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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HISTOCOMPATIBILITY OF CHICKENS HOMOZYGOUS AT THE B-LOCUS ERYTHROCYTE ANTIGEN. I. EFFECT OF B-LOCUS MATCHING ON SKIN GRAFT SURVIVAL (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 2 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The development of four lines of white leghorn birds homozygous at the blood group B-locus is described. Blood grouping of these birds shows that genes for the A-locus are still segregating. The survival time of skin grafts exchanged between birds of the same line (B-locus identical) and of a different line (B-locus non-identical) was measured. The mean survival time of skin grafts exchanged between birds of the same line was 11.9 ± 2.6 days whilst that of skin grafts exchanged between birds of a different line was 7.5 ± 1.3 days. The relationship of the B-locus to the major histocompatibility complex is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1975.tb00520.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective defoliation by sheep according to slope and plant species in the hill country of New Zealand (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The objective of the study was to evaluate the grazing behaviour by sheep in hill country paddocks in New Zealand which had received two long-term fertilization and stocking rate treatments [high fertility–high stocking rate (HH); low fertility–low stocking rate (LL)]. Herbage accumulation and selective grazing were evaluated within low slope (LS), medium slope (MS) and high slope (HS) categories. Transects lines were placed and tillers of Agrostis capillaris and Lolium perenne in the LS category; A. capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum and L. perenne in the MS category; and A. capillaris and A. odoratum in the HS category were marked. The leaf length of each marked tiller was measured and used to determine selective grazing over 3 weeks during each season. The highest herbage accumulation rates were during spring and the lowest in summer and winter. The LS category showed the highest herbage accumulation rates and HS the lowest. Except for autumn, the marked tillers were more frequently grazed in the HH than in the LL paddock. During summer, autumn and spring, grazing frequency in the slope categories was in the order LS 〉 MS 〉 HS. During winter sheep did not discriminate between slope category. During summer, autumn and spring, sheep did not selectively graze the species studied but this was not the case during winter. Overall, sheep selectively grazed L. perenne. In all the seasons L. perenne consistently had the longest leaves but within species there was no consistent relationship between leaf length and probability of being grazed. Selective grazing changed through the year according to herbage accumulation rate. Sheep concentrated grazing in the category LS when herbage accumulation rate was high, but they did not discriminate between slope categories in winter when herbage accumulation rate was low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2003.00386.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in plant population density, composition and sward structure of a hill pasture during a pastoral fallow (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 52 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Appropriate pre-sowing methods for the introduction of improved forage legume and grass germplasm are an important issue for hill pasture improvement in New Zealand. A pastoral fallow, which involves not defoliating pasture for a period generally from late spring/early summer to autumn, could create a potentially favourable environment for introducing improved germplasm. A field study was conducted on two aspects (shady and sunny) of moist, low-fertility hill country with or without added fertilizer (phosphorus and sulphur) in the southern North Island of New Zealand, to investigate the changes in plant population density and sward structure during a full or partial pastoral fallow, compared with a rotationally grazed pasture. A 7-month (October to May) pastoral fallow dramatically decreased the densities of grass tillers by 72% (P 〈 0·01), white clover (Trifolium repens L.) growing points by 87% (P 〈 0·01) and other species by 87% (P 〈 0·05). The decline in tiller density by pastoral fallow was enhanced on the shady aspect. Fertilizer application increased white clover growing-point density on the shady aspect (P 〈 0·05) and grass tiller density on the sunny aspect (P 〈 0·05). Decreased plant density during pastoral fallowing was attributed to aboveground biomass accumulation, which altered sward structure, leading to interplant competition and mortality by self-thinning and completion of the life cycle of some matured plants. The plant size-density relationship during pastoral fallowing in this mixed-species sward followed the serf-thinning rule, particularly when the calculation was based on all plant species rather than grass alone. There was no significant (P 〉 0·05) difference in final plant population density between the 7-month pastoral fallow and a shorter term (October to December) pastoral fallow. It is concluded that pastoral fallowing effectively reduced the plant population density and altered sward structure of a hill pasture. Such changes create a more favourable environment for the introduction of improved forage species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1997.tb02349.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systems thinking and practices in the education of agriculturalists
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Agricultural Systems 13 (1984), S. 205-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-521X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521X(84)90074-X
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidative changes to nitrate and boron in marine pore waters (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 287 (1980), S. 38-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Air-squeezed (-----) and nitrogen-squeezed (-Water depth : 3,095 m.-) profiles of interstitial ratios of boron to chlorinity and interstitial concentrations of nitrate + nitrite in sediments from the delta of the Magdalena River. The arrows indicate values of near-bottom seawater above each ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/287038a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Global magnetic activity in 22-year solar cycles (1994)
