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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the novel radical scavenger AD0261 on lymphocyte activation (1994)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 41 (1994), S. C216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A recent investigation has indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play an important role in the activation of lymphocytes. The main aim of the present study is to find out what effect on lymphocyte activation is attributable to radical scavengers (RSs). AD0261 (AD) is a novel RS which displays strong inhibitory action on the generation of lipid peroxides and superoxide anions. This compound has been shown to be effective in inhibiting tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR) incorporation into, IL-2 release from and IL-2 receptor (Rc) expression on Con A-stimulated mouse spleen cells and PHA-P-stimulated lymphocytes of human peripheral blood, IC50 values being in the range 1–10 μM. It also inhibited erythema formation elicited by transferring PHA-P-stimulated lymphocytes into guinea pigs (30–40% inhibition at 10 μM,p〈0.05). Further study showed that the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which is a critical enzyme for cell proliferation, was inhibited by AD in a dose-dependent manner (IC50=1.0 μM). In summary, AD would seem to affect the lymphocyte activation by inhibiting ODC activity, probably through the action of ROS trapping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01987643
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased expression of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) in afferent and glomerular endothelial cells is involved in glomerular hyperfiltration of diabetic nephropathy (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 1426-1434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Nitric oxide (NO) ; endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) ; diabetic nephropathy ; afferent arterioles ; glomerular hyperfiltration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) is reported in the diabetic kidney and considered to be involved in glomerular hyperfiltration. The precise mechanism of NO production in the diabetic kidney is, however, not known. In this report, we compare the localization of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) isoform expression in the kidney tissue of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and 5/6 nephrectomized rats and clarify the pivotal role of ecNOS for the glomerular hyperfiltration in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy. In diabetic rats, the diameters of afferent arterioles, the glomerular volume, creatinine clearance, and urinary NO2/NO3 were increased after the induction of diabetes. Efferent arterioles were, however, not altered. Insulin or L-NAME treatment returned the diameters of afferent arterioles, glomerular volume, creatinine clearance, and urinary NO2/NO3 to normal. The expression of ecNOS in afferent arterioles and glomeruli of diabetic rats increased during the early stages of the disease, but was not altered in efferent arterioles. Treatment with either insulin or L-NAME decreased ecNOS expression in afferent arterioles and in glomeruli. In contrast, the ecNOS expression was upregulated in both afferent and efferent arterioles and in the glomeruli of 5/6 nephrectomized rats, where the dilatation of afferent and efferent arterioles and glomerular enlargement were observed. Treatment with L-NAME ameliorated the ecNOS expression and dilatation of arterioles. We conclude that enhanced NO synthesis by ecNOS in afferent arterioles and glomerular endothelial cells in response to the hyperglycaemic state could cause preferential dilatation of afferent arterioles, which ultimately induces glomerular enlargement and glomerular hyperfiltration. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 1426–1434]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051088
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advanced glycation end products-cytokine-nitric oxide sequence pathway in the development of diabetic nephropathy: aminoguanidine ameliorates the overexpression of tumour necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase in diabetic rat glomeruli (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 878-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Advanced glycation end products ; aminoguanidine ; nitric oxide ; diabetic nephropathy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Advanced glycation end products are believed to contribute to diabetic microvascular complications by inducing glomerular damage but their role has not been fully clarified. In this study, we explain their central role in the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and production of nitric oxide (NO) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat glomeruli. Methods. Localization of carboxymethyllysine, which is one of the chemical components of advanced glycation end products, glomerular expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and urinary excretion and glomerular production of NO2 –/NO3 – were examined at 0, 26, 51, and 52 weeks after the induction of diabetes. Therapeutic effects of aminoguanidine were also examined. Results. Carboxymethyllysine was detected in the mesangial area in glomeruli and it progressively accumulated during 52 weeks of observation. Immunohistochemistry and hybridization studies in situ showed that the number of inducible nitric oxide synthase-positive cells was notably increased in diabetic rat glomeruli at 52 weeks. Further, this augmented expression paralleled intraglomerular expression of TNF-α and NO2 –/NO3 – in diabetic rat glomeruli. Treatment with aminoguanidine reduced the expression of TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase and intraglomerular NO2 –/NO3 – production. It also ameliorated proteinuria in diabetic rats. Conclusion/interpretation. This study showed that carboxymethyllysine possibly enhances the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by stimulating the expression of TNF-α in diabetic rat glomeruli. The carboxymethyllysine-cytokine-NO sequence pathway could be one of the major mechanisms in the development of diabetic nephropathy. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 878–886]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051241
