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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 916-916 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 916-916 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 8 (1980), S. 63-65 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Amphotericin-B-Konzentrationen wurden im Speichel von zehn gesunden freiwilligen Versuchspersonen gemessen, die Tabletten mit dieser Substanz gelutscht hatten. Es stellte sich heraus, daß im Speichel hohe Amphotericin-B-Konzentrationen erzielt werden können. Sogar eine halbe Stunde, nachdem der letzte Rest einer Lutschtablette geschluckt worden war, wurden Amphotericin-B-Konzentrationen gefunden, die hoch genug waren, um das Wachstum empfindlicherCandida albicans Stämme zu hemmen. Die Anwendbarkeit von Amphotericin-B-Lutschtabletten zur selektiven Dekontamination des Oropharynx von Hefen und anderen Pilzen wird diskutiert und mit der Anwendung der Substanz in Orabase® verglichen.
    Notes: Summary Amphotericin B concentrations were measured in the saliva of ten healthy volunteers who had sucked on lozenges with this drug. It appeared that high amphotericin B concentrations can be achieved in this way in the saliva. Even half an hour after swallowing the last remnant of a lozenge, the amphotericin B concentration was found to be high enough to suppress the growth of sensitiveCandida albicans strains. The possible usefulness of amphotericin B lozenges in the selective decontamination of the oropharynx of yeasts and other fungi is discussed and compared with the application of this drug in orabase.®.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 6 (1978), S. 16-20 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 2% Amphotericin-B im Orabase wurde auf die Rachenschleimhaut gesunder Freiwilliger appliziert. Dabei kamen Mengen von 1 g bzw. 0,5 g zur Anwendung. Die Experimente wurden während des Tages und während der Nacht durchgeführt. Mehrmals nach der Anwendung wurden Speichelproben gesammelt und die Amphotericin-B-Konzentrationen bestimmt. Die Applikation von 1 g der Orabase von 2% Amphotericin-B scheint eine ausreichend hohe Antibiotika-Konzentration für vier Stunden zu geben, 0,5 g für drei Stunden. Die Anwendung dieser Mengen vor dem Schlafengehen garantiert eine ausreichende Konzentration bis zum nächsten Morgen.
    Notes: Summary 2% amphotericin B in orabase® was applied to the buccal mucous membranes of healthy volunteers. Amounts of 1 g and 0.5 g were used. The experiments were performed during the day time as well as during the sleeping hours at night. At several intervals after application saliva samples were collected and the amphotericin B concentrations were determined. Application of 1 g of orabase® with 2% amphotericin B appears to maintain a sufficiently high concentration for four hours, 0.5 g for three hours. Application of these amounts before going to sleep guarantees a sufficient concentration until awakening the next morning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nystatin wurde zehn gesunden erwachsenen freiwilligen Probanden in ansteigenden Dosen von 3 × 106 I E, 6 × 106 I E, 9 × 106 I E und 12 × 106 I E pro Tag verabericht, jede Dosis wurde fünf Tage lang gegeben. Stuhlproben wurden täglich zur Bestimmung der Konzentration von biologisch aktivem Nystatin gesammelt. Die Nystatin-Konzentrationen wurden biologisch gemessen; die Empfindlichkeit der Methode lag bei ≤ 20 mcg/g Faeces. Während der vier Behandlungsphasen mit ansteigenden Dosen enthielten jeweils 38%, 31%, 26% und 20% der Stuhlproben biologisch nicht nachweisbare Mengen von Nystatin. Das bedeutet, daß Nystatin entweder inaktiviert oder im Darminhalt ungleichmäßig verteilt wird oder beides. Die praktischen Konsequenzen davon könnten sein, daß in einem entscheidenden Teil des Colon keine inhibitorische Konzentration von Nystatin gegenCandida albicans vorliegt, trotz der Behandlung mit bis zu 12 × 106 I E Nystatin pro Tag.