    Springer
    Solar physics 150 (1994), S. 359-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Properties of even and odd 11-year solar cycles as part of the 22-year magnetic cycle have been studied on the basis of the data on the zonal structure of the large-scale magnetic field, of polar faculae activity cycles, duration of 11-year cycles, high-latitude prominence areas, inclinations of the coronal streamers, velocity of magnetic neutral line migration, and peculiarities of the polar magnetic field reversal. It is shown that the properties of the odd cycle depend on those of the preceding even cycle. The 22-year magnetic cycle, consisting of an even and odd cycle, is a unified dynamic process. The new data obtained show that the poloidal magnetic fieldB(p) of ‘+’ and ‘−’ polarity for the new 22-year magnetic cycle is formed simultaneously, possibly in deep layers of the Sun in the form of a certain magnetic configuration, containing alternating ‘+’ and ‘−’ polarities of the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00712897
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LONG-TERM VARIATIONS OF THE TORSIONAL OSCILLATIONS OF THE SUN (1997)
    Springer
    Solar physics 170 (1997), S. 373-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigated long-term variations of the differential rotation of the solar large-scale magnetic field on 1024 Hα charts in the latitude zones from +45° to -45° in the period 1915–1990. We used the expansion in terms of Walsh functions. It turns out that the rotation of the Sun becomes more rigid than average during the cycle maximum and the rotation is more differential during minimum. From 1915 to 1990, 7 bands of faster- and 7 bands of slower-than-average rotation are revealed showing an 11-year period. These bands drift towards the equator: 45° in 2.5 to 8 years. The time span of the bands varies from 4 to 6.8 years and is in anti-phase with long-term solar activity. The latitude span of the bands of torsional oscillations varies from 0.5 R ⊙ to 1.3 R ⊙ and shows a long-term variation of about 55 years. The poloidal component of velocity, V θ varies from 2 ms -1 to 6 ms -1. The maximum rate of the equatorial drift occurs in the period between 1935 and 1955 and it develops prior to the highest maximum activity. At the modern epoch from 1965 to 1985, V θ does not exceed 3 ms -1, but now it has a tendency to increase. The bands of slower-than-average rotation correspond to the evolution of the magnetic activity towards the equator in the butterfly diagram.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004995826593
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Latitude-time distribution of 3 types of magnetic field activity in the global solar cycle (1992)
    Springer
    Solar physics 141 (1992), S. 381-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Large-scale solar activity is considered as a manifestation of 3 types of magnetic field activity which is demonstrated in the 22-year cycle (a) of small-scale flux emergence (polar faculae at latitudes 〉 40°), (b) of somewhat larger scale flux emergence (sunspots at latitudes 〈 40°), and (c) of the global magnetic neutral lines at all latitudes. The migration (poleward or equatorward) of the place of birth and/or of the phenomena themselves of these three types of manifestation of magnetic field is discussed. The poleward migration of the global field is explained in a phenomenological way.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00155187
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the 22-year oscillations (1996)
    Springer
    Solar physics 163 (1996), S. 249-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Observational data of the solar diameter in Italy during 1876–1937 and in Greenwich during 1851–1937 were analyzed. The Whittaker operator with different smoothing coefficients was used. The average data sets for the analysis of the possible oscillations of the solar diameter during 1876–1937 were obtained. Average values of the solar radius R(t) and absolute values of its time derivative ¦dR(t)/dt¦ were compared with the Wolf number, W(t), and with the integral A(t) = ∫ 0 t W(t)dt + constant. A good correlation r(R′, W) = 〈¦dR(t)/dt¦, W(t)〉 and r(R, A) = 〈R(t), A(t)〉 was found. It was shown that the frequency spectra of R(t) and A(t) are similar. It was found that during odd 11-yr cycles, the solar diameter decreases, whereas during even cycles it increases. A hysteresis-like behavior in the variation of R(t) during the 22-yr solar magnetic cycle was demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00147999
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of pastoral fallow on plant root growth and soil physical and chemical characteristics in a hill pasture (1997)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 197 (1997), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: air permeability ; hydraulic conductivity ; pastoral fallow ; root biomass ; soil moisture ; soil nutrient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pastoral fallowing over a growing season (October–May) has a profound effect on standing biomass and sward structure, and should have an impact on below ground plant growth and soil biological activities. Two field studies were conducted to compare the effects of pastoral fallow with rotational grazing on root growth and soil physical and chemical properties. Root growth and distribution was altered by pastoral fallowing and there was significantly (P 〈 0.01) less root biomass at 0–50 mm depth of soil in the fallowed sward than the grazed sward. Compared with the grazed treatment, pastoral fallow increased soil air permeability at 500 mm tension by 38%, saturated hydraulic conductivity by 26%, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at 20 mm tension by 67% and soil moisture by 10–15%, and reduced soil bulk density by 11%. Fallowing had little effect on soil nutrients both at the end of fallowing, except for small reductions in K and Mineral N levels at 0–75 mm soil depth, and two to three years after fallowing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004249613045
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