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Study of Somatostatin Receptors in Amygdaloid-Kindled Rat Brain (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 43 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Kindling is an animal model of epilepsy. Previously somatostatin (SRIF) was implicated in seizure activity in the brain. Recently we reported a significant increase in brain SRIF content in the temporal cortices and cortices of kindled rats. Since the interaction between the neurotransmitter and the receptor eventually is responsible for the biological response, the present study was undertaken to examine evidence for the participation of SRIF receptor in the kindled state. In this study we present a procedure for detection of SRIF receptors using radiolabeled (D-Tyr8)-SRIF as a tracer. The present study indicates that in kindled rats there are no differences in the total number or affinity of the binding sites in the temporal cortex and a slight increase in the total number of binding sites in the cortex when compared with controls. These results, in view of our other observations, suggest that in kindled rat brain there may be an increased release of SRIF but no down-regulation of SRIF receptors in temporal cortex and cortex. There appears to be a significant decrease in the number of SRIF receptors in kindled hippocampus. The mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb05383.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DISTRIBUTION OF TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE IN HUMAN AND ANIMAL BRAIN (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 18 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (EC 1.10.3.1) when assayed under ideal conditions in young human brains, was comparable to that in brains of other species in level of activity and distribution. The highest levels of activity were in the putamen, caudate nucleus and substantia nigra, in keeping with data on other species. The caudate activity in human brain appeared to decrease substantially with increasing age. In both humans and baboons, the enzyme in the neostriatum was particle-bound and inhibited by the 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyltetrahydropteridine cofactor system. In the substantia nigra it was soluble and stimulated by the 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyltetrahydropteridine cofactor system. The data suggest that tyrosine hydroxylase may be produced in a soluble form in the cell bodies of the substantia nigra but become bound as it moves toward the nerve endings in the putamen and caudate nucleus. The bound form of the enzyme was unstable but the soluble form exhibited considerable stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1971.tb03738.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LACK OF ABNORMALITY IN BRAIN AROMATIC AMINES IN RATS AND MICE SUSCEPTIBLE TO AUDIOGENIC SEIZURE (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 16 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The levels of certain amines (catecholamines, 5-HT, and ‘histamine’) and of certain enzymes (tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, ChAc, or AChE) in whole brain or selected brain areas of rats and mice susceptible to audiogenic seizure have been compared with the levels in matched groups of non-sensitive animals. Sensitive groups included both those where susceptibility is inborn and those where it is induced by administration of methionine sulphoximine or thiosemicarbazide. No significant difference was found which could be correlated with susceptibility to audiogenic seizure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1969.tb08984.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boron doping of silicon by ArF excimer laser irradiation in B2H6 (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 7204-7210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Boron doping of silicon using a pulsed ArF excimer laser (λ=193 nm, FWHM=17 ns) with B2H6 has been investigated. Doping atoms are supplied mainly from both thermal and photochemical decomposition of the adsorbed layers on the surface. UV laser irradiation realizes both high surface carrier concentration (1×1021 cm−3) and a very shallow junction (0.1 μm). Diodes fabricated by laser doping show good electrical characteristics (n factor=1.10, reverse current density=1×10−7 A/cm2 at −5 V). Thermal annealing improves the reverse current density (3×10−9 A/cm2 at −5 V). A numerical calculation of boron concentration profiles has been performed by solving the diffusion equation in the melted region, which is evaluated by the heat conduction equation. From this calculation the diffusion coefficient of boron in liquid phase silicon (3×10−4 cm2/s) is obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344553
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An examination of the crowding hypothesis in epileptic patients who have undergone the carotid amytal test
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Neuropsychologia 28 (1990), S. 1221-1227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0028-3932
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0028-3932(90)90057-U
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origins of the vagus nerve to the cat heart as studied by the HRP method
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 9 (1977), S. 58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-2828
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2828(77)80142-9
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of local crystal orientation variation of Al line due to LSI processing by using two-million-volts electron microscope
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Microelectronic Engineering 21 (1993), S. 371-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-9317
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-9317(93)90094-L
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