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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Epidermisskulptur als Gattungsmerkmal bei primitiven Angiospermen (1984)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 144 (1984), S. 73-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Annonaceae ; Asimina ; Deeringothamnus ; Epidermis ultrastructure ; systematics of primitive angiosperms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Stereoscan investigations of more than 350 leaf epidermis samples fromAnnonaceae, Myristicaceae andMonimiaceae reveal that primary and secondary cuticular sculptures in some cases are stable markers on the generic level. A comparison betweenAsimina andDeeringothamnus shows the two genera to be systematically distinct but apparently closely related.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990803
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Ultrastruktur und Funktion pollenverbindender Fäden beiEricaceae und anderen Angiospermenfamilien (1984)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 189-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Ericaceae ; Onagraceae ; Mimosaceae ; Musaceae ; Ultrastructure ; function of pollen connecting threads and viscin threads ; palynology ; pollination ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Viscin threads and other pollen connecting threads of some angiosperm families were investigated, especially those ofEricaceae. According to the definition adopted, viscin threads are ± long exinous processes which consist of exinous material and connect pollen grains or tetrads. Such viscin threads are found within theOnagraceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Ericaceae, andMimosaceae only. While they differ in structure and composition, they always consist of sporopollenin and exhibit a very strong stickiness, even after all viscid substances have been removed by acetolysis. In contrast, the pollen connecting scleroprotein threads ofOrchidaceae and the cellular threads ofStrelitzia reginae Aiton. (Musaceae) are not connected with the exine surface, are destroyed by acetolysis, and thus do not correspond to viscin threads.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989383
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different origins of fragile exines within theAnnonaceae (1987)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 158 (1987), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Annonaceae ; Annona ; Duguetia ; Guatteria ; Uvaria ; Pollen ultrastructure ; fragile exines ; systematics of primitive angiosperms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Besides tectate and columellate, 3-layered exine types, in theAnnonaceae, one also finds very fragile, thin exine types. Their single exine layer corresponds either to a former tectum (including infratectal layer) or a former basal layer. The interpretation of the different origin of the remaining layers is based on their different structure and position within the intine. The fact that reduced exine types are obviously not always homologous should be regarded in systematic interpretations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936141
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new pollen type, C-banded and fluorochrome counterstained chromosomes, and evolution inGuatteria and related genera (Annonaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 150 (1985), S. 119-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Annonaceae ; Guatteria ; Guatteriopsis ; Guatteriella ; Heteropetalum ; Pollen ultrastructure ; chromosome analysis ; Giemsa C-banding ; sequential fluorochrome staining ; leaf surface micromorphology ; evolution in primitive angiosperms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Guatteria, Guatteriopsis, Guatteriella andHeteropetalum share the same conspicuous pollen type which is new for theSpermatophyta. It is zonoaperturate with a folded aperture region and an extremely reduced exine. First chromosome counts and karyotype analyses forGuatteriopsis (4 species investigated) andGuatteriella (1 species) are identical with those ofGuatteria (19 species seen): 2n = 28. The genome is characterized by diploidization and partly telocentric chromosomes. Sequentially Giemsa C- and fluorochrome banded chromosomes and interphase nuclei are described. The cuticular folding pattern is distinct forHeteropetalum only. Growth forms and ecology are reported for many species. The evolutionary pattern of theGuatteria group is discussed and compared with other genera and families.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984191
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastruktur und systematische Bedeutung des Pollens beiBocageopsis, Ephedranthus, Malmea undUnonopsis (Annonaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 150 (1985), S. 165-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Annonaceae ; Bocageopsis ; Ephedranthus ; Malmea ; Unonopsis ; Pollen ultrastructure ; exine differentiation ; non-columellate and columellate exine ; systematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The four genera investigated show solitary sulcate pollen grains. The structure and sculpture of the sporoderm is very similar inBocageopsis andUnonopsis, and supports the close relationship of both genera; their flower morphology also is very similar. In contrast, the sporoderm ofEphedranthus, and especially that ofMalmea, is different in some characters and suggests more remote relationships; this is also confirmed by differences in flower morphology. Within this group of genera a distinct exine progression can be recognized from non-columellate (Malmea) to granular (Unonopsis guatterioides), further to somewhat irregularly (Bocageopsis, someUnonopsis species), and finally to very regularly columellate (Ephedranthus). The sculpture of the tectum varies from a reticulum with large lumina (Malmea) to one with small performations (Ephedranthus). Within theAnnonaceae the genusMalmea is among the most primitive in respect to pollen structure. The sulcus of the four genera is very large and runs over 1/3 of the pollen grain. It is characterized by a reduction of the exine and a bulgy thickening of the intine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984193
