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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 67 (1945), S. 82-83 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Chest diagnostics ; Projection radiography ; High-amplification screen-film systems ; Digital luminiscence radiography ; Filter kernel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The extent to which the diagnostic performance of low-dosed storage phosphors can be improved by suitable image postprocessing was investigated. Storage phosphors radiographs and conventional 200- and 400-speed screen-film combinations of an antropomorphic chest phantom with simulated nodules and linear structures were compared. The detection of test bodies was determined in an ROC analysis based on 16 200 individual observations. The two analog screen-film systems did not differ significantly. As far as the storage phosphor radiographs are concerned, a higher diagnostic performance was achieved with a large filter kernel (S 40), whereas small filter kernels and edge-enhanced imaging modes reduced the detection of detail. The image quality of low-dosed storage phosphors is thus similar to high-amplification screen-film combinations if large filter kernels are used in postprocessing of the image.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: One-shot dual-energy subtraction imaging ; Laser-stimulated luminescence imaging plates ; Energy separation ; Computed radiography ; Chest diagnostics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Digital luminescent radiography enables dual-energy subtraction imaging, because this computed system allows susbtraction of imaging data and image post processing, as for example special windowing or edge enhancement. In a special cassette a copper filter is placed between two imaging plates for energy separation by a single X-ray exposure. Image post-processing with subtraction of imaging data permits the elimination of either skeleton or soft tissue structures. The influence of filter thickness, tube voltage and the X-ray exposure dosage on image quality is examined by the use of an anthropomorphic quality is examined by the use of an anthropomorphic phantom of the chest. According to our initial results dual energy subtraction imaging in one-shot-technique seems to be useful in the diagnostics of skeletal lesions and especially pulmonary nodules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Digital luminescence radiography ; Skeletal diagnosis ; Traumatology ; Standard digital images ; Image post-processing ; Creation of artefacts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the course of a comparative study 231 patients with traumatic lesions in skeletal and soft tissue areas were X-rayed using conventional film radiography and digital luminescence radiography (DLR). The results were evaluated by radiologists and traumatologists on the basis of optimised image post-processing in addition to the standard digital presentations. The imaging quality of compacta, spongiosa, soft tissues, fracture lines and osteosynthesis material was assessed in comparison with the screen-film images. Whereas the standard digital presentation in the “conventionally adjusted” imaging mode was inferior to the screen-film radiograph, the “edge-enhanced” standard presentation proved to be advantageous in the imaging of soft tissues (frequency of first-place ratings: DLR conventional 6%, screen-film system 21%, DLR edge-enhanced 31%). In the overall evaluation high-frequency filtered inverse image post-processing showed the highest diagnostic potential (frequency of first-place ratings: 41%). A conclusive assessment of metal implants is hindered by overshoot artefacts and can only be achieved through time-consuming post-processing of the stored image data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of physical distribution and logistics management 35 (2005), S. 161-176 
    ISSN: 0960-0035
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Purpose - This work seeks to examine how front-line employee performance and interdepartmental customer orientation affect the service, supply chain, and financial performance of US distribution centers. Design/methodology/approach - The authors approached this subject by utilizing works from the supply chain management, services marketing, total quality management, and logistics personnel literature. Surveys were administered in 18 distribution centers across the USA and canonical correlation was employed to test the propositions that front-line employee performance and interdepartmental customer orientation have a positive effect on distribution center service, supply chain, and financial performance. Findings - Findings indicate that high levels of front-line employee performance and interdepartmental customer orientation a positive effect on distribution center service and supply chain performance. The relationship of the two independent variables to distribution center financial performance was only partially supported. Research limitations/implications - The research did not explore how higher levels of front-line employee performance may be obtained and may not be generalizable beyond a distribution center setting. For researchers, the results may be utilized in studies of logistics best practice. Moreover, studies investigating market orientation may find the results useful, as previous contributions have shown interdepartmental customer orientation to be positively related to the market orientation of the firm. Practical implications - The results provide managers with evidence supporting the value of front-line employees and the importance of encouraging departments to service other departments in a customer-oriented manner. Originality/value - This is the first study to detail the relationship between interdepartmental customer orientation and firm performance in a logistical setting, and adds further credence to the importance of front-line distribution personnel in the delivery of quality output.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica B+C 123 (1983), S. 121-124 
