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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Key words Bladder ; Growth factors ; Ureter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Systemic treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces growth of all wall layers of the urinary tract in pigs and rats. We have previously described that the EGF stimulated urothelium in Goettingen minipigs accumulates glycoproteins. The aim of the present study was to examine and partly characterize glycoproteins in the urothelium and in the urine from rats treated with EGF. Seventy-two female Wistar rats were allocated into five groups receiving EGF treatment (150 μg/kg per day) for 0 (controls), 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks before being killed. Glycoconjugates were characterized by means of lectins on tissue sections, and using Western blotting, in bladder extracts and in urine. The characterization mostly focused on the expression of the mucin-type core structures T and Tn using the lectins peanut agglutinin (PNA) and Vicia villosa (VVA) and specific monoclonal antibodies. The thickened EGF-stimulated urothelium retained the normal differentiation pattern as judged from the appearance on electron microscopy and from the expression of carbohydrate structures. Within the urothelium and in the urine there was increased expression of mucin-type glycoproteins suggesting increased urothelial production and excretion of mucin-type glycoproteins. In conclusion, the EGF stimulated hyperplastic urothelium most probably excretes increased amounts of mucin-type glycoproteins to the urine but it retains the normal pattern of differentiation as assessed by lectin characterization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Key words Bladder ; Growth factors ; Stereology ; Ureter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Systemic treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces growth of all wall layers of the urinary tract in pigs and rats. In this study, we describe the time-dependent growth of the ureter and bladder. Forty-eight female Wistar rats were allocated into five groups receiving EGF treatment (150 μg/kg per day) for 0 (controls), 1, 2, 3 or 4 weeks before being killed. The 24-h urine excretion was increased only in the group treated for 4 weeks with EGF. Measured by a simple infusion device, EGF significantly increased the bladder capacity by more than 50% in all the EGF-treated groups. The volumes of the wall layers of the ureter and bladder were quantified using stereology. After 4 weeks of treatment with EGF, the total volumes of the ureter and bladder were 1.8- and 2.1-fold larger than in the control group (the urothelium was 2.8- and 3.5-fold larger and the muscular coat 1.6- and 1.6-fold larger in the ureter and bladder, respectively). In conclusion, the EGF-induced growth of the urinary tract is characterized by increased bladder capacity, and increased volume of all wall layers – most prominently the urothelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Key words Castration ; Epidermal growth factor ; Insulin-like growth factor I ; Prostate ; Testosterone ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are strong inducers of proliferation to prostate cells cultured in serum-free medium. Accordingly we wanted to study the growth of the prostate gland in castrated rats after treatment with EGF, IGF-I and testosterone. Castrated Wistar rats were treated with growth factors (EGF 35 μg/rat per day; IGF-I 350 μg/rat per day) or testosterone (2 mg/rat per day) for 3 days either immediately after or 10 days after castration. Prostate tissue was examined by stereological and immunohistochemical techniques and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Treatment with EGF inhibited the involution of the prostate (P 〈 0.05), whereas treatment with IGF-I did not affect the prostate involution as compared to castrated controls. EGF treatment significantly increased the endogenous rat EGF in the ventral prostate, but cellular proliferation was not affected. Testosterone treatment increased the weight of the prostate, by increase of all tissue components of the prostate, and significantly increased cellular proliferation. Systemic administration of EGF but not IGF-I decreased the involution of the rat prostate induced by castration. Compared with testosterone, the effects of EGF treatment on the prostate involution were moderate, and the effects of EGF were not related to cellular proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: epidermal growth factor ; sclerotherapy ; esophageal ulcers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Human epidermal growth factor (EGF), a small polypeptide (6 kDa) with mitogenic properties, has been implicated in the protection of gastrointestinal mucosal integrity. The efficacy of EGF in the prevention and healing of sclerotherapy-induced esophageal lesions was investigated in 24 minipigs with surgically induced portal hypertension. In addition, the effect of EGF on intragastric acidity and pharmacokinetics was investigated as possible means to explain its protective mechanism of action. The animals underwent three weekly sessions of sclerotherapy with polidocanol 2% and were concomitantly and for an additional three weeks treated with either placebo or EGF administered paravenously in the esophagus and/or subcutaneously. The subcutaneous treatment with EGF significantly (P〈0.05) reduced esophageal stricture and scar formations associated with sclerotherapy. Gastric pH values were significantly (P〈0.01) elevated only in animals receiving subcutaneous injections of EGF. Furthermore, the subcutaneous administration of EGF was associated with unexpected prolonged plasma concentration of the peptide. These results suggest a possible clinical value of EGF as an adjunctive treatment with the sclerotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: BIOMECHANICS ; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP ; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES ; SCLEROTHERAPY ; SWINE ; WALL TENSION
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The dose- and time-dependent effects ofendoscopic sclerotherapy on luminal cross-sectional areaand wall distensibility were studied in pigs at 5 and 12cm proximal to the gastroesophageal junction by means of impedance planimetry. Sixteen healthyanimals underwent two sessions of endoscopicsclerotherapy two weeks apart with injections of either5 or 10 ml of 1% Polidocanol in the distal 7 cm of the esophagus each time. The animals wereinvestigated before sclerotherapy, two weeks after eachsession, and finally six weeks after the last session.Six healthy animals were studied as controls. Endoscopic sclerotherapy caused luminal narrowing in thesclerosed zone followed by normalization six weeks afterthe last treatment (P 〈 0.05 in both groups). Walldistensibility decreased in the sclerosed zone after treatment with 10 ml sclerosant (P 〈0.05) followed by partial normalization, while no effectwas found after 5 ml sclerosant (P 〉 0.2).Progressive dilations were observed in the proximalesophagus in both groups and were most pronounced in the10 ml group (P 〈 0.05). Wall distensibility did notchange proximal to the site of sclerotherapy in eithergroup (P 〉 0.1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: pigs ; rats ; lectins ; immunoreactivity ; esophageal epithelium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an important factor for maintaining the esophageal functional integrity. Goettingen minipigs were treated with either placebo or subcutaneous EGF (30 μg/kg/day) for four weeks. Wistar rats were treated with either placebo or subcutaneous EGF (150 μg/kg/day) for four weeks. At sacrifice, esophageal samples were obtained for histology, immunochemistry, and lectin characterization. In pigs, the thickness of the esophageal epithelium was almost doubled in the EGF-treated animals. Characterization with lectins revealed a normal pattern of differentiation. Subcutaneously administered EGF was visualized on cells located basally in the esophageal epithelium. In rats EGF-treatment increased the esophageal volume of the epithelium, the lamina propria of the mucosa, and the subnucosa. In conclusion, systemic EGF challenge induces growth of the esophageal epithelium with an unaltered pattern of differentiation. This supports previous studies demonstrating a beneficial effects of systemic EGF-treatment on sclerotherapyp-induced esophageal damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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