 0.55, CI 0.37–0.81), contact with rabbits (for girls, OR 2.90, CI 1.36–6.19), animal fur in bedrooms (2.17, 1.01–4.67), indoor use of gas without hood (1.68, 1.11–2.56), and distance of homes from a busy road (〈50 m 1.71, 1.07–2.73). Nonsignificant associations were observed for history of helminthic infections (OR 1.61, CI 0.98–2.64) and high parental education level (OR 1.83, CI 0.83–4.02). In East and West Germany, atopic eczema seems to follow a course different from that of respiratory allergic diseases and specific sensitization, a fact which underlines the need for a differentiated analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sera of 11 patients were used to characterize allergens in kiwi fruit, latex, avocado, and banana by SDS-PAGE/immunoblotting and to determine cross-reactions between these allergen extracts in EAST inhibition and immunoblot inhibition. By SDS-PAGE/immunoblotting. allergens with apparent molecular weights of 21, 38. 40. and 42 kDa were visualized in latex extract. In avocado extract. IgE-binding components of 27, 43, 52, 58, 65, 75, and 88 kDa were to be seen, whereas, in banana extract, a 40-kDa protein showed strong IgE binding. Furthermore, allergens of 52,58,88, and 94 kDa were detected in the extract of banana. Cross-reactions between these allergen extracts were determined by EAST inhibition. Immunoblot inhibition demonstrated that almost all IgE-reactive bands in nitrocellulose-blotted latex, avocado, and banana extracts and two components of 43 and 67 kDa in kiwi fruit shared common IgE epitopes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 48 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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