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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased arterial stiffness in women, but not in men, with IDDM (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1082-1089 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Ultrasonic echo-tracking ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; arterial stiffness ; gender-difference ; arterial compliance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary For unknown reasons, there is a greater increase in the risk for cardiovascular complications in diabetic women than in diabetic men. Our aim was to study gender-related differences in the mechanical properties of the great arteries in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) but free from known cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. We measured arterial stiffness (Β, inversely related to arterial compliance) in the abdominal aorta and the common carotid artery non-invasively using echo-tracking sonography in 30 women (mean age 34 years, range 20–61) and 26 men (mean age 38 years, range 22–56) with IDDM. The results were compared with those of healthy individuals of corresponding age and gender. The results showed a marked gender-difference in changes of arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness was increased in both the abdominal aorta and the common carotid artery in diabetic women compared to control women (p=0.0001 and p=0.0076, respectively). In contrast, there was no significant difference in stiffness of the abdominal aorta or the common carotid artery between the diabetic men and the control men (p=0.69 and p=0.39, respectively). In conclusion, this study has shown that stiffness of the aorta and the common carotid artery is increased in diabetic women but not in diabetic men. Increased arterial stiffness in diabetic women may be a pathogenic factor which could help to explain the gender-related differences in the risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications in diabetic subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402179
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased arterial stiffness in women, but not in men, with IDDM (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1082-1089 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Ultrasonic echo-tracking ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; arterial stiffness ; gender-difference ; arterial compliance.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary For unknown reasons, there is a greater increase in the risk for cardiovascular complications in diabetic women than in diabetic men. Our aim was to study gender-related differences in the mechanical properties of the great arteries in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) but free from known cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. We measured arterial stiffness (β, inversely related to arterial compliance) in the abdominal aorta and the common carotid artery non-invasively using echo-tracking sonography in 30 women (mean age 34 years, range 20–61) and 26 men (mean age 38 years, range 22–56) with IDDM. The results were compared with those of healthy individuals of corresponding age and gender. The results showed a marked gender-difference in changes of arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness was increased in both the abdominal aorta and the common carotid artery in diabetic women compared to control women (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0076, respectively). In contrast, there was no significant difference in stiffness of the abdominal aorta or the common carotid artery between the diabetic men and the control men (p = 0.69 and p = 0.39, respectively). In conclusion, this study has shown that stiffness of the aorta and the common carotid artery is increased in diabetic women but not in diabetic men. Increased arterial stiffness in diabetic women may be a pathogenic factor which could help to explain the gender-related differences in the risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications in diabetic subjects. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 1082–1089]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402179
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma exudation as a first line respiratory mucosal defence (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 21 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A great variety of provocations of the airway mucosa produce extravasation of plasma from the abundant subepithelial microvessels. A plasma exudate has important actions through its volume, its specific and unspecific binding proteins, its enzyme systems, and its potent peptides (of kinin. complement, coagulation, fibrinolysis and other systems). If allowed to operate on the surface of an intact mucosa the plasma exudale would have important roles in normal airway defence. Recent observations in guinea-pig tracheo-bronchial airways and in human nasal airways suggest that the mucosal exudation of plasma into the airway lumen is a non-injurious fully reversible process. Threshold exudative responses thus resulted in the appearance of an ‘unfiltered’ plasma exudate not only in the lamina propria but also on the surface of an undisrupted mucosa. Even after extensive luminal entry of exudate the epithelial lining was intact, as judged by light, fluorescence and electron microscopy. Hence, the epithelial barrier was reversibly permeable when approached from beneath by the plasma exudate. This was a distinct increase in outward permeability, because even during the exudation of plasma the mucosa remained a barrier to luminal solutes. It is possible that the exudate itself, by a slight compressive action on the basolateral aspect of epithelial cells, creates intercellular pathways for its entry into the lumen. Contrary to current beliefs, we propose that plasma exudation should be considered a first line respiratory defence mechanism operating together with other systems of the mucosal surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb00799.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human nasal absorption of 51Cr-EDTA in smokers and control subjects (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 24 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Passive exposure to cigarette smoke has emerged as a significant risk factor in the development of asthma and allergic airways disease. The pathogenetic mechanisms are not known, but increased absorption across the airway epithelial lining has been suggested as one possible mechanism of this effect of cigarette smoke. This study examines the absorption-permeability of the nasal epithelial lining in cigarette smokers and non-smokers. For comparison, the effect of a detergent, dioctylsodium sulfosuccinate (DS), is also examined. A solution containing 51Cr-EDTA (51-chromium labeled ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) (mol. wt. 372 Da) was instilled and maintained in the nasal cavity in six smokers and 12 non-smokers for 15min. Urine was collected for 24 h after the instillation. The accumulated amount of excreted 5lCr-EDTA was measured and expressed as millilitre nasal instillate. In six non-smokers the procedure was repeated when DS has been added to the instillate. The median recovered amount of 51Cr-EDTA in smokers 0.07 ml (range 0.04-0.32) was not significantly different from that in non-smokers 0.16 ml (0.01-1.22). The recovered amount of 51Cr-EDTA increased from a median of 0.18 ml (0.01-1.22) to 1.13 ml (0.53-1.80) after addition of the detergent (P= 0.028). We conclude that the nasal airway absorption-permeability is not increased in smokers. Hence, passive exposure to cigarette smoke may not produce an impairment of airway barrier functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02740.