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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Longus colli has a postural function on cervical curvature (1994)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 16 (1994), S. 367-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Neck muscles ; Longus colli ; Cervical spine ; Lordosis ; Posture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le rôle postural du muscle longus colli (LC) et des muscles de la nuque fut précisé par l'étude de la relation entre d'une part la surface de section de ces muscles, témoin indirect de leur force de contraction, et d'autre part la longueur et la lordose de la colonne cervicale. 36 sujets sains participèrent à cette étude. La mesure des surfaces de section musculaires fut tomodensitométrique alors que celle de l'indice de lordose et de la longueur cervicale fut faite sur une radiographie cervicale de profil. La surface de section du LC était inversement corrélée à l'indice de lordose (r=−0,432). Aucune autre corrélation ne fut trouvée entre les autres paramètres étudiés. Les auteurs concluent que la contraction du LC maintient la lordose cervicale que le poids de la tête et la contraction des muscles de la nuque tendent à accroître. Les fonctions posturales du LC et des muscles de la nuque sont complémentaires. Ensemble, ils forment un manchon qui enserre et stabilise la colonne cervicale dans toutes les positions de la tête.
    Notes: Summary To determine the postural role of longus colli (LC) and dorsal neck muscles, we have studied the relationship between their cross-sectional areas related to their force of contraction and the lordosis and the length of the cervical spine. This study was carried out in 36 healthy subjects. Muscle cross-sectional areas were measured by computerized tomography. The index of lordosis and the length of the cervical spine were measured on an X-ray profile. The cross-sectional area of LC was correlated to the lordosis index (R=−0.432, p〈0.02) whereas all the other parameters were not correlated. The authors conclude that LC counteracts the lordosis increment related to the weight of the head and to the contraction of the dorsal neck muscles. Postural functions of LC and postcervical muscles are complementary. They form a sleeve which encloses and stabilizes the cervical spine in all positions of the head.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01627655
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain and spinal cord MR imaging in a case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (1997)
    Springer
    European radiology 7 (1997), S. 415-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ; Brain ; Demyelination ; Central nervous system ; MRI ; Gadolinium enhancement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We describe a case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following varicella infection presenting as transverse myelitis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse cord swelling and signal increase without gadolinium enhancement and several silent brain lesions, all of which completely resolved at follow-up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050178
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface electrodes are not appropriate to record selective myoelectric activity of splenius capitis muscle in humans (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 105 (1990), S. 432-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neck muscles ; Splenius capitis ; Head movement ; Electromyography ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Splenius capitis (SPL) electromyograms were recorded using conventional surface and intramuscular wire electrodes simultaneously during various head-neck movements and isometric tasks to test the selectivity of surface electrodes for SPL myoelectric signals. The insertion of bipolar wire electrodes was aided by a computerized tomographical study of each subject's neck. Surface electrodes were placed over the superficial SPL area. Head motion was recorded with an electromechanical device. The selective SPL wire recordings confirmed that SPL has two main functions: ipsilateral rotation and extension. It also plays a subordinate role in ipsilateral tilting of the head. Intramuscular and surface recording results were contradictory mainly for flexion and contralateral rotation. These discrepancies appeared to be due to ‘cross-talk’ from adjacent muscles, particularly from the sternocleidomastoid muscle. We conclude the validity of electrode recordings is questionable for SPL and most dorsal neck muscles, especially during isometric tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233043
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective electromyography of dorsal neck muscles in humans (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 113 (1997), S. 353-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Electromyography ; Kinesiology ; Neck muscles ; Head movement ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The patterns of activation of splenius capitis, semispinalis capitis, transversospinalis, and levator scapulae muscles were studied during various head-neck positions, movements, and isometric tests in 19 healthy human subjects. Myoelectric activities were recorded with intramuscular bipolar wire electrodes. Cervical computerized tomography of each subject was performed before the electromyography session in order to guide electrode insertion. Head motion was recorded using an electromechanical device. This report demonstrates that head motion results from a complex interaction of active muscular forces, passive ligamentous forces, and gravity. Splenius capitis has two main functions, i.e., cervical extension and ipsilateral rotation. Semi spinalis capitis and the transversospinalis are mainly extensors, and levator scapilae acts primarily on the shoulder girdle. Splenius capitis, semispinalis capitis, and transversospinalis play a subordinate part in ipsilateral tilting. In addition, most subjects' semispinalis capitis were gradually recruited during ipsilateral rotation. No signal was detected from the transversospinalis during rotation tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02450333