    ISSN: 0378-4363
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 584-591 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The chemical composition of the surfaces and interfaces of NbN-MgO-NbN trilayers has been studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy during the fabrication of the trilayer without breaking the vacuum. The NbN and MgO layers were prepared by rf magnetron sputtering. The results of the chemical analysis have been correlated to the electrical characteristics of the completed NbN-MgO-NbN tunnel junctions. During the deposition of the MgO barrier layer the presence of a high amount of energetic oxygen ions and atoms in the sputtering plasma results in a strong plasma oxidation of the NbN base electrode and, hence, in mixed Nb2O5-MgO barriers. The oxygen ions and atoms are generated by the dissociation of the target material and the water of the background pressure. Their amount was found to increase with increasing argon pressure during the MgO sputtering process. Also, adsorption layers of hydroxides on the MgO-target result in the formation of an uncontrollable amount of niobium oxide components at the interface between the NbN base electrode and the MgO barrier. The current-voltage characteristics of tunnel junctions with such barriers show large subgap leakage currents. Pure MgO barriers can be prepared by reducing the oxygen bombardment of the NbN films during the MgO deposition. Pure MgO barriers are oxygen deficient and easily adsorb hydroxides. These hydroxides react with the first layers of the NbN top electrode to NbO2 and NbO thereby reducing and broadening the sumgap value of the tunnel junctions. Tunnel junctions with pure MgO barriers of a nominal thickness of less than 2 nm usually have current-voltage characteristics indicative for microshorts. A special annealing procedure of the NbN-MgO bilayers prior to the deposition of the top electrode desorbs the hydroxides, transforms Mg(OH)2 to MgO without forming metallic magnesium and prevents the formation of intermediate layers of niobium suboxides and metallic shorts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 830-832 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The switching dynamics between TE- and TM-polarization states is studied in a strained ridge-waveguide InGaAsP/InP laser that exhibits TE/TM bistability. Using current modulation with frequencies between 50 and 500 MHz, three types of emission are distinguished. With increasing modulation amplitude, the laser runs through a region of TE emission, a range of stochastic switching between TE and TM modes, and a third region of regular polarization switching. The minimum modulation amplitude for regular switching rises strongly with frequency while the respective switching times decrease from about 700 ps at 50 MHz down to 250 ps around 500 MHz, corresponding to gigahertz mode switching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 6135-6144 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: New experimental and theoretical results on TE/TM bistability in 1.3 μm ridge-waveguide InGaAsP/InP bulk lasers at room temperature are presented. Measured polarization resolved light power–current (P–I) characteristics as well as lateral near- and far-field patterns are compared with results from a theoretical model based on the paraxial wave equations for TE- and TM-polarized modes and the diffusion equation for the carrier distribution. The model was numerically evaluated by use of the beam propagation method. The observed TE/TM bistability is explained by the interplay of three different effects: (i) Tensile stress of about 109 dyn/cm2 promotes the TM gain strongly enough to compete with the TE mode. (ii) Improved TM waveguiding due to an enhancement of the effective refractive index near the beam axis caused by carrier depletion with increasing current leads to the onset of TM lasing and TE/TM switching. (iii) The TE/TM transition is accompanied by an abrupt increase of spatial hole burning in the lateral carrier distribution. Because of this nonlinear effect, a lower current is needed to switch the laser back to TE, giving rise to a hysteresis loop in the P–I characteristics and to TE/TM polarization bistability. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 1170-1172 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Laser radiation from GaAs/AlGaAs laser diode arrays of high output power is studied during nano- to millisecond carrier injection in temporally and spectrally resolved emission measurements. A red shift of the multimode emission spectrum by up to 12 nm and a concomitant increase of the total bandwidth are caused by a transient rise of the device temperature by up to 50 K. Spatially resolved experiments reveal a lateral temperature difference of about 2 K between the center and the edge emitters. Different laser array/heat sink combinations are investigated in order to reduce the transient temperature increase. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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