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sporoderm characters ofTetrameranthus duckei (Annonaceae) and their systematic implications (1984)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 323-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Annonaceae ; Tetrameranthus ; Sporoderm ; exine ; intine ; aperture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ultrastructural and micromorphological investigations of the sporoderm ofTetrameranthus duckei pollen confirm the interpretation of this genus as being isolated within theAnnonaceae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989392
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aperture types withinSapranthus andPolyalthia (Annonaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 135-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Annonaceae ; Polyalthia ; Sapranthus ; Pollen types: inaperturate ; omniaperturate ; sulcate ; disulcate ; germination zones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Within the large palaeotropical genusPolyalthia so far five different pollen types are described (two monosulcate types, two disulcate types, and a single omniaperturate type). One of the disulcatePolyalthia types is similar to the disulcate neotropical genusSapranthus. All the newly described types differ predominantly not in exine but rather in intine characters. From this it can be concluded that seemingly “inaperturate” grains are disculcate in function, generally with two clearly recognizable germination zones, or omniaperturate, with the whole sporoderm capable of germination. The functions of the intine layers within the germination zones and within the nongerminating areas are very different and cooperate during the first germination steps in bursting the exine. It is difficult clearly to define the germination zones of pollen grains if the exine exhibits no modifications. Based on our and other results a more precise definition is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937294
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of the pollen wall inStrelitzia reginae (Musaceae) (1983)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 141 (1983), S. 285-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Zingiberales ; Musaceae ; Strelitzia ; Pollen morphology ; sporoderm ; exine ; intine ; convergent evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The pollen wall ofStrelitzia reginae (Musaceae) consists of a nearly unsculptured, very thin, highly reduced, but coherent exine, and a thick intine (with an outer, channeled layer and an inner, largely homogeneous layer). After short, incomplete acetolysis the exine covers the remaining, severely shrinked protoplast as a folded, but unaltered “skin”, while the intine has totally disappeared. After extended acetolysis only the coherent, skin-like exine remains. Thus, the term “exine-less pollen” sometimes used for similar sporoderm structures in other genera ofZingiberales is misleading and should be substituted by the term “skin-like exine”. Surprisingly, the peculiar pollen wall ultrastructure ofStrelitzia and some otherZingiberales is very similar to that of some genera of theLaurales, an example for convergent evolution within the angiosperms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989008
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pollen evolution and systematics inAnnonaceae with special reference to the disulcate Australian endemic genera (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Annonaceae ; Ancana ; Fitzalania ; Haplostichanthus ; Fissistigma ; Disulcate pollen ; exine ultrastructure ; pollen evolution in primitive Angiosperms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract All genera ofAnnonaceae endemic in Australia (Ancana, Fitzalania, Haplostichanthus) show almost exactly the same type of disulcate (disulculate) pollen with intact exine extending over the sulci. Tetrad stages inHaplostichanthus andAncana reveal a latudinal subequatiorial orientation of the two sulci at the proximal hemisphere. Sometimes they fuse into a ±zonosulcate aperture.Fissistigma pollen grains are ±globose and have a flattened pole with a central elevation and a concentric groove, covered by a somewhat reduced exine. This palynological characters give further support for separating the generaAncana andFissistigma. Germination was observed inHaplostichanthus where the pollen tube emerges at one of the two sulci and inFissistigma where the flattened part breaks up during germination. The aperture types described here are obviously transitional stages between aperturate and inaperturate pollen grains and are discussed in regard to pollen evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936007
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new look at the acetolysis method (1989)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 163 (1989), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Beilschmiedia ; Calluna ; Polyalthia ; Strelitzia ; Acetolysis ; palynology ; sporoderm ; exine ; intine ; pollen characters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The acetolysis method intreduced byGunnar Erdtman is still a very welcome and highly successful technique in palynology. However, acetolysis destroys all pollen material with the exception of sporopollenin that forms the outer pollen wall, the exine. Modern palynology in its application to plant systematics and phylogeny must consider all sporoderm characters, not only those of the exine. The neglect of the intine may distort some principal palynological aspects. This is illustrated by cases of total breakdown or gross modification of thin exine structures (e.g. inBeilschmiedia, Strelitzia) and by the clarification of apertures (e.g.,Polyalthia, Fissistigma, Calluna). In our view the investigation of both acetolysed and non-acetolysed pollen is obligatory for a well balanced view of pollen structure and function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936510
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