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Airway permeability (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 25 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb00022.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pharmacoscintigraphic evaluation of oral budesonide given as controlled-release (Entocort) capsules (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims : To investigate the gastrointestinal pharmacokinetics of controlled-release (Entocort) and standard budesonide capsules.Methods : Six Crohn's disease patients and eight healthy controls were given controlled-release capsules containing budesonide and an inert 111In label, following breakfast. In the patients, a standard capsule containing deuterium-labelled budesonide was given simultaneously. In the controls, on a separate occasion, the controlled-release capsules were given in the fasting state. Gastrointestinal transit was recorded by a gamma camera. Plasma budesonide and deuterium-labelled budesonide were used to estimate drug release, and urine cortisol was used to assess systemic effects.Results : Budesonide delivery to the ileo-colonic region was significantly greater after the intake of the controlled-release capsules [69%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 54–84] than after the standard capsules (30%; 95% CI, 15–45) (P = 0.005). Fasting had little impact on uptake. The transit and pharmacokinetics of budesonide were similar in both subject groups, although systemic availability was higher in patients (21%; 95% CI, 13–33) than in controls (12%; 95% CI, 10–14) (P = 0.009). Urinary cortisol was, however, similar in both groups.Conclusions : A major fraction of budesonide is released in the ileum and throughout the colon, the intended target for the controlled-release formulation. The prandial state has little effect on budesonide uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01426.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fitness training and its effect on musculoskeletal pain in profesional ballet dancers (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 7 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: In a controlled, prospective, randomized study, half of the dancers in a professional ballet company were asked to do extra self-administered fitness training, while the other half became the control group. The aim was to examine if the dancers in the training group would be able to keep up the extra training during a regular season and to examine its effect on their maximum oxygen uptake and on their self-estimated musculoskeletal pain. The training group increased their oxygen uptake more than the control group. The self-estimated functional inability because of pain (SEFIP) indicated significantly less pain the week after the premiére for the study population taken as a whole, but not for the two groups when considered separately. The training group claimed that the fitness training had helped them to cope with the psychological strain during rehearsals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1997.tb00156.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Permeation of polysucrose 15 000 across the human nasal mucosa in vivo (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 52 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Studies of the nasal permeation of small molecules (〈 1000 Da) have yielded important information about the integrity of the human airway mucosa in health and disease. In this study, we used a much larger tracer molecule, polysucrose (PS) 15000 (approx. 14700 Da), to predict the mucosal permeation of inhalational allergens. PS 15000 (50 mg/ml; 15 ml), with or without a detergent type of permeation enhancer (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate 10 mg/ml), was maintained for 15 min in one nasal cavity of 12 healthy nonatopic subjects by employment of a nasal-pool device. Permeation as determined by the 24-h urine recovery of PS (micro-ELISA analysis assay) was expressed as percentage of nasal instillate. Mean baseline permeation was 0.044% (range 0.009–0.250%). In the presence of the detergent, permeation increased to 0.600% (range 0.007–2.260%) (P〈0.01). After oral intake of 750 mg of PS 15 000 (50 μg/ml; 15 ml), the 24-h urinary recovery was 0.013% (range 0.004–0.023%). Our study thus demonstrates a measurable baseline permeation of PS 15 000, an elevated permeation rate in the presence of an epithelium-damaging detergent molecule, and a negligible permeation by the oral route. These properties support the utility of PS 15 000 as a nasal airway permeation tracer. Its size further suggests that its permeation may reflect mucosal perviousness to many allergens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb02528.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tracers for aerosol ventilation scintigraphy: Tc-99m versus In-113m (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 13 (1987), S. 155-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Pulmonary embolism ; Radionuclide imaging ; Respiratory function tests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 113mIn has been proposed as a suitable tracer for aerosol ventilation scintigraphy in combination with 99mTc pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy. The high energy (393 keV) of113mIn allows it to be detected in the presence of 99mTc, but degrades the spatial resolution which can be achieved. We have compared the resolution obtained with 99mTc and 113mIn in phantom experiments and in aerosol ventilation scans in 14 patients with airways disease. The resolution at the distances from the collimator encountered in lung scintigraphy was 10–20 mm for 99mTc and 15–40 mm for 113mIn. Aerosol ventilation images were abnormal in all patients. The 99mTc images showed peripheral defects and frequently central hot spots reflecting increased local aerosol deposition. In the 113mIn images, the lower resolution had a smoothing effect, the central hot spots were less striking, and the distribution of activity appeared more uniform, some detail was lost in the periphery. It is suggested that 113mIn is useful for ventilation scintigraphy in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, but that 99mTc is the tracer of choice if aerosol ventilation scintigraphy is used to study airways disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289029
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