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Method of quantitative anatomical study of the dorsal neck muscles (1990)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 12 (1990), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Anatomy ; Biomechanics ; Cervical spine ; Neck muscles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Pour élaborer un modèle biomécanique de la colonne cervicale, il faut connaître la position, la taille et l'orientation des différents muscles du cou. Nous avons mis au point une méthode de mesure stéréométrique sur des sujets anatomiques. L'appareil est composé de 3 axes métalliques gradués qui coulissent sur un support fixe. Cette technique permet une étude anatomique précise de chacun des muscles de la nuque, fournissant des données quantitatives sur les différents faisceaux ou lignes d'action. Les résultats sont obtenus sur un sujet. Leur traitement informatique permettra l'élaboration d'un modèle mathématique tridimensionnel des muscles du cou chez l'homme.
    Notes: Summary Biomechanical models of the cervical spine require knowledge of the position, size and orientation of the individual muscles that act on the cervical spine. We have developed a technique to stereometrically measure anatomical specimens. The apparatus is composed of three graduated metallic rods, which slide along a fixed support. This method is accurate to map the anatomy of individual muscles and provides quantitative data on their lines of action. Results are obtained from one specimen. The computer processing of the collected data allows formulation of a three-dimensional model of the neck muscles in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01624520
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear effects in high-mass dimuon production
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics B (Proceedings Supplements) 7 (1989), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0920-5632
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(89)90595-1
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on structural properties of amorphous nitrogenated carbon films from electron energy loss, ellipsometry, Auger electron spectroscopy, and electron-spin resonance (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 2162-2169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the variation of the structure and the electronic properties of amorphous nitrogenated carbon films (a-CH:Nx) prepared in dual electron cyclotron resonance-radio-frequency plasma from different mixtures of methane and nitrogen. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and electron-spin-resonance spectroscopy are used to characterize the films. Unlike previous reports, addition of a low percentage (2.3%) of nitrogen in the films induces a strong change in their structure. The variation of electronic properties is rather small for a high concentration of nitrogen. From these experimental studies it seems that the efficiency of nitrogen doping depends on the nitrogen concentration. Modification of structure of the carbon network by nondoping and doping configurations of carbon nitrogen bonds is also emphasized. Our analyses establish an inter-relationship between the structure and electronic properties of nitrogenated carbon films, which helps to understand the structural change occurring in the carbon films with the incorporation of a low amount of nitrogen. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369521
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of nitrogenated carbon films prepared from acetylene and nitrogen mixture in electron cyclotron resonance plasma (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 7524-7532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amorphous nitrogenated carbon (a-CNx) films have been prepared from a mixture of acetylene and nitrogen gas in an electron cyclotron resonance plasma and characterized by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. From EELS and SE, a significant change in the π plasmon peak position and a reduction of its area is observed in the carbon films after nitrogen introduction, which suggest that there is no further development of graphitic structure. The features of D and G peaks observed from Raman as well as FTIR spectra support a decrease in the amount of sp2 bonded carbon in the a-CNx films. Valence band spectra using He I and He II excitations show that the p-π band becomes less intense upon nitrogen addition. A comparative study between the characteristics of these films and the films deposited from a methane-nitrogen mixture using an identical procedure is also presented. It is found that the structural changes in these films upon nitrogen incorporation are different, indicating a definite role of the precursors on the film structure. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373018
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Results from a test of a PbCu liquid argon calorimeter
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: 265 (1988), S. 419-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-9002
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168-9002(98)90008-0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The H 1 liquid argon calorimeter system
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: 336 (1993), S. 460-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-9002
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-9002(93)91257-N
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