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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Photodynamic therapy offers the possibility of relatively selective tumour necrosis and normal tissue healing. It has many potential applications but as yet no clear role. Articles, editorials and case reports published primarily in English and listed in Medline/ISI up to April 2000 or identified by a manual search have been reviewed in an attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the use of photodynamic therapy in the alimentary tract.It is concluded that photodynamic therapy can be an effective treatment for superficial pre-malignant mucosal lesions and early cancers, especially in diffuse disease. Suitable patients include those wishing to avoid surgery, high risk subjects or those in whom other forms of treatment have failed. Superiority over other methods of ablation has not so far been demonstrated. Cheaper and more effective photosensitizers and improved techniques of light delivery are likely to increase the application of photodynamic therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 53 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mycorrhizal fungi Amanita muscaria, Paxillus involutus, Hymenoscyphus ericae, Pisolithus tinctorius, Rhizopogon roseolus, and Suillus bovinus oxidized elemental sulphur to thiosulphate and sulphate in vitro. In some, but not all cases, tetrathionate was also formed. Limited oxidation of elemental sulphur by R. roseolus also occurred when growing in association with Pinus contorta in unsterilized peat. Although yeasts capable of oxidizing sulphur could not be isolated from a wide range of soils, a yeast-like fungus (Monilia sp.) isolated from deciduous woodland soil oxidized elemental sulphur to sulphate, forming thiosulphate, but not tetrathionate. This fungus also oxidized tetrathionate to sulphate but showed only limited ability to oxidize thiosulphate to tetrathionate. Both Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma harzianum oxidized elemental sulphur in mixed culture with Mucor flavus. Larger amounts of sulphate were initially formed in mixed, compared to single culture; but by week 5 of the incubation period sulphate formation was greatest in single culture. The wood-rotting fungi, Hypholoma fasciculare and Phanerochaete velutina showed a limited ability to oxidize elemental sulphur in vitro but were incapable of oxidizing the element when growing as mycelial cords in non-sterilized soils. The relevance of these results to the possibility that fungi play a role in sulphur oxidation in soils is commented upon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 106 (1975), S. 327-333 
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 19 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The photodynamic antibacterial properties of a closely related series of commercially available phenothiazinium dyes were tested against a range of pathogenic strains of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative organisms (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The photosensitisers were illuminated using a non-laser light source at a fluence of 1.75 mW cm−2 and this resulted in the enhancement of antibacterial activity in liquid culture. In several cases, illumination resulted in considerable decreases in the minimum lethal concentrations required, giving up to 100-fold increases in bactericidal activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 218 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Samples of air removed from the stratosphere, at an altitude of 41 km, were previously found to contain viable, but non-cultureable bacteria (cocci and rods). Here, we describe experiments aimed at growing these, together with any other organisms, present in these samples. Two bacteria (Bacillus simplex and Staphylococcus pasteuri) and a single fungus, Engyodontium album (Limber) de Hoog were isolated from the samples. Although the possibility of contamination can never be ruled out when space-derived samples are studied on earth, we are confident that the organisms originated from the stratosphere. Possible mechanisms by which these organisms could have attained such a height are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two immunodiagnostic detection assay procedures were compared with two conventional assays for their sensitivity in detecting propagules of Pythium ultimum var. sporangiiferum, Pythium Group F, Phytophthora cactorum and P. cryptogea in dilution series in sterile distilled water. The most sensitive assay for all four species was the zoospore trapping immunoassay (ZTI). Conventional membrane filtration-dilution plating gave similar results to ZTI with the two Phytophthora spp., but was less sensitive in Pythium detection. Immunodiagnostic dipstick assays and conventional bait tests showed similar sensitivities in the dilution series, and were generally about two orders of magnitude less sensitive than ZTI. The four techniques were also compared for their detection efficacy with water samples collected from horticultural nurseries and in in situ tests of infected root zones of Chamaecyparis, tomato and Chrysanthemum. In these comparisons, ZTI was again the most sensitive test for water samples, although membrane filtration-dilution plating proved to be a more consistent test. Dipstick and baiting assays were the best techniques for in situ testing, and dipsticks provided epidemiologically valuable, quantitative data on pathogen propagule numbers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 160 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The photodynamic antibacterial properties of a closely related series of phenothiazinium dyes were tested against several pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus, four of which were methicillin-resistant. Illumination of the photosensitisers at a fluence rate of 1.75 mW cm−2 generally resulted in the enhancement of antibacterial activity in liquid culture and in greater efficacy than the methicillin analogue flucloxacillin. For methylene blue, dimethyl methylene blue and new methylene blue illumination led to increases in bactericidal activity ≤16-fold, typically 4-fold. In addition, dimethyl methylene blue and new methylene blue were active against epidemic strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at concentrations lower than that of vancomycin (≥0.5 μM).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 39 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Phenothiazinium dyes, and derivatives, were tested for toxicity to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The dyes were generally lipophilic (log P〉1) and showed inherent dark toxicity (minimum lethal concentrations: 3.1–1000 μM). Dye illumination (total light dose of 3.15 J cm−1 over 30 min) led to up to eight-fold reductions in minimum lethal concentrations. Most of the illuminated dyes showed significant relative singlet oxygen yields (Φ′Δ: 0.18–1.35) suggesting a type II mechanism of generating a phototoxic response. Although generally up to six-fold more effective against S. aureus, the dyes tested efficiently killed E. coli and may be of particular use in combating Gram-negative pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Trends in Biochemical Sciences 18 (1993), S. 61-62 
    ISSN: 0968-0004
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Bioresource Technology 49 (1994), S. 197-201 
    ISSN: 0960-8524
    Keywords: Bioremediation ; degradation ; fungicide ; soil microbiology ; white rot fungi
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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