    Notes: Summary Nystatin was administered to ten healthy adult volunteers in increasing doses of 3 × 106 I U, 6 × 106 I U, 9 × 106 I U and 12 × 106 I U per day, each dose being given for a five-day period. Faecal samples were collected daily for the determination of their concentration of biologically active nystatin. Nystatin concentrations were determined biologically; the sensitivity of this method was ≤ 20 mcg/g of faeces. During the four treatment periods with increasing doses, 38%, 31%, 26% and 20% respectively of the faecal samples contained biologically undetectable amounts of nystatin. This means that nystatin is either inactivated or unevenly distributed through the intestinal contents, or both. The practical consequences of this may be that in a significant portion of the colon there is no inhibitory nystatin concentration againstCandida albicans, despite treatment with as much as 12 × 106 I U of nystatin per day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 16 (1990), S. S212 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Infection ; Selective decontamination ; Immunocompromised ; Antimicrobial treatment ; Colonization resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Infections can be classified according to: (1) the type of offending microorganism (virus, bacteria, fungi, parasites), (2) according to the clearance by the defence system (T cell dependent/independent) and (3) in case bacteria are the causative agents in Gram-positive and Gram-negative infections. The latter classification in Gram-positive and Gram-negative infections has appeared to have a practical consequence. Gram-negative bacteria, often involved in major infections and yeasts, appear to play practically no role in the intestinal ecological system. Consequently, it is nowadays increasingly attempted to eliminate Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts selectively from the digestive tract with antimicrobial agents. Selective suppression of Gram-positive bacteria may severely affect the ecosystem of the digestive tract. This selective suppression of Gram-negatives must be continued as long as patients are immunocompromised (locally or systemically) and is called selective decontamination of the digestive tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 14 (1995), S. 188-192 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twelve febrile patients with severe neutropenia, who had undergone aggressive chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia, were treated empirically with a continuous infusion of ceftazidime 100 mg/kg/day after a 500 mg loading dose, in order to study the pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime after continuous infusion and to examine the clinical applicability of continuous infusion in this patient population. Three patients had a slight decrease in renal function. All patients attained a steady-state ceftazidime serum level of 〉20 µg/ml within 180 to 240 min, which was considered effective against most pathogens in neutropenic patients. The median volume of distribution for the patient group was 29.1 I, the elimination half-life was 2.5 h and the clearance of ceftazidime was 7.7 l/h. A subnormal kidney function influenced half-lives and clearance (but not volume of distribution), as expected. When precautions were taken to avoid known interactions between ceftazidime and other compounds to be infused simultaneously, continuous infusion of ceftazidime was applicable for treatment of neutropenic patients without major side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 9 (1990), S. 285-287 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect on the faecal aerobic and anaerobic flora of ciprofloxacin given in low doses for selective decontamination of the digestive tract was investigated in ten human volunteers. The volunteers received 50, 100 and 200 mg of ciprofloxacin every 12 h for five days at intervals of three and five weeks respectively. No significant differences in the numbers of aerobes or anaerobes were seen after the 2 × 50 mg regime. The colony counts of most anaerobes and the total aerobe count were significantly decreased after the 2 × 200 mg regime. Whereas the aerobe count was also significantly decreased after administration of 2 × 200 mg, the anaerobe count remained stable.Clostridium difficile was not detected during or after treatment. From these results it can be concluded that ciprofloxacin in a dose of 2 × 100 mg can be recommended for selective decontamination of the digestive tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The tolerance of aerosolised amphotericin B as prophylaxis against invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was investigated in 61 granulocytopenic periods in 42 patients treated for a haematologic malignancy. Each patient was to receive amphotericin B in doses escalating to 10 mg three times daily (t.i.d.), but only 20 (48%) patients managed to complete the scheduled regimen. One patient tolerated the full dose initially, but had to discontinue treatment when dyspnea developed as a result of pneumonia and acute respiratory distress. Another 22 patients (52%) experienced side effects, including eight (19%) who reported mild coughing and dyspnea but who tolerated the full dose and three (7%) patients whose dose was reduced to 5 mg t.i.d. Another six (14%) patients could tolerate only 5 mg t.i.d., and five (12%) others stopped treatment because of intolerance. Elderly patients (p〈0.05) and those with a history of chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (p=0.09) were more likely to develop side effects during inhalation. Twelve (28%) patients developed proven or possible invasive fungal infections, but no correlation was established between infection and the total amount of amphotericin B inhaled. Inhalation of aerosolised amphotericin B is poorly tolerated and does not appear useful in preventing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in granulocytopenic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 9 (1990), S. 704-704 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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