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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on eosinophilic granule cells in peritoneal exudates of eels, Anguilla amtmlis (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 34 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Eosinophilic granule cells (EGC) are reported among peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) of unstimulated and carrageenan-, zymosan-, latex- and Aeromonas hydrophila-stimulated eels, Anguilla australis. At the light microscopy level EGC are large (〈 50 μm diameter) and have strongly to moderately basophilic cytoplasm, eosinophilic granules, and often striated colourless cytoplasmic inclusions. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasm is rich in ribosomes, and contains characteristic granules, parallel tubular structures 46–50 nm in diameter, and parallel rod-like arrays (PRLA) 14–15 nm in diameter that are angular or hexagonal in cross section. EGC contain granule-associated, partially or completely cyanide inhibited, but azide and aminotriazole resistant, peroxidase, acid phosphatase, esterases and weak cytoplasmic periodic acid-Schiff positivity. PRLA lack enzyme content. A few (〈 10%) unstimulated and carrageenan- and zymosan-stimulated EGC contain granule-associated and diffuse β-galactosidase, and EGC in eels injected i.p. with filtered carrageenan-stimulated PEC supernatants show heterogeneity in glucosaminidase content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03368.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of inflammatory neutrophils induced by bacterial endotoxin in the blood of eels, Anguilla australis (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 32 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Peripheral blood neutrophils were studied in eels injected with phosphate buffered saline, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), carrageenan (CAR), LPS and CAR together (CAR/LPS(T)), CAR and LPS 4 days later (CAR/LPS(S)), zymosan and latex beads. All stimuli caused a left shift toward neutrophil immaturity but LPS-elicited neutrophils, particularly in CAR/LPS stimulated eels, were often extremely basophilic, enlarged, vacuolated and had a large nucleus with poorly differentiated nuclear chromatin. These intensely basophilic neutrophils (IBN) had few granules and lower acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase, but higher PAS levels, compared to normal neutrophils. Ultrastructurally, IBN showed loss of cytoplasmic content that gave a ragged appearance, the nucleus was often immature and many rough endoplasmic reticulum profiles restricted the distribution of reduced numbers of cytoplasmic granules. These features are attributed to asynchronous development, and IBN are compared with mammalian toxic neutrophils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05397.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complete genome sequence of a multiple drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi CT18 (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 413 (2001), S. 848-852 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. typhi) is the aetiological agent of typhoid fever, a serious invasive bacterial disease of humans with an annual global burden of approximately 16 million cases, leading to 600,000 fatalities. Many S. enterica serovars actively invade the mucosal surface of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35101607
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The enzyme cytochemistry and composition of elasmobranch granulocytes (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 30 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, β-glucuronidase, α-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), α-naphthyl butyrate esterase, naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase, acetyl-L-tyrosine-α-naphthyl esterase (ATNE), tosyl-L-lysine-α-naphthyl esterase (TLNE) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) were studied in 17 species of elasmobranchs in which granulocytes had previously been identified at the ultrastructural level.Eosinophils, eosinophilic and neutrophilic granulocytes contained variable acid phosphatase, esterases and PAS, but they were strongest in neutrophilic granulocytes; particularly ANAE. Esterases were released into surrounding plasma and therefore probably function as ectoenzymes. In eosinophils and some neutrophilic granulocytes there were indications of weak peroxidase, but this could not be conclusively demonstrated. Alkaline phosphatase was diffuse between granules in some eosinophils of Pavoraja, and (β-glucuronidase was diffuse in neutrophilic granulocytes of Etmopterus baxteri, otherwise granulocytes lacked these enzymes. Neutrophilic granulocytes stained moderately to strongly for ATNE and weakly and inconsistently for TLNE in Squalus acanthias and Dalatias licha. with a similar reaction in granular lymphocytoid and thrombocytoid cells of Galeorhinus ausiralis and Raja nasuta. The enzyme composition of these granulocytes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1987.tb05770.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and cytochemical observations on the granulocytes of the sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum (Chondrostei) (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 33 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Granulocytes from cranial granulopoietic tissue were studied under the electron microscope, and cytochemistry carried out oncranial and peripheral blood granulocytes of two sturgeons, Acipenser brevirostrum. Ultrastructurally, eosinophils and basophils had homogeneous electron-dense granules similar to those of teleosts and some higher vertebrates. Neutrophils contained two granule types: small elongated fibrillar granules and large (〈3.8μm long) usually homogeneous granules.Neutrophil fibrillar granules were positive for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), α-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), acetyl-l-tyrosine-α-naphthyl esterase (ATNE) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) reaction. The large homogeneous granules were negative for all enzymes, and were only PAS positive. Eosinophils had granular, cyanide-, azide- and aminotriazole-resistant peroxidase (PO) and were ACP, ATNE, tosyl-l-lysine-α-naphthyl esterase (TLNE) and Luxol fast blue positive.Ultrastructure and cytochemistry are discussed in relation to other vertebrates, and eosinophils identified as the main phagocytic leucocyte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05466.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the granulocyte peroxidase of teleosts: a phylogenetic perspective (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 33 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Observations on granulocyte peroxidase of 123 teleosts are reported and correlated with previous studies to put occurrence of fish granulocyte peroxidase in a phylogenetic perspective. Eosinophil peroxidase occurs in archaic groups such as lungfish and sturgeons, but is usually weak and infrequently observed in chondrichthyans, and in teleosts occurs in some elopomorphs, is consistently observed in stomiiforms, is rarely observed and usually weak in acanthopterygians and absent from salmoniforms, scopelomorphs and paracanthopterygians. Peroxidase is absent from lungfish and sturgeon neutrophils, is present in neutrophils of some elopomorphs and clupeimorphs. both of which are basal teleost groups, but in salmoniforms and higher teleosts is consistently observed in neutrophils. although often weak in pleuronectiforms.Loss of eosinophil peroxidase and development of neutrophil peroxidase in teleosts may be due to inefficient phagocytosis and loss of peroxidase with degranulation in eosinophils, being superseded by concentration of peroxidase in phagosomes in neutrophils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05467.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition and ultrastructure of elasmobranch granulocytes. II. Rays (Rajiformes) (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 30 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The blood granulocyte composition of seven species of ray is given together with ultrastructural observations made on the epigonal organ and blood of Pavoraja spinifera and the spleen of a deepwater rajid skate. Under the light microscope three granulocyte types, eosinophils, eosinophilic granulocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes could be distinguished. At the EM level two granulocyte types were apparent, one with elongated granules containing longitudinal fibrils that consolidated to form an axial rod-like inclusion, and the other with large, spherical, uniformly electron-dense granules. Correlation of light and electron microscope observations indicated that the neutrophilic granulocytes with weakly basophilic, elongated granules become weakly eosinophilic, as eosinophilic granulocytes, and these in turn develop to eosinophils with granules containing axial rods. The other granulocyte type forms another population of eosinophils with spherical granules.The inter-relationship of these granulocytes, the identification of eosinophilic granulocytes, or heterophils, as immature eosinophils, and the co-existence of two morphologically distinct eosinophil forms are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1987.tb05783.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on granulocyte peroxidase in New Zealand freshwater eels, Anguilla species (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 29 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Peroxidase activity in the granulocytes of eels was investigated using o-tolidine, paraphenylene-diamine-pyrocatechol, and 4-chloro-l-naphthol as substrates, and cyanide, azide and aminotriazole as inhibitors. Most circulating neutrophils of Anguilla australis Richardson, 1848 and A. dieffenbachii Gray. 1842 showed no peroxidase activity at pH 7.6 and pH 9.0, but a few neutrophils, thought to be mature, were positive. Another granulocyte in the anterior kidney, spleen, parasitized gill tissue and, rarely, the blood contained a cyanide-resistant, azide-inhibited, peroxidase and was tentatively identified as the eosinophil. Neutrophils of A. anguilla (L.) showed granular peroxidase activity which was inhibited by cyanide. The eosinophil was not observed.Absence of peroxidase from most circulating neutrophils in A. anguilla and A. dieffenbachii, and its pattern in the neutrophil precursors and mature neutrophils of A. anguilla, may be due to two morphologically indistinguishable granule types. Primary peroxidase-negative granules occur in precursors and immature neutrophils and secondary peroxidase-positive granules in mature neutrophils of all three eels. Circulating neutrophils in New Zealand eels seldom mature and are theretore peroxidase-negative, whereas A. anguilla neutrophils are mature and are usually peroxidase-positive.Impairment of microbicidal activity in neutrophils lacking peroxidase is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb04987.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic studies on the enzyme cytochemistry of leucocytes of eels, Anguilla species (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 29 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The leucocytes of three anguillid eels were studied using enzyme cytochemistry. Leucocytes were stained for peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, aryl sulphatase, β-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, β-galactosidase, lysozyme, a variety of non-specific esterases, chloroacetate esterase and two proteases. All cells were negative for aryl sulphatase, β-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, and β-galactosidase. Very few neutrophils, thought to be mature, and all eosinophils contained peroxidase-positive granules, and some monocytes showed very weak peroxidase staining. All leucocytes lacked alkaline phosphatase, but all cells except lymphocytes and thrombocytes of A. dieffenbachii contained acid phosphatase. Neutrophil acid phosphatase released into phagosomes was associated with Escherischia coli bacteriolysis. Neutrophils also secrete lysozyme and, with monocytes, produce and secrete a variety of esterases. The possible interaction of lysozyme, acid phosphatase and esterases in bacteriolysis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb04988.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition and ultrastructure of elasmobranch granulocytes. I. Dogfishes (Squaliformes) (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 30 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The blood granulocyte composition of 10 species of dogfish is given, together with ultrastructural observations made on Etmopterus baxteri Leydig organ and blood, and on spleens of Oxynotus bruniensis, Deania calcea, Scymnodon plunketi and blood of Centroscymnus crepidator. Neutrophilic granulocytes, which were common, had spherical granules that developed a dense core, which then lost contents to become lucent. Eosinophilic granulocytes had ovoid or elongated granules with a fibrillar content that became aligned longitudinally, and rarely formed an axial rod. Eosinophils had large spherical granules that were electron-dense but in early stages had a disorganised fibrillar content. These cells correspond to the neutrophils, heterophils and eosinophils, respectively, of other elasmobranchs.Dogfish granulocytes are compared with those of other elasmobranchs, and their lack of similarity to those of higher vertebrates is noted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1987.tb05782.x
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