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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular topography of immunoreactive gastrin demonstrated using electron immunocytochemistry (1983)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 713-717 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gastrin (G)-producing cells from the mammalian gastric antrum have been investigated using computer-assisted morphometry and a novel double colloidal gold-labeled-immunoglobulin electron immunocytochemical procedure. Correlation analysis of human antral G-cells indicates (p〈0.001) that a single population of granules exists with small (160 nm) electron-dense and large (240 nm) electron-lucent forms representing the extremes. Non-crossreacting region-specific antisera have been used to visualize G-17 and G-34 (progastrin) to the small electron-dense granules and G-17 to the other intermediate forms. From the results we propose a topographic segregation of immunoreactive gastrins within 2 apparently distinct granule subclasses and suggest that this may represent the pathway of granule maturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01990288
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the eye and urinary bladder of diabetic and prediabetic Chinese hamsters (1985)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 28 (1985), S. 302-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: VIP ; radioimmunoassay ; immunocytochemistry ; eyes ; urinary bladder ; prediabetes ; diabetic Chinese hamsters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The eyes and urinary bladder of non-diabetic, prediabetic and diabetic Chinese hamsters were evaluated by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry to determine the content and distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The average concentration of VIP was increased in the eyes of all diabetic (pmol/g = 68%, pmol/organ = 50%) and prediabetic (pmol/g = 152%, pmol/organ = 115%) hamsters compared with age-matched non-diabetic animals. Immunocytochemistry showed that the elevation of VIP was primarily related to greater intensity of fluorescence of the nerve fibres in the vasculature of the choroid. The average content of VIP in the urinary bladder was greater in diabetic animals only on the basis of pmol/organ (135%) and in prediabetics on the basis of pmol/g (87%) compared with non-diabetic animals. Qualitative immunocytochemistry suggested that the elevated level of VIP was related to a larger distribution of nerve fibres in the urinary bladder of diabetic hamsters. The high level of VIP in the eyes and urinary bladder of diabetic and prediabetic hamsters is an interesting observation which should receive further study to determine whether it is an aetiological agent underlying the pathogenesis of ophthalmic complications and neurogenic bladder or the result of some pathological process which affects these organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271690
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visualisation of messenger RNA directing peptide synthesis by in situ hybridisation using a novel single-stranded cDNA probe potential for the investigation of gene expression and endocrine cell activity (1984)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 81 (1984), S. 597-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neuropeptide tyrosine precursor (pre-pro-NPY) messenger RNA (mRNA) has been localised in formaldchyde-fixed human phaeochromocytoma tissue using a sensitive in situ hybridisation procedure and a novel single-stranded cDNA probe. The reaction product was revealed by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex and streptavidin-gold complex with silver enhancement. This technique may be applied for the determination of biosynthetic activity of endocrine and neuronal cell bodies. This is largely due to its rapidity by comparison with conventional autoradiographic procedures, to the permanence of the reaction product and to the sensitivity of the visualisation steps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00489541
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peptide YY (PYY) immunoreactivity is co-stored with glucagon-related immunoreactants in endocrine cells of the gut and pancreas (1984)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 80 (1984), S. 487-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study we report the localisation of PYY immunoreactivity in intestinal mucosa endocrine (EG) cells containing glucagon-related peptides and also in foetal pancreatic A cells of rat and man. Radioimmunoassay of human foetal pancreatic extracts revealed the presence of PYY immunoreactivity, the concentration of which declined with age (from 65.42 pmol/g at week 20 to 17.0 pmol at week 40; correlation coefficient=−0.893), in contrast to the amount of glucagon which remained statistically constant throughout the same foctal period. The identity of this PYY immunoreactive material with the original 36 amino acid porcine peptide has been shown by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00495439
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural evidence for the coexistence of calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P in secretory vesicles of peripheral nerves in the guinea pig (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 15 (1986), S. 535-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using double immunogold staining procedures, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like and substance P (SP)-like immunoreactivities were localized at the ultrastructural level to guinea pig trigeminal ganglia, dorsal root ganglia and peripheral nerve fibres associated with the vascular system. CGRP-like and SP-like immunoreactivities were found consistently in large granular secretory vesicles (70–100 nm in diameter), and both peptide immunoreactivities were co-localized to the same vesicle in both sensory ganglion cells and within axons and their terminals in the adventitia and adventitial-medial border of the superior mesenteric artery. These results suggest that CGRP and SP are co-stored and may be released together from peripheral axons in the guinea pig.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611735
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A histochemical study ofHaplosporidium malacobdellae, a balanosporidan endoparasite of the hoplonemerteanAmphiporus lactifloreus (1981)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 65 (1981), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of 21 enzymes, including ten dehydrogenases, has been investigated in various life cycle stages ofHaplosporidium malacobdellae using specific histochemical techniques. Leucine naphthylamidase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulphatase, and lipase are absent fromH. malacobdellae tissue. The distribution of various metabolites is also recorded. Acid phosphatase, an enzyme involved in transmembranal phosphorylated transfer mechanisms, is present in high concentration in amoebulae, and juvenile plasmodial stages, which have been found in and around the host's blood vessels. The cytoplasmic concentration of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive material increases as schizogony progresses. α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity decreases during the growth and multiplicative phases of parasite development, suggesting the presence of a glycolytic pathway in the later life cycle stages ofH. malacobdellae. During late schizogony/early sporogony stages the PAS-positive response diminishes and the activity of beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and beta-glucosaminidase increases, possibly providing short-chain carbohydrate moieties which function as intermediary metabolites in the generation of chemical energy. Some enzymes normally associated with the glycolysis pathway and with the tricarboxylic acid cycle have been localized in the parasite tissues. Catechol oxidase and peroxidase, which are known to be involved in the quinone tanning process of eggshell formation, have been visualized inH. malacobdellae tissue. The mature spore wall is suggested to be a quinone-tanned protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00929180
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catechol oxidase activity associated with sporogenesis inHaplosporidium malacobdellae, a balanosporidan endoparasite of the hoplonemerteanAmphiporus lactifloreus (1981)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 65 (1981), S. 153-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Catechol oxidase (E.C. 1.10.3.1. 1,2′-benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase) and an enzyme exhibiting true peroxidatic activity have been demonstrated in tissues undergoing sporogenesis ofHaplosporidium malacobdellae, an Ascetosporan parasite of the marine nemerteanAmphiporus lactifloreus. Both enzymes have been investigated using standard histochemical techniques, employing a wide range of different substrates and metabolic effectors. The catechol oxidase appears to be copper-containing and relatively heatstable, acting upon a wide range of 1,2′- and 1,3′-benzenediol-containing substrates. The enzyme is completely inhibited by 10 mM sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and incompletely by 1,10′-phenanthroline (2 mg/ml) and 50 mM sodium azide. Low concentrations (10 mM) of copper (II) ions activate the catechol oxidase activity, higher concentrations (100 mM) reduce the enzyme activity considerably. The peroxidase is a heat-labile enzyme, sensitive to sulphydryl binding agents and unaffected by high (100 mM) diethyldithiocarbamate concentrations. A possible function for the enzymes in the quinone tanning process of spore wall formation is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00929181
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatostatin-containing D cells exhibit immunoreactivity for rat somatostatin cryptic peptide in six mammalian species (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Electron immunocytochemistry ; Gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine system ; Gut ; Pancreas ; Prosomatostatin ; Rat somatostatin cryptic peptide (RSCP) ; Rat somatostatin-28
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antisera raised against rat somatostatin cryptic peptide (RSCP; corresponding to amino acids 63–77 of rat pro-somatostatin), somatostatin-28-(1–12) and somatostatin-28-(17–28) were used to compare the morphological distribution of these pro-somatostatin-derived sequences within the gastroenteropancreatic system of six mammalian species, including man. Using the immunogold staining procedure, RSCP, SS28-(1–12) and SS28-(17–28) immunoreactivity was found to be present in all the D cells of the tissues investigated. Extra-islet RSCP and SS28-(1–12) immunoreactive cells were also identified in some species. RSCP, SS28-(1–12) and SS28-(17–28) immunoreactivities were also present in a single case of human duodenal somatostatinoma. Immunostaining of serial ultrathin sections from all specimens in this study revealed that RSCP and both somatostatin immunoreactivities were co-localised in a majority of the reactive cells. Corroborative evidence was obtained by double immunogold staining which further showed that RSCP, SS28-(1–12) and SS28-(17–28) immunoreactivities were co-localised to individual secretory granules in D type cells, both normal and tumour. RSCP and SS28-(17–28) immunoreactivities were invariably co-localised, whereas SS28-(1–12) immunoreactivity was restricted to a sub-population of secretory granules. Our findings suggest that RSCP immunoreactivity is conserved in a number of mammalian species and is stored in each secretory granule type. Consequently, detection of the RSCP sequence may serve as a useful marker for somatostatin-producing systems throughout the diffuse neuroendocrine system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219018
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive nerve fibres in the small intestine of the guinea-pig: electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 353-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ; Autonomic innervation ; Small intestine ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing nerve fibres were identified by pre-and post-embedding electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry in the guinea-pig small intestine. Immunoreactive nerve processes were numerous in the mucosa and submucosa, especially in the connective tissue among the crypts of Lieberkühn. In some cases they were found in close apposition to epithelial cells. Many of the labelled nerve fibres were observed around blood vessels, especially arterioles. In the inner circular muscle layer, the immunoreactive nerve processes were found in close association (sometimes less than 40 nm) to smooth muscle cells. CGRP-positive terminals contained a predominance of electron-lucent synaptic vesicles (35–40 nm in diameter) together with a few large granular vesicles (80–120 nm in diameter). Post-embedding immunostaining, using the immunogold procedure, localized CGRP-immunoreactivity in large granular vesicles, 80–92 nm in diameter. These ultrastructural observations confirm that CGRP-containing nerve fibres exist in the small intestine and suggest that they may participate in the regulation of the smooth muscle activity, mucosal cell secretion and blood flow and, by analogy with other systems, a sensory role also seems likely